¿Existe la misma exigencia en la obtención del doctorado (PhD) en todos los departamentos de cirugía de las universidades españolas? / Is there the same requirement to obtain the PhD degree in all the departments of surgery of the Spanish universities?

Introducción El doctorado es el tercer ciclo de estudios universitarios oficiales, que mediante la defensa de la tesis doctoral conduce a la adquisición del título de doctor. El Real Decreto 99/2011 regula los programas de doctorado, con un amplio margen en su exigencia. El objetivo de este estudio ha sido conocer si existe discrepancia de los programas de doctorado entre los departamentos de cirugía de las universidades públicas españolas y establecer una escala de calidad. Métodos Estudio observacional transversal mediante una encuesta enviada por vía telemática a los profesores de los departamentos de cirugía. Resultados Se ha consultado a los 35 departamentos de cirugía, obteniendo respuesta de 29 de ellos (82,9%). La variación en la exigencia se ha observado especialmente en la calidad del proyecto de investigación, sin existir normativa en 25 (86,2%) de los programas. En cuanto a la presentación de la tesis doctoral en forma de compendio de artículos, se exige que sean originales en 15 (51,7%). En 14 (48,4%) de los programas la posición como autor del doctorando debe ser de autor preferente al menos en 2 artículos. En 14 departamentos (48,4%) no existe normativa respecto a la posición por cuartiles de los artículos. Al puntuar los distintos programas según su exigencia, la variabilidad es elevada, oscilando entre 2 y 19 puntos. La financiación para el desarrollo del doctorado fue mínima. Conclusiones Existe una amplia variabilidad en la exigencia de los programas de doctorado. Sería aconsejable definir unos niveles mínimos de exigencia para salvaguardar aquellas tesis de mayor nivel (AU)

Introduction The doctorate is the third cycle of official university studies, which, through the defense of the doctoral thesis leads to the acquisition of the title of doctor or PhD from the Anglo-Saxon countries. Royal Decree law 99/2011 regulates doctoral programs, with a wide margin on quality requirements. The objective of this study is to find out if there is this variation in the requirements of the doctorate programs of the different departments of surgery of the Spanish public universities and to establish a quality scale. Methods Cross-sectional observational study from 2/22/2021 to 3/3/2021, through a survey sent electronically to the professors of the departments of surgery. Results Thirty-five departments of surgery were consulted, obtaining a response in 29 of them (82.9%). The observed variation regarding requirements has been basically in the quality of the research project, in fact in 25 (86.2%) there are no regulations on this. When it is presented in the form of a compendium of articles, these are required to be original in 15 (51.7%). Regarding the position as author, the doctoral student must be the preferred author, at least in 2 articles in 14 (48.4%) of the programs. In 14 departments (48.4%) there are no regulations on the position of the articles and quartiles of journals. When scoring the different programs according to their requirements, the variability is high, ranging between 2 and 19 points. Funding for the development of the doctorate is meager. Conclusions There is a wide variability in the requirement of doctoral programs. Homogeneous levels of demand must be defined to promote and protect higher-level doctorates (AU)

Experimental study of the quantification of indocyanine green fluorescence in ischemic and non-ischemic anastomoses, using the SERGREEN software program.

Tissue ischemia is a key risk factor in anastomotic leak (AL). Indocyanine green (ICG) is widely used in colorectal surgery to define the segments with the best vascularization. In an experimental model, we present a new system for quantifying ICG fluorescence intensity, the SERGREEN software. Controlled experimental study with eight pigs. In the initial control stage, ICG fluorescence intensity was analyzed at the level of two anastomoses, in the right and in the left colon. Control images of the two segments were taken after ICG administration. The images were processed with the SERGREEN program. Then, in the experimental ischemia stage, the inferior mesenteric artery was sectioned at the level of the anastomosis of the left colon. Fifteen minutes after the section, sequential images of the two anastomoses were taken every 30 min for the following 2 h. At the control stage, the mean scores were 134.2 (95% CI 116.3-152.2) for the right colon and 147 (95% CI 134.7-159.3) for the left colon (p = 0.174) (Scale RGB-Red, Green, Blue). The right colon remained stable throughout the experiment. In the left colon, intensity fell by 47.9 points with respect to the pre-ischemia value (p < 0.01). After the first post-ischemia determination, the values of the ischemic left colon remained stable throughout the experiment. The relative decrease in ICG fluorescence intensity of the ischemic left colon was 32.6%. The SERGREEN program quantifies ICG fluorescence intensity in normal and ischemic situations and detects differences between them. A reduction in ICG fluorescence intensity of 32.6% or more was correlated with complete tissue ischemia.