RESUMO
Resumo No Brasil, a história das secas é marcada por seguidas tragédias sociais e sanitárias, com estimativas de 3 milhões de óbitos entre o início do século XIX e o final do século XX e o registro de quase 32 mil eventos e mais de 96 milhões de afetados entre 1991 e 2010. Apesar de no Brasil a seca ser um desastre histórico, não encontramos, desde a expedição científica de Arthur Neiva e Belisário Penna em 1912 nas zonas flageladas pela seca, muitas pesquisas sobre a relação seca e saúde no Brasil. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma revisão dos artigos científicos sobre a relação seca e saúde coletiva. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados PubMed, Portal Preparação e Respostas a Desastres da BVS e Portal de Periódicos da Capes, utilizando-se os descritores drought and health no título e resumo, selecionando-se somente artigos em inglês e espanhol com relação direta com os temas em saúde. Dentre os efeitos sobre a saúde encontrados, destacam-se os relacionados à desnutrição e deficiências nutricionais, saúde mental, qualidade das águas e do ar, além do comprometimento da qualidade e do acesso aos serviços de saúde. Considerando-se as tendências de episódios de seca mais intensos e frequentes e de escassez de água até 2030, torna-se urgente ampliar as pesquisas sobre o tema e revisões da literatura.
Abstract In Brazil, the history of droughts has been marked by constant social and health tragedies, with estimates of up to 3 million deaths from the early 19th century until the late 20th century. There is a record of nearly 32,000 events related to the above and more than 96 million people were affected between 1991 and 2010. Although droughts have historically brought disasters to Brazil, which was noted in the scientific expeditions of Arthur Neiva and Belisario Penna that documented these droughts, there have not been many studies on them. The objective of this paper is to present a revision of the scientific articles related to droughts and public health. The following databases were used: PubMed, the Preparation and Response to Disasters Portal from BVS and the Capes Periodical Portal. The descriptors drought and health were used to search titles and summaries of articles in English, Portuguese and Spanish. Among the repercussions related to health that were discovered: malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies, mental health problems, issues relating to water and air quality and commitments made concerning access to health services. As there is a trend for more intense droughts and a scarcity of water until 2030, there is an urgent need for more research and studies in these areas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Saúde Pública , Desastres , Secas , Brasil , Serviços de SaúdeRESUMO
Natural disasters are still insufficiently studied and understood within the scope of public health in this country, with impacts in the short and long term. The scope of this article is to analyze the relationship between disasters and their impact on health based on disaster data recorded in the country. The methodology involved the systematization of data and information contained in the Brazilian Atlas of Natural Disasters 1991-2010 and directly from the National Department of Civil Defense (NSCD). Disasters were organized into four categories of events (meteorological; hydrological; climatological; geophysical/geological) and for each of the latter, the data for morbidity, mortality and exposure of those affected were examined, revealing different types of impacts. Three categories of disasters stood out: the hydrological events showed higher percentages of mortality, morbidity and exposure; climatological events had higher percentages of incidents and people affected; the geophysical/geological events had a higher average of exposure and deaths per event. Lastly, a more active participation of the health sector in the post-2015 global political agenda is proposed, particularly events related to sustainable development, climate change and disaster risk reduction.
Assuntos
Desastres , Brasil , Clima , Saúde Ambiental , HumanosRESUMO
Os desastres naturais ainda são pouco pesquisados e compreendidos no âmbito da Saúde Coletiva no país, com impactos do curto ao longo prazos. O objetivo deste artigo é, a partir de dados sobre desastres registrados no país, analisar a inter-relação entre esses eventos e seus impactos sobre a saúde. A metodologia envolveu a sistematização de dados e informações contidos no Atlas Brasileiro dos Desastres Naturais 1991-2010 e diretamente na Secretária Nacional de Defesa Civil (SNDC). Os desastres foram organizados em quatro categorias de eventos (meteorológicos; hidrológicos; climatológicos; geofísicos/geológicos) e, para cada uma das mesmas, foram explorados os dados de afetados, morbidade, mortalidade e expostos, demonstrando diferentes tipos de impactos. Três categorias de desastres se destacaram: os eventos hidrológicos apresentaram maiores percentuais de mortalidade, morbidade e expostos; os climatológicos maiores percentuais de ocorrências e afetados; os geofísicos/geológicos maior média de expostos e óbitos por evento. Ao final propõe-se uma participação mais ativa do setor saúde na agenda política global pós-2015, particularmente as relacionadas ao desenvolvimento sustentável, mudanças climáticas e redução de riscos de desastres.
Natural disasters are still insufficiently studied and understood within the scope of public health in this country, with impacts in the short and long term. The scope of this article is to analyze the relationship between disasters and their impact on health based on disaster data recorded in the country. The methodology involved the systematization of data and information contained in the Brazilian Atlas of Natural Disasters 1991-2010 and directly from the National Department of Civil Defense (NSCD). Disasters were organized into four categories of events (meteorological; hydrological; climatological; geophysical/geological) and for each of the latter, the data for morbidity, mortality and exposure of those affected were examined, revealing different types of impacts. Three categories of disasters stood out: the hydrological events showed higher percentages of mortality, morbidity and exposure; climatological events had higher percentages of incidents and people affected; the geophysical/geological events had a higher average of exposure and deaths per event. Lastly, a more active participation of the health sector in the post-2015 global political agenda is proposed, particularly events related to sustainable development, climate change and disaster risk reduction.