The effects of disinfection with Er, Cr:YSGG laser, application of CPP-ACP and sodium hypochlorite on shear bond strength.

Background: The effects of commonly used antimicrobial and anticariogenic agents on the adhesion of pit and fissure sealants were investigated in this study. Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er, Cr:YSGG) laser disinfection, casein phosphopeptides-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) containing paste and sodium hypochlorite application before the placement of a resin-based pit and fissure sealant on the shear bond strength of primary tooth enamel. Materials and Methods: The shear bond strength test evaluated the bond strength of sealants on the buccal enamel surfaces of primary molar teeth. The study groups were pit and fissure sealant without any preapplication, pre application of disinfection with Er, Cr:YSGG laser, disinfection with Er, Cr:YSGG laser and CPP-ACP containing paste, sodium hypochlorite, sodium hypochlorite and CPP-ACP containing paste and CPP-ACP containing paste. The pit and fissure sealants were placed using 4 mm diameter, 2 mm height cylindrical plastic tubes. Shear force was applied to each sample. The surfaces of the broken samples were detected under stereomicroscope and were grouped as adhesive, cohesive, and mixed. The results of the study were evaluated using the SPSS 16.0 package program for statistical analysis. Results: The groups where sodium hypochlorite and sodium hypochlorite with CPP-ACP were applied showed the lowest bond strength (p < 0.05). It was observed that most of the failures in these groups were adhesive-type failures. No significant difference was observed between the shear bond strengths of the other groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Er, Cr: YSGG laser and CPP-ACP containing paste are alternative methods for pre-application of fissure sealants.

Utility of Polyethylene Terephthalate (Dacron) Vascular Grafts for Venous Outflow Reconstruction in Living-Donor Liver Transplantations.

BACKGROUND: Venous outflow reconstruction of modified right-lobe liver grafts has been shown to prevent the occurrence of graft congestion and subsequent complications, including graft loss. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of Dacron grafts for venous reconstruction in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). METHODS: Between January 2016 and January 2018, Dacron grafts were used in 148 liver transplants. Of these, 104 patients who had a follow-up computerized tomography (CT) scan were enrolled into the study. A total of 179 outflow hepatic veins including V5, V8, partial middle hepatic vein, and accessory inferior right hepatic veins (IRHV) were reconstructed using synthetic Dacron grafts. Graft patency was evaluated with both intraoperative Doppler ultrasonography following reconstruction, and a follow-up CT was performed on the postoperative day 7 (±1). Retrospective data collection included demographics, parameters for small-for-size (laboratory tests [bilirubin, International Normalized Ratio] and ascites) syndrome, postoperative morbidity, and mortality. RESULTS: Follow-up CT revealed graft patency in 155 out of 179 (86.6%) vascular grafts. Postoperative seventh-day patency rates for each reconstructed vein were as follows: V5, 87.5% (70/80); V8, 87.7% (50/57); partial middle hepatic vein, 100% (11/11); and IRHV, 77.4% (24/31). No major graft-related complications (early graft dysfunction, graft infection) or graft-related mortality were observed. None of the recipients developed small-for-size syndrome based on laboratory tests and clinical findings. CONCLUSIONS: Dacron vascular grafts appear as an advantageous and useful alternative for venous outflow reconstruction in LDLT.

The frequencies of mutated alleles of CYP2D6 gene in a Turkish population.

Allele and genotype frequency distribution of CYP2D6*3, *4, *5, *6 and *10 variants were analyzed in blood samples of 100 unrelated healthy individuals by Real-Time PCR. The allele frequencies of CYP2D6*3(A2549del), *4(G1846A), *6(T1707del) and *10(C100T) were 1%, 10%, 2.5% and 14.5% respectively, while allele frequency of CYP2D6*5 was 3% of the subjects tested. Extensive, poor and intermediate metabolizer (EM, PM, IM) genotype frequencies were 63%, 4% and 12%, respectively. CYP2D6 gene duplication was 4%. Our results show that the frequencies of the mutated alleles of CYP2D6 in Turkish populations are similar to some European populations. 4% of Turkish people who have two nonfunctional defective allele are a high risk group and 12.5% of Turkish people who have two decreased functional defective allele or one normal and one non functional defective allele were also in the risk group. Findings of this study demonstrate the importance of genetic variation in drug intoxicants.