Aflibercept vs. dexamethasone implant for recalcitrant diabetic macular edema in pseudophakic eyes - 1-year outcomes from a quazi-randomized study in India.

PURPOSE: To assess the safety and efficacy of intravitreal Aflibercept (IVA) versus dexamethasone (DEX) implant for treating recalcitrant diabetic macular edema (DME) in pseudophakic eyes at 1-year follow-up. DESIGN: Retrospective comparative case series. PARTICIPANTS: Data of all patients diagnosed with DME between January 2019 and December 2021, who underwent 4-monthly doses of intravitreal ranibizumab but had persistent DME [central macular thickness (CMT) within 10% of baseline value] were extracted from a computerized database. Of these, only pseudophakic eyes that underwent either IVA or DEX implant and had at least 1-year follow-up were included for analysis. METHODS: DEX implant was preferred before December 2020 and IVA after this time point. In the IVA group, patients were followed up every month while DEX were followed at least every 3 months. Reinjections were considered when vision dropped by at least 1 Snellen's line or CMT increased by at least 10% from the previous visit in both groups. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of change in vision and CMT at 1-year follow-up in DEX versus IVA groups. RESULTS: Eighty-four eyes of 84 patients aged 54.4 + 4.4 years were included, 39 (46%) received DEX and 45 (54%) received IVA. Groups were comparable for baseline vision and CMT. Vision improved equally in both groups from 0.83 + 0.15 logMAR to 0.52 + 0.10 logMAR at 3 months (P < 0.01) and then stabilized till 1 year. However, eyes in the IVA group were 6.5 times more likely (Odds ratio = 6.45, 95% CI = 1.3 - 31.9) to achieve >3-line improvement in vision. The CMT reduction was also comparable between groups (-169 + 51 in DEX vs. -174 + 49 in IVA, P = 0.67). More eyes in the IVA group required >3 injections (91% vs. 69% in DEX, P = 0.01). The IOP was significantly higher at 6 and 9 months in the DEX group and 5 eyes (13%) required IOP lowering medications. CONCLUSION: In pseudophakic eyes with recalcitrant DME not responding to ranibizumab, switching to IVA or DEX implant results in equal visual improvement and CMT reduction. Though >3-line improvement occurs more frequently with IVA, this comes at the expense of a greater number of injections and follow-up visits.

Outcomes after giant peripheral retinotomy and anterior flap retinectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachments with advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy using small gauge vitrectomy.

PURPOSE: To analyze the visual and anatomical outcomes for eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and advanced proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) undergoing giant peripheral retinotomy (GPR) using 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). METHODS: In this retrospective multi-center study, patients with RRD with either anteroposterior or circumferential retinal shortening and advanced PVR requiring more than 90-degree GPR with/without relaxing retinotomy were included. Subjects of either gender, any age group, and with complete surgical notes were included. Outcome measures of the study included anatomical success (i.e. complete retinal re-attachment) at 6 months using survival analysis, visual outcomes, and post-operative complications. RESULTS: Forty-one eyes of 41 patients (33 males) with a mean age of 44.9 ± 21.4 years were included. At 6 months follow-up, anatomical success was seen in 29 eyes (70.7%) with a cumulative re-attachment rate of 66% (95% confidence interval = 48 = 79%). All re-detachments occurred at ≤6 months with a peak at 4-6 months (n = 9). Twenty-three eyes (56%) achieved ambulatory vision (5/200) or better. Direct perfluorocarbon liquid-silicone oil exchange was performed in 20 eyes. Intra-operative complications included persistent retinal folds (2 eyes), subretinal air (1 eye), and subretinal bleed (1 eye). Eleven eyes (26.8%) developed secondary glaucoma (2 eyes required a drainage device), and hypotony of ≤6 mmHg was noted in 3 eyes (7.3%). Corneal decompensation was noted in 8 eyes (19.5%), and 3 eyes (7.3%) underwent re-surgery for re-RRD. CONCLUSION: After GPR using small gauge PPV, two-thirds achieve anatomical success, and over half have ambulatory vision, but overall post-operative complications can occur in more than half of the eyes.

An outbreak of subhyaloid hemorrhage after accidental laser exposure during an Indian festival.

PURPOSE: To report the clinical manifestations and outcomes of patients who experienced retinal damage due to accidental laser exposure during a festival in Kolhapur, Maharashtra. METHODS: Consecutive patients who presented with sudden loss of vision following exposure to laser lights during a religious Indian festival (Ganapati festival) on the same day (9 September 2022) at the same location (idol visarjan procession) were identified from the medical records of various eye hospitals in Kolhapur district of Maharashtra. Eyes with persistent subhyaloid hemorrhage (SHH) were taken up for neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) posterior hyaloidotomy. Patients were examined at weekly intervals up to 1 month. RESULTS: Thirty-four eyes of 34 men were identified with age ranging from 18 to 27 years. The mean duration of exposure to the laser projections was 4.9 ± 1.7 h, and the mean distance from the laser source was 7.3 ± 2.7 feet. All presented with SHH involving the macula. SHH had a median size of 3 disc diameters or larger in 30 eyes (88%), and 29 (97%) of these required hyaloidotomy while one patient underwent pars plana vitrectomy. The mean visual acuity improved from 1.45 ± 0.5 log of minimum angle of resolution (logMAR; 20/560 Snellen) to 0.11 ± 0.19 logMAR (20/25 Snellen) (P < 0.001). One eye showed full-thickness macular hole with visual acuity of 20/200. CONCLUSION: We report a large number of patients experiencing laser-induced SHH, resembling an outbreak, due to exposure to a malfunctioning high-powered recreational laser during a religious festival.

Incidence, clinical features, risk factors, and outcomes of Intraocular inflammation following Brolucizumab in Indian eyes - A multicentric study.

Purpose: To report the incidence, clinical features, potential risk factors, and outcomes of intraocular inflammation (IOI) following brolucizumab in Indian eyes. Methods: All consecutive patients diagnosed with brolucizumab-induced IOI from 10 centers in eastern India between October 2020 and April 2022 were included. Results: Of 758 injections given during the study period across centers, 13 IOI events (1.7%) were recorded attributable to brolucizumab. The IOI occurred after the first dose in two eyes (15%) (median 45 days after brolucizumab), second dose in six eyes (46%) (median = 8.5 days), and third dose (39%) in the remaining five eyes (median 7 days). Reinjections of brolucizumab were administered at a median interval of 6 weeks (interquartile range = 4-10 weeks) in the 11 eyes, where IOI occurred after the second or third dose. Eyes that experienced IOI after the third dose had received a significantly greater number of previous antivascular endothelial growth factor injections (median = 8) compared to those who developed it after the first or second dose (median = 4) (P = 0.001). Anterior chamber cells were seen in almost all eyes (n = 11, 85%), while peripheral retinal hemorrhages were seen in two eyes, and one eye showed branch artery occlusion. Two-thirds of patients (n = 8, 62%) recovered with a combination of topical and oral steroids, while remaining recovered with topical steroids alone. Irreversible visual loss was not seen in any eye, and median vision recovered to pre-IOI levels by 3 months' time point. Conclusion: Brolucizumab-induced IOI was relatively rare, occurring in 1.7% of eyes, was more common after the second or third injection, especially in those who required frequent reinjections every 6 weeks, and occurred earlier with increasing number of previous brolucizumab injections. Continued surveillance is necessary even after repeated doses of brolucizumab.

Efficacy of a biosimilar ranibizumab monotherapy for the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a biosimilar ranibizumab (Razumab) on outcomes of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) for the first time. Methods: This retrospective study included infants presenting with stage 3+ ROP either in zone 1 or zone 2 posterior or aggressive posterior ROP (APROP). All eligible infants received intravitreal razumab (0.25 mg/0.025 ml) monotherapy. Follow-up was continued monthly till complete retinal vascularization was achieved while retreatment with razumab was given when recurrent neovascularization was noted. In case of no recurrence but incomplete vascularization, laser photocoagulation was done to the residual avascular retina. Results: We included 118 eyes of 59 infants with a median gestational age of 30 weeks and median birth weight of 1250 grams. At presentation, APROP was found in 28 eyes (24%) of 14 babies while stage 3 disease was seen in zone 1 in another 28 eyes (24%) and the remaining 62 eyes (52%) had stage 3 ROP in zone 2 posterior region. Complete resolution of ROP along with complete vascularization was seen in 22 eyes (19%) at a median of 55 days (IQR = 31-56 days) and 42 eyes (35%) showed a recurrent neovascularization at a median of 51 days post razumab (IQR = 42-55 days). The cumulative incidence of recurrence of neovascularization (21%, 95% CI = 14%-29%) peaked at seven weeks and was significantly higher in eyes with APROP (43%, 95% CI = 27%-63%) compared to eyes without APROP (13.4%, 95%CI, 8%-22%) (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Razumab appears to be safe and effective in treating ROP, with about a third requiring reinjection at seven weeks after the first dose.

Agreement of a Novel Artificial Intelligence Software With Optical Coherence Tomography and Manual Grading of the Optic Disc in Glaucoma.

PRCIS: The offline artificial intelligence (AI) on a smartphone-based fundus camera shows good agreement and correlation with the vertical cup-to-disc ratio (vCDR) from the spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and manual grading by experts. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the agreement of vCDR measured by a new AI software from optic disc images obtained using a validated smartphone-based imaging device, with SD-OCT vCDR measurements, and manual grading by experts on a stereoscopic fundus camera. METHODS: In a prospective, cross-sectional study, participants above 18 years (Glaucoma and normal) underwent a dilated fundus evaluation, followed by optic disc imaging including a 42-degree monoscopic disc-centered image (Remidio NM-FOP-10), a 30-degree stereoscopic disc-centered image (Kowa nonmyd WX-3D desktop fundus camera), and disc analysis (Cirrus SD-OCT). Remidio FOP images were analyzed for vCDR using the new AI software, and Kowa stereoscopic images were manually graded by 3 fellowship-trained glaucoma specialists. RESULTS: We included 473 eyes of 244 participants. The vCDR values from the new AI software showed strong agreement with SD-OCT measurements [95% limits of agreement (LoA)=-0.13 to 0.16]. The agreement with SD-OCT was marginally better in eyes with higher vCDR (95% LoA=-0.15 to 0.12 for vCDR>0.8). Interclass correlation coefficient was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.88-0.91). The vCDR values from AI software showed a good correlation with the manual segmentation by experts (interclass correlation coefficient=0.89, 95% CI, 0.87-0.91) on stereoscopic images (95% LoA=-0.18 to 0.11) with agreement better for eyes with vCDR>0.8 (LoA=-0.12 to 0.08). CONCLUSIONS: The new AI software vCDR measurements had an excellent agreement and correlation with the SD-OCT and manual grading. The ability of the Medios AI to work offline, without requiring cloud-based inferencing, is an added advantage.

Towards a Device Agnostic AI for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening: An External Validation Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of a validated Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithm developed for a smartphone-based camera on images captured using a standard desktop fundus camera to screen for diabetic retinopathy (DR). Participants: Subjects with established diabetes mellitus. Methods: Images captured on a desktop fundus camera (Topcon TRC-50DX, Japan) for a previous study with 135 consecutive patients (233 eyes) with established diabetes mellitus, with or without DR were analysed by the AI algorithm. The performance of the AI algorithm to detect any DR, referable DR (RDR Ie, worse than mild non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and/or diabetic macular edema (DME)) and sight-threatening DR (STDR Ie, severe NPDR or worse and/or DME) were assessed based on comparisons against both image-based consensus grades by two fellowship trained vitreo-retina specialists and clinical examination. Results: The sensitivity was 98.3% (95% CI 96%, 100%) and the specificity 83.7% (95% CI 73%, 94%) for RDR against image grading. The specificity for RDR decreased to 65.2% (95% CI 53.7%, 76.6%) and the sensitivity marginally increased to 100% (95% CI 100%, 100%) when compared against clinical examination. The sensitivity for detection of any DR when compared against image-based consensus grading and clinical exam were both 97.6% (95% CI 95%, 100%). The specificity for any DR detection was 90.9% (95% CI 82.3%, 99.4%) as compared against image grading and 88.9% (95% CI 79.7%, 98.1%) on clinical exam. The sensitivity for STDR was 99.0% (95% CI 96%, 100%) against image grading and 100% (95% CI 100%, 100%) as compared against clinical exam. Conclusion: The AI algorithm could screen for RDR and any DR with robust performance on images captured on a desktop fundus camera when compared to image grading, despite being previously optimized for a smartphone-based camera.

Initial experience in treating polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy with brolucizumab in Indian eyes - A multicenter retrospective study.

Purpose: To report the initial experience of managing treatment-resistant and treatment-naïve eyes with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) by using brolucizumab 6 mg. Methods: This was a retrospective multicentric series of all consecutive eyes with PCV treated with brolucizumab. Treatment resistance was defined as taking at least six prior anti-VEGF injections over the past 1 year and showing persistent disease activity in the form of intra (IRF) or subretinal fluid (SRF) or both. All patients were treated on a pro re nata (PRN) basis and followed up monthly. Retreatment was considered when either SRF or IRF were present at any time point during the study. Results: We included 21 eyes of 21 patients with PCV with a mean age of 65.1 ± 9.9 years, of which 16 eyes (76%) were treatment-resistant. The mean follow-up period from receiving the first brolucizumab was 27.3 ± 3.3 weeks. Of the 21 eyes, seven eyes (33%) received three injections during follow-up, 13 eyes (62%) received two injections, and one eye received one injection. The mean injection-free interval was 12 ± 1.2 weeks. The median pretreatment vision was 0.6 logMAR (IQR = 0.47-1 logMAR) and improved to 0.3 logMAR (IQR = 0.25-0.6 logMAR), whereas the mean macular thickness improved from 443 ± 60 µm at baseline to 289 ± 25 µm (P < 0.001) at the last follow-up period. None of the eyes experienced any intraocular inflammation across 48 injection sessions. Conclusion: Brolucizumab is safe and effective in controlling PCV disease in both treatment-resistant and treatment-naïve eyes.

Utilization rate of corneal tissue obtained from donors over 75 years of age in Western India for keratoplasty.

PURPOSE: To examine the utilization patterns of cornea procured from diseased individuals ≥75 years of age at an eye bank in western India. METHODS: In this retrospective study, data from 1,217 eyes of 653 donors with age ≥75 years were reviewed from October 2008 to December 2019. Donor age, lens status, endothelial cell count (ECD), utilization of the tissue for transplantation or non-clinical purposes (e.g., research, training/discarded), and causes of non-utilization were noted. RESULTS: The mean age of the donors was 80.9 ± 4.6 years and the tissue utilization rate was 36.5% (445 out of 1,217 eyes). The eyes used for keratoplasty procedures had a lower donor age (79.6 ± 5.7 vs. 81.5 ± 5.1; P < 0.001), a higher endothelial cell count (2493 ± 531 vs. 2034 ± 581; P < 0.001), and were more often phakic (61% vs. 36.6%) compared to the unused group. A multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the likelihood of tissue utilization for keratoplasty was 13% higher with every 100-cell increment in donor ECD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.10-1.16, P < 0.001) and 33% lower with having a pseudophakic status in the donor eye (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.52-0.87, P = 0.03). Age was not a significant determinant of tissue utilization when used in the same multivariable model. CONCLUSION: More than one-third of the eyes (36.5%) can be utilized even when the donors are above 75 years of age. Eyes that were more likely to be utilized for keratoplasty were phakic and had a significantly higher ECD; age was not a determinant in tissue utilization.

Comparison of Innovator vs. Biosimilar Ranibizumab in Treating Diabetic Macular Edema: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

INTRODUCTION: To compare the efficacy of innovator ranibizumab (iRBZ-Accentrix, Novartis, India) vs. biosimilar ranibizumab (bRBZ, Razumab-Intas, India) in eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) in an Indian population. METHODS: Data of patients with DME who underwent at least three injections of iRBZ or bRBZ and had a minimum of 6 months follow-up were obtained from an electronic database. Choice of injection depended upon the patient. Pro re nata (PRN) protocol from baseline was used with reinjections advised if the central macular thickness (CMT) was at least 300 µm and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/40 or worse. Primary outcome measure was comparison of change in BCVA at 6 months between iRBZ and bRBZ. RESULTS: We included 264 eyes in the iRBZ group and 69 eyes in bRBZ group, which were comparable for baseline characteristics. Mean BCVA improved from 0.64 ± 0.39 logMAR to 0.47 ± 0.31 logMAR (p < 0.001) in the iRBZ group and from 0.71 ± 0.42 logMAR to 0.50 ± 0.29 logMAR in the bRBZ group (p < 0.001) at 6 months. There were no differences in BCVA between the two groups (p > 0.05 for all time points). The CMT reduction in the iRBZ group (120 ± 196 µm) was comparable to that in the bRBZ group at 6 months (105 ± 187 µm) (p = 0.69). There was no difference in the mean number of injections taken (3.81 ± 1.2 in iRBZ vs. 3.55 ± 1.2 in bRBZ) (p > 0.05) between groups. Vision at baseline was the only factor associated with vision at last follow-up after adjusting for CMT at baseline, type of injection, and number of injections. CONCLUSIONS: Biosimilar RBZ is similar to innovator RBZ in improving vision and reducing CMT in eyes with DME in the short term.

Outcomes of preoperative bevacizumab in diabetics with nonclearing vitreous hemorrhage without tractional detachment - A quasi-randomized retrospective study.

PURPOSE: To assess whether preoperative bevacizumab (BVZ) in treatment-naïve eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and vitreous hemorrhage (VH) without tractional retinal detachment (TRD) leads to lesser macular edema and better visual outcome compared to eyes that do not receive BVZ. METHODS: This quasi-randomized retrospective study included 217 treatment-naïve eyes with nonclearing VH without TRD that had vitrectomy with or without BVZ and had a minimum 6-months follow-up. Postoperative variables, including visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT) at 1 month, and need for additional anti-VEGF injections till 6 months follow-up, were recorded for analysis. RESULTS: Of the 217 eyes, 107 eyes (49%) received preoperative BVZ and 110 (51%) did not. Groups were comparable in terms of preoperative characteristics. At 1 month, mean CMT was significantly higher in eyes without BVZ (310 ± 33 m vs. 246 ± 34m; P < 0.001). The likelihood of developing center-involving DME at 1 month after vitrectomy was 67% lower if the eye received preoperative BVZ (OR = 0.33, 95%CI = 0.18-2.54, P = 0.56). Though BCVA improved significantly in both groups at 1 month, it was 1/3rd of a line better in the BVZ group (b coefficient = -0.035 logMAR, 95%CI = -0.04 to -0.008 logMAR, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Preoperative BVZ in treatment-naïve eyes with PDR and VH but without TRD lead to better macular status and marginally improved vision at 1 month, which was maintained at 6 months. In view of these results, patients may be offered BVZ only when it is readily affordable to them.

A Delphi method based consensus statement for surgical management of proliferative diabetic retinopathy in India.

PURPOSE: To derive consensus statements for surgical management of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) for vitreoretinal (VR) surgeons. METHODS: Thirteen prolific VR surgeons representing all regions of India were invited to participate in a 42-point questionnaire based on the Delphi methodology describing various surgical scenarios commonly encountered in PDR. Consensus was derived using predefined robust analytics. Scenarios that returned a moderate consensus in round 1 were taken to round 2 as per the Delphi methodology. After considering all inputs, the final consensus criteria were developed. RESULTS: A strong consensus was derived about waiting for 4 weeks before considering vitrectomy. In treatment-naïve eyes with fresh vitreous hemorrhage (VH), the wait time was slightly shorter for extramacular tractional retinal detachment (2-4 weeks) and longer (4-6 weeks) for eyes treated previously with laser or anti-VEGF agents. The expert panel recommended using preoperative anti-VEGF only in eyes with large membranes requiring extensive dissection. For post vitrectomy VH, while a conservative approach was recommended for the first episode of VH, experts recommended immediate vitreous lavage for recurrent episodes of VH. In eyes with iris neovascularization, the panel recommended immediate anti-VEGF injection followed by early vitreous lavage in nonresponsive eyes. A strong consensus was derived for stopping antiplatelet agents before surgery, while there was only a moderate consensus for performing vitrectomy for recalcitrant macular edema unresponsive to anti-VEGF injections in the absence of traction. CONCLUSION: This study provides valuable consensus on managing the different scenarios encountered during surgical management of PDR and should help guide the VR surgeons in clinical decision-making.

Epidemiology, clinical profile, management, and outcome of COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis in 2826 patients in India - Collaborative OPAI-IJO Study on Mucormycosis in COVID-19 (COSMIC), Report 1.

Purpose: COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM) has reached epidemic proportion during India's second wave of COVID-19 pandemic, with several risk factors being implicated in its pathogenesis. This study aimed to determine the patient demographics, risk factors including comorbidities, and medications used to treat COVID-19, presenting symptoms and signs, and the outcome of management. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational study of patients with COVID-19-associated ROCM managed or co-managed by ophthalmologists in India from January 1, 2020 to May 26, 2021. Results: Of the 2826 patients, the states of Gujarat (22%) and Maharashtra (21%) reported the highest number of ROCM. The mean age of patients was 51.9 years with a male preponderance (71%). While 57% of the patients needed oxygen support for COVID-19 infection, 87% of the patients were treated with corticosteroids, (21% for > 10 days). Diabetes mellitus (DM) was present in 78% of all patients. Most of the cases showed onset of symptoms of ROCM between day 10 and day 15 from the diagnosis of COVID-19, 56% developed within 14 days after COVID-19 diagnosis, while 44% had delayed onset beyond 14 days. Orbit was involved in 72% of patients, with stage 3c forming the bulk (27%). Overall treatment included intravenous amphotericin B in 73%, functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)/paranasal sinus (PNS) debridement in 56%, orbital exenteration in 15%, and both FESS/PNS debridement and orbital exenteration in 17%. Intraorbital injection of amphotericin B was administered in 22%. At final follow-up, mortality was 14%. Disease stage >3b had poorer prognosis. Paranasal sinus debridement and orbital exenteration reduced the mortality rate from 52% to 39% in patients with stage 4 disease with intracranial extension (p < 0.05). Conclusion: : Corticosteroids and DM are the most important predisposing factors in the development of COVID-19-associated ROCM. COVID-19 patients must be followed up beyond recovery. Awareness of red flag symptoms and signs, high index of clinical suspicion, prompt diagnosis, and early initiation of treatment with amphotericin B, aggressive surgical debridement of the PNS, and orbital exenteration, where indicated, are essential for successful outcome.

The Heritability of Primary Angle Closure Anatomic Traits and Predictors of Angle Closure in South Indian Siblings.

PURPOSE: To estimate the heritability of ocular biometric and anterior chamber morphologic parameters and to determine predictors of angle closure concordance in South Indian probands with angle closure and their siblings DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study METHODS: Subjects received a standardized ophthalmic examination, A-scan ultrasonography, pachymetry, and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT) imaging. Heritability was calculated using residual correlation coefficients adjusted for age, sex, and home setting. Concordant sibling pairs were defined as both proband and sibling with angle closure. Predictors of angle closure concordance among siblings were calculated using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS: A total of 345 sibling pairs participated. All anterior chamber parameters were highly heritable (P < .001 for all). Similarly, all iris parameters, axial length, lens thickness (LT), central corneal thickness, anterior lens curvature, lens vault (LV), spherical equivalent, and intraocular pressure were moderately to highly heritable (P < .004 for all). LV and LT were more heritable among concordant siblings (P < .05 for both). In contrast, ASOCT angle parameters had statistically insignificant heritability estimates. In multivariable analyses, siblings older than their probands were more likely to be concordant for angle closure (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01, 1.09; P = .02) and siblings with deeper anterior chamber depths (ACDs) compared to their proband were less likely to be concordant for angle closure (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.64, 0.86; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Iris, anterior chamber, and lens parameters may be heritable whereas angle parameters were not. LT and LV may play important roles in the pathogenesis of angle closure. Siblings who are older or have a shallower ACD may need more careful disease monitoring.