RESUMO
Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is the most common thoracic venous circulation anomaly and discovered incidentally during hemodialysis catheter insertion. PLSVC may have some clinical implications for nephrologists. PLSVC can create difficulties during catheter insertion and cause serious complications; it can be mistaken for placement into other sites and cause inappropriate response such as catheter removal. Nephrologists who place hemodialysis catheters in the left jugular or subclavian vein should be aware of the existence of PLSVC.
Assuntos
Cateterismo Venoso Central/métodos , Diálise Renal/instrumentação , Veia Cava Superior/anormalidades , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Veia Cava Superior/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) accumulate in tissues of mammalian species and have been hypothesized to contribute to aging. We show that mice expressing a proofreading-deficient version of the mitochondrial DNA polymerase g (POLG) accumulate mtDNA mutations and display features of accelerated aging. Accumulation of mtDNA mutations was not associated with increased markers of oxidative stress or a defect in cellular proliferation, but was correlated with the induction of apoptotic markers, particularly in tissues characterized by rapid cellular turnover. The levels of apoptotic markers were also found to increase during aging in normal mice. Thus, accumulation of mtDNA mutations that promote apoptosis may be a central mechanism driving mammalian aging.
