High carbon emissions from thermokarst lakes of Western Siberia.

The Western Siberia Lowland (WSL), the world's largest permafrost peatland, is of importance for understanding the high-latitude carbon (C) cycle and its response to climate change. Warming temperatures increase permafrost thaw and production of greenhouse gases. Also, permafrost thaw leads to the formation of lakes which are hotspots for atmospheric C emissions. Although lakes occupy ~6% of WSL, lake C emissions from WSL remain poorly quantified. Here we show high C emissions from lakes across all permafrost zones of WSL. The C emissions were especially high in shoulder seasons and in colder permafrost-rich regions. The total C emission from permafrost-affected lakes of WSL equals ~12 ± 2.6 Tg C yr-1 and is 2-times greater than region's C export to the Arctic coast. The results show that C emission from WSL lakes is a significant component in the high-latitude C cycle, but also suggest that C emission may decrease with warming.

[Indications for surgical treatment of hard scarring gastric ulcers].

It was done the comparative analysis of the morphofunctional state of the upper gastrointestinal tract between 350 patients with effective conservative treatment and 104 patients with hard scarring gastric ulcers. The analysis identified the predictors of ineffective medical treatment and led to deliver the indications for timely surgical treatment. It was identified the next indications for planned organ-preserving surgical treatment of patients with hard scarring gastric ulcers: penetrating and non-healing ulcers with large or gigantic size in case of the adequate medical therapy, high-grade dysplasia and colonic metaplasia of the gastric epithelium in the borders or fundus of the ulcer,ulcers combination with fixed cardio-fundal or fundo-corporal hiatal hernias; hypotonic-hypokinetic type of the gastric and duodenal activity with the development of gastrostasis and pronounced duodenogastric reflux.

[Results of the study of motor and evacuation function of the stomach after gastroplasty].

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Investigation of motor and evacuated functions of upper parts of digestive tract in patients with hard scarring gastric ulcers (HSGU) after organ-preserving surgery by gastroplasty method. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Motor and evacuated functions of the operated stomach were studied in 74 patients after gastroplasty (GP) with invaginated corporo-antral anastomosis (CAA) and 30 patients after GP with corporo-antral sphincter (KAS) formation from the ileal loop in different post-operated periods. The roentgenologic barium passage trough the upper parts of digestive tract and inter-digestive motor activity were assessed. RESULTS: The recovery of functional condition of the operated stomach after GP occurred during a year. It stipulated by adequate motor and evacuated functions of anastomosis performed. The GP technique with KAS formation from the ileal loop has number of advantages before its analogue GP with invaginated KAA: the muscular cuff from the ileal loop obstacles the dilatation of gastric tube; recovers the reservoir function of the fundal gastric part; provides the bolus portioned delivery to antral gastric portion to prevent its overload. CONCLUSION: The results of the study of motor and evacuated functions of operated stomach have proved that GP with KAS formation from the ileal loop was the optimal method of HSGU surgical treatment.

[Endothelial dysfunction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus].

It is currently shown that endothelial function study is a rather informative way of assessing the cardiovascular risk. Many investigations have shown the high rate of endothelial dysfunction (ED) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, clinical data on ED in patients with SLE are scarce; which seems to be generated by difficulties in the diagnosis of this condition and to necessitate the modification of the existing diagnostic methods. The signs of ED were detected in 40% of the patients. Its development was associated with the activity of SLE, the presence of Raynaud's syndrome, elevated systolic blood pressure, plasma fibrinogen levels, and the larger daily dose ofprednisolone. The method proposed by the authors to study endothelialfunction from the diagnostic capacities on the basis of volumetric compression oscillometry is comparable with the standard ultrasound method, which allows its clinical use to evaluate the endothelial state.

[Lupus nephritis as a factor of atherosclerosis risk in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus].

AIM: To investigate early atherosclerosis (AS) risk factors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in respect to the presence of lupus nephritis (LN) and antiphospholipid (APL) antibodies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analysed case histories of 137 SLE patients observed in E.M. Tareev clinic from 1970 to 2006. AS manifestations were studied by echocardiography, ultrasonic dopplerography of the peripheral vessels, x-ray methods. AS was considered early if it arose at the age under 55 years. Patients with chronic renal failure were not included in the study. RESULTS: AS development was seen in 54 (45%) patients, early symptoms appeared at the age of 25-68 years (mean 54 +/- 10 years). In 37 (31%) patients AS symptoms manifested at the age under 55 years. Significant factors of early AS risk were age, hyperlipidemia, arterial hypertension, menopause for women, APL antibodies circulation, stage IV chronic disease of the kidneys, hyperuricemia, higher blood creatinine, mean dose of prednisolone over 15 mg/day, frequent elevation of the level of C-reactive protein. A direct correlation between lupus nephritis or nephrotic syndrome (NS) and early AS was not found. In LN hyperlipidemia occurred more often (p = 0.055), lipids level and NS were not related during its remission. LN patients developed AS more frequently, had lower complement concentration in the end of the study, were treated with prednisolone more intensively than patients free of renal disease (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Early AS develops in more than one third of SLE patients. Main risk factors of early AS are conventional ones and APL antibodies, persistence of chronic inflammation, decreased glomerular filtration rate, prednisolone therapy. LN influence on the process of atherogenesis in SLE may be mediated and caused by high rate of other risk factors.