A bibliometric review of waste management and innovation: Unveiling trends, knowledge structure and emerging research fronts.

The pressing challenges in waste management have motivated this comprehensive study examining prior research and contemporary trends concerning innovation and waste management. A meticulous investigation of 2264 documents (1968-2024) was conducted using bibliometrix R-tool to analyse Scopus and Web of Science databases, offering a holistic global perspective. Heightened societal concern about waste management, driven by soaring waste production from consumption patterns, requires urgent exploration of effective waste elimination and transformation systems. This study provides a comprehensive summary of the topic, delving deeply into its complexities. Through thorough analysis of global trends, it constitutes a significant stride towards identifying effective solutions, offering valuable contributions to both scientific understanding and practical applications. This research pioneers a comprehensive synthesis of innovation and waste management issues, showcasing originality and substantial contributions. The identified collaborative networks expose a lack of transnational cooperation, potentially hindering waste management innovation. Future research around waste management innovation should focus on synergies among competitors within the same industry and across industries to minimize waste and maximize resource utilization, 4.0 technologies, global waste chain impacts and challenges along with solutions for developing countries.

Critical Thinking and its Importance in Doctoral Education / Pensamiento crítico y su importancia en la educación doctoral / O Pensamento Crítico e sua Importância na Educação de Doutorado

Abstract Introduction: For a doctoral student it is necessary and mandatory to conduct research that leads them to move the frontier of knowledge. In this context, how does critical thinking contribute to generating new knowledge? Many authors attempt to explain and define critical thinking. Objective: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the most relevant critical thinking models and to develop a model for this personal attribute in doctoral education. Materials and methods: Seminal works and the most significant models of critical thinking were reviewed in the current literature. Results: A critical thinking model in doctoral education was developed as an integration of the most important contributions of all authors. Conclusions: We argue that there is not a unique definition for this concept and that critical thinking may be understood as a process rather than as a tool, attribute or skill.

Resumen: Introducción. Para un estudiante doctoral es necesario y obligatorio llevar a cabo una investigación que lo conduce a mover la frontera del conocimiento. En este contexto, ¿cómo contribuye el pensamiento crítico a generar nuevo conocimiento? Muchos autores intentan explicar y definir el pensamiento crítico. Objetivo. El propósito de este trabajo es discutir los modelos de pensamiento crítico más relevantes y desarrollar un modelo para este atributo personal en la educación doctoral. Materiales y métodos. Los trabajos seminales y los modelos más significativos de pensamiento crítico fueron revisados en la literatura actual. Resultados. Se desarrolló un modelo de pensamiento crítico en la educación doctoral, como una integración de las contribuciones más importantes de todos los autores. Conclusión. Argumentamos que no existe una definición única para este concepto y que el pensamiento crítico puede ser entendido como un proceso más que como una herramienta, atributo o habilidad.

Resumo: Introdução. Para um aluno de doutorado é necessário e obrigatório realizar uma investigação que o leve a mover a fronteira do conhecimento. Neste contexto, como o pensamento crítico contribui para gerar novos conhecimentos? Muitos autores tentam explicar e definir o pensamento crítico. Objetivo. O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir os modelos de pensamento crítico mais relevantes e desenvolver um modelo para este atributo pessoal na educação de doutorado. Materiais e métodos. Trabalhos seminais e os modelos mais significativos de pensamento crítico foram revisados na literatura atual. Resultados. Um modelo de pensamento crítico na formação de doutorado foi desenvolvido como uma integração das contribuições mais importantes de todos os autores. Conclusões. Nós argumentamos que não existe uma definição única para esse conceito e que o pensamento crítico pode ser entendido como um processo e não como uma ferramenta, atributo ou habilidade.

Selling of Products: The Use of Single-Electrode Wireless EEG in Consumer Behavior.

The results of three different groups of customers, each exposed to a different sales technique, were compared in order to evaluate which sales technique was more effective for achieving higher levels of sustained attention. The study used the Neurosky headband to measure brainwaves in millivolts. The three compared sales techniques were: 1) the training technique for sale, termed as structured by the AIDA model; 2) the traditional sale, here called unstructured; 3) and a structured technique with the help of simultaneous stimulation by several neuroattentional pathways, prescribed by the developments of the neuroscience of consumption (CN). The results showed a statistically significant difference in achieved sustained attention levels, presenting higher levels in clients exposed to the sales training technique and ower scores in those exposed to one of the techniques used by the CN. These results are discussed in relation to the concept of sustained attention in clients when the stimulation of a single neuroattentional pathway is used as compared to the activation of several pathways simultaneously.

Con el objetivo de conocer qué tipo de técnica de venta es más efectiva en lograr mayores niveles de atención sostenida, se compararon los resultados obtenidos por tres grupos de clientes expuestos, cada uno, a una técnica de venta de un mismo producto. Para el efecto se recurrió a la medición en milivoltios de ondas cerebrales de atención a través de diademas Neurosky. Las tres técnicas de venta comparadas fueron: 1) la técnica de entrenamiento en venta, estructurada según el modelo AIDA; 2) la venta tradicional, denominada aquí como no estructurada; 3) y una técnica estructurada con ayuda de estimulación simultánea por varias vías neuroatencionales, prescrita por los desarrollos de la neurociencia del consumo (NC). Los resultados mostraron una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en los niveles de atención sostenida alcanzados, presentando mayores niveles en los clientes expuestos a la técnica de entrenamiento en venta y menores puntajes en aquellos expuestos a una de las técnicas usadas por la NC. Estos resultados se discuten en relación con el concepto de atención sostenida en los clientes, cuando se recurre a la estimulación de una vía neuroatencional en comparación con la activación de varias vías simultáneamente.