[Maternal diabetes mellitus as a risk factor in the development of renal pathology in children]. / Sakharnyi diabet materi kak faktor riska razvitiia patologii pochek u detei.

Forty-four children of diabetic mothers aged 10.5 years on an average were examined. Ultrasonography and renography with 123I-hippuran label were used to assess these children's renal status. Various malformations (double kidneys, kidney agenesia, fused of floating kidneys) were detected in 10 patients, in 16 various functional renal disorders were revealed. The authors suppose that maternal juvenile diabetes mellitus, nephropathy, hydramnion, and poor metabolic control during a diabetic pregnancy result in abnormal development of fetal kidneys.

[Na,K-Atpase in renal tissue of rats in the dynamics of experimental nephritis]. / Aktivnost' Na-K-ATFazy v pochechnoi tkani krys v dinamike éksperimental'nogo nefrita.

The authors undertook comparative study of the Na, K-ATPase activity in the red cells, ghost corpuscles, and in the cortex and medulla of kidneys of rats with experimental glomerulonephritis (GN) induced by injection of nephrotoxic serum (NTS), during an acute course of the process (1 and 2 weeks after NTS injection) and in chronic affection of the kidneys (10 weeks after NTS injection). The activity of the enzyme both in the red cells and in the ghost corpuscles was reduced significantly, by 28 and 22%, respectively, in the acute period of the disease (one week after NTS injection) but was restored to normal values in the period of chronic affection of the kidneys. The activity of the enzyme did not change in the cortex during the whole period of the study, but in the medulla it diminished in the acute period of the disease and remained reduced (by 27% on the average) during the chronic phase. It is concluded that reduction of the enzyme activity in the studied objects was not caused by the presence of endogenous inhibitors of the enzyme. It is suggested that reduction of Na, K-ATPase activity in the renal medulla may be one of the factors of increase of Na and water excretion in the urine in the chronic phase of GN.

[Cellular and humoral cytotoxicity indices in children with glomerulonephritis]. / Pokazateli kletochnoi i gumoral'noi tsitotoksichnosti u detei, bol'nykh glomerulonefritom.

Altogether 35 children suffering from different forms of glomerulonephritis were examined. It has been shown that in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis in children, an appreciable role is played not only by the action of pathogenic immune complexes but also by the mechanism of antibody-dependent cytotoxicity due to K-cells and lymphocytotoxicity, influencing the regulatory subpopulations of immunocompetent cells and acting directly on the structures of renal tissue. The nephrotic syndrome is characterized by the enhancement of serum lymphocytotoxicity whereas the nephritic syndrome by a rise in the blood of circulating immune complexes. In view of the fact that the process may become chronic, the rise of the activity of K-cells, of the level of lymphocytotoxins and the absence from the serum of circulating immune complexes should be regarded as unfavourable prognostic criteria.

[Intrarenal mechanisms of the regulation of homeostasis in children with nephrotic syndrome]. / Vnutripochechnye mekhanizmy reguliatsii gomeostaza pri nefroticheskom sindrome u detei.

Overall 40 patients with associated glomerulonephritis and the nephrotic syndrome were examined for renal response to the induced shifts in water balance: tests with 18-hour water deprivation characterizing concentration function of the kidneys, followed by water loading (22 ml/kg bw) which allows estimation of water excretion function and osmotic dilution. Osmotic concentration defect was revealed. It manifested in a decrease of osmotic concentration of the urine, a reduction of the concentration index according to creatinine. It should be mentioned that the more preserved was the magnitude of the concentration index the more this was ensured by sodium reabsorption, decrease of its excretion. Meanwhile osmotic concentration of the urine was determined by urea excretion. Study of partial functions in water diuresis discovered a dramatic lowering of sodium-free water clearance characterizing participation of the kidney in the maintenance of effective osmotic pressure of the plasma and reflecting the intensity of distal sodium reabsorption.