[Clinical usefulness of the non-invasive functional study of the lower urinary tract voiding phase as a predictor of resolution after the first endoscopic treatment of vesico-ureteral reflux in children older than 3 years.] / Utilidad del estudio funcional no invasivo de la fase de vaciado del tracto urinario inferior como factor predictor de la resolución tras el primer tratamiento endoscópico del reflujo vesico-ureteral en niños mayores de 3 años.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the usefulnessof voiding diary (VD), uroflowmetry with electromyography(UF-EMG), bladder wall thickness (before micturition)(VWTUS) and residual urine (PVR) (ultrasound measure)in predicting the outcome of the first endoscopic treatment(1ENDT) of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children> 3 years. METHODS: Cross-sectional ambispective study of 48children with vesicoureteral reflux. Those with previousendoscopic treatment, age or neurological abnormalities and a history of urethralor abdominal surgery were excluded. The outcomevariable was the correctness (by isotopic cystography)three months after 1ENDT. Univariate and multivariateanalyses were performed through a Multilayer Perceptronnetwork and a logistic regression model EmpiricalBayesian penalized type LASSO Elastic net. Diagnosticaccuracy were determined. RESULTS: Mean age of the sample was 6.8 +/- 2.28years. The rate of VUR correction after 1ENDT was 77%.The variables selected by both methods were: VD-retentionist(OR 3.90), high PVR (OR 2.69), high VWTUS (OR4.44). Normal UF-EMG was a preventive variable (OR0.38). Diagnostic accuracy (pSp=48.7%), UF+EMG (Se=27.3%(Se=72.7% (AUC=0.8 cut point 20 ml),VWTUS (Se=81.8% (AUC=0.8 cut point4.6 mm). There were no statistical differences betweenPVR and VWTUS. Combined use of UF+EMG+PVR(Se=90.9%in predicting the persistence of VUR after 1ENDT inchildren > 3 years. After screening with a VD, UF-EMG+ RPM combination could be useful to detect these patientsand propose a treatment that improves bladdervoiding function prior to surgery.

OBJETIVOS: Determinar la utilidad deldiario miccional (DIM), la flujometría asociada a laelectromiografía (UF-EMG) y los parámetros ecográficoscomo son el espesor de la pared vesical premiciconal(EPVECO) y el residuo postmiccional (RPM) en la prediccióndel resultado del primer tratamiento endoscópico(1TEND) del Reflujo Vesico-Ureteral (RVU) en niños > 3años.MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal ambispectivode 48 niños con RVU. Criterios de exclusión: 1TENDprevio, edad y cirugía uretral o abdominal previas. Variableresultado: corrección del RVU (cistografía isotópica realizadatres meses después del 1TEND). Se realizaronanálisis univariante y multivariante mediante una red perceptrón multicapa y un modelo de regresión logísticapenalizada tipo Empirical Bayesian LASSO Elastic net.Se consideraron significativas las variables elegidas porambos métodos estadísticos. Se estudió el rendimientodiagnóstico de las pruebas individuales y combinadas. RESULTADOS: Media de edad: 6,8 +/- 2,28 años.Tasa de corrección del RVU traspredictoras de la persistencia del RVU tras 1TENDseleccionadas por ambos métodos: DIM-hábito retencionista(OR 3,90), RPM elevado (OR 2,69), EPVECOaumentado (OR 4,44). La UF-EMG sin alteracionesen el trazado se comportó como variable preventiva(OR 0,38). Rendimiento diagnóstico (p(Se=98% (Se=27,3%RPM (Se=72,7% (AUC=0,8 punto decorte óptimo 20 ml), EPVECO (Se=81,8%(AUC=0,8 punto de corte óptimo 4,6 mm).No existierondiferencias entre el uso del RPM y el EPVECO(p>0,05). Uso conjunto de UF-EMG+RPM (Se=90,9%Es=92%) (pCONCLUSIONES: El estudio funcional no invasivo dela fase de vaciado es útil en la predicción de la persistenciade RVU tras el 1TEND en niños >3 años. Trasel cribado con un diario miccional, la UF-EMG+RPMpodrían ser útiles para detectar a estos pacientes y plantearun tratamiento que mejore el vaciado vesical previoa la cirugía.

Utilidad del estudio funcional no invasivo de la fase de vaciado del tracto urinario inferior como factor predictor de la resolución tras el primer tratamiento endoscópico del reflujo vesico-ureteral en niños mayores de 3 años / No disponible

Objetivos: Determinar la utilidad del diario miccional (DIM), la flujometría asociada a la electromiografía (UF-EMG) y los parámetros ecográficos como son el espesor de la pared vesical premiciconal (EPVECO) y el residuo postmiccional (RPM) en la predicción del resultado del primer tratamiento endoscópico (1TEND) del Reflujo Vesico-Ureteral (RVU) en niños > 3 años. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal ambispectivo de 48 niños con RVU. Criterios de exclusión: 1TEND previo, edad y cirugía uretral o abdominal previas. Variable resultado: corrección del RVU (cistografía isotópica realizada tres meses después del 1TEND). Se realizaron análisis univariante y multivariante mediante una red perceptrón multicapa y un modelo de regresión logística penalizada tipo Empirical Bayesian LASSO Elastic net. Se consideraron significativas las variables elegidas por ambos métodos estadísticos. Se estudió el rendimiento diagnóstico de las pruebas individuales y combinadas. Resultados: Media de edad: 6,8 +/- 2,28 años. Tasa de corrección del RVU tras predictoras de la persistencia del RVU tras 1TEND seleccionadas por ambos métodos: DIM-hábito retencionista (OR 3,90), RPM elevado (OR 2,69), EPVECO aumentado (OR 4,44). La UF-EMG sin alteraciones en el trazado se comportó como variable preventiva (OR 0,38). Rendimiento diagnóstico (p(Se=98% (Se=27,3% RPM (Se=72,7% (AUC=0,8 punto de corte óptimo 20 ml), EPVECO (Se=81,8% (AUC=0,8 punto de corte óptimo 4,6 mm).No existieron diferencias entre el uso del RPM y el EPVECO (p>0,05). Uso conjunto de UF-EMG+RPM (Se=90,9% Es=92%). Conclusiones: El estudio funcional no invasivo de la fase de vaciado es útil en la predicción de la persistencia de RVU tras el 1TEND en niños >3 años. Tras el cribado con un diario miccional, la UF-EMG+RPM podrían ser útiles para detectar a estos pacientes y plantear un tratamiento que mejore el vaciado vesical previo a la cirugía

Objectives: To determine the usefulness of voiding diary (VD), uroflowmetry with electromyography (UF-EMG), bladder wall thickness (before micturition) (VWTUS) and residual urine (PVR) (ultrasound measure) in predicting the outcome of the first endoscopic treatment (1ENDT) of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in children > 3 years. Methods: Cross-sectional ambispective study of 48 children with vesicoureteral reflux. Those with previous endoscopic treatment, age <4 years, anatomical or neurological abnormalities and a history of urethral or abdominal surgery were excluded. The outcome variable was the correctness (by isotopic cystography) three months after 1ENDT. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed through a Multilayer Perceptron network and a logistic regression model Empirical Bayesian penalized type LASSO Elastic net. Diagnostic accuracy were determined. Results: Mean age of the sample was 6.8 +/- 2.28 years. The rate of VUR correction after 1ENDT was 77%. The variables selected by both methods were: VD-retentionist (OR 3.90), high PVR (OR 2.69), high VWTUS (OR 4.44). Normal UF-EMG was a preventive variable (OR 0.38). Diagnostic accuracy (p<0.005): VD (Se=98% Sp=48.7%), UF+EMG (Se=27.3% Sp=94.6%), PVR (Se=72.7% Sp=97.3%) (AUC=0.8 cut point 20 ml), VWTUS (Se=81.8% Sp=73%) (AUC=0.8 cut point 4.6 mm). There were no statistical differences between PVR and VWTUS. Combined use of UF+EMG+PVR (Se=90.9% Sp=92%) (p<0.05). Conclusions: Noninvasive voiding study is useful in predicting the persistence of VUR after 1ENDT in children > 3 years. After screening with a VD, UF-EMG + RPM combination could be useful to detect these patients and propose a treatment that improves bladder voiding function prior to surgery

Xantogranulomatous pyeloneprhritis in children.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XPN) is an unusual and severe form of chronic inflammatory lesion of the kidney, characterised by the destruction of the renal parenchyma and the presence of multinucleated giant cells and lipid-laden macrophages, inflammatory infiltration and intensive renal fibrosis. There are a few cases in the literature which describe the disease in children. The pathomechanism of XPN is poorly understood. Renal obstruction with concomitant urinary tract infection is the most commonly associated pathological finding. The process is typically unilateral and may be focal or diffuse. In both cases, the perirenal infiltration is possible and can be mistaken for common renal neoplasm or inflammatory process. The symptoms are non-specific. Diagnostic imaging techniques with clinical suspicion have enabled XPN to be diagnosed and differentiated from malignancy with a high degree of confidence. Computed tomography (CT) is the mainstay of diagnostic imaging. The definitive diagnosis of XPN is based on pathological assessment after nephrectomy. We review and illustrate the clinical, radiological, surgical and pathological characteristics of XPN in children. All cases shown are surgically and histopathologically proven. TEACHING POINTS: • XPN can present different clinical manifestations. • CT is the mainstay of diagnostic imaging in XPN. • Focal type of XPN should be included in the differential diagnosis of children with a renal mass. • There are no clear guidelines on the management of XPN. • Conservative and surgical treatments should be considered for each individual case. • Histopathological examination confirms the diagnosis and excludes other benign and malign diseases.

Ectopia escrotal: presentación clínica y corrección quirúrgica / Ectopic scrotum: Clinical presentation and surgical treatment

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Válvulas ureterales en el niño. Tratamiento minimamente invasivo mediante laser holmium / Conservative treatmet of ureteral valve with holmium laser in a child

OBJETIVOS: Presentar el manejo terapéutico mínimamente invasivo de la obstrucción unilateral del tracto urinario superior producida por una válvula ureteral.MÉTODO: Descripción del caso clínico, la técnica endourológica utilizada y de los resultados a medio plazo, con apoyo de la literatura publicada al respecto.RESULTADOS: Paciente de 12 años con clínica de dolor en flanco derecho. En la ecografía presentó ureterohidronefrosis derecha con parénquima conservado. La Uro-resonancia magnética reveló la presencia de un defecto de repleción en el tercio medio del uréter derecho y descartó una compresión extrínseca. En la ureterorrenoscopia se observó la válvula ureteral que fue resecada mediante laser holmium. La derivación ureteral se mantuvo 3 semanas. Tras 12 meses del tratamiento la paciente presentó ausencia de clínica y de ureterohidronefrosis derecha en ecografías de control.CONCLUSIONES: El tratamiento endourológico mediante resección de la válvula ureteral obstructiva usando el laser Holmium Dormier es un método poco invasivo seguro y eficaz a corto-medio plazo(AU)

OBJECTIVES: To present the minimally invasive management of an annular ureteric valve causing upper urinary tract obstruction.METHODS: A case report description: endourological technique and medium-term results with review of the published reports.RESULTS: A 12 year old patient with right flank pain was attended. Ultrasound showed right ureterohydronephrosis with conserved parenchyma. Uro-MRI (axial plane) showed dilation down to the middle of the right ureter with a filling defect, without extrinsic compression. Ureterorenoscopy showed a ureteral valve that was resected by holmium laser. Ureteral stent was maintained for 3 weeks. Twelve months after treatment patient has no symptoms and the following ultrasounds did not reveal right ureterohydronephrosis.CONCLUSIONS: Obstructive ureteral valve resection by endourological treatment using a Dornier holmium laser is a safe and effective minimally invasive method according to short and medium term results(AU)

Megalouretra congénita asociada a reflujo bilateral masivo / Congenital megalourethra associated with massive bilateral reflux

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[Endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in pediatric patients with the diagnosis of neurogenic bladder. Results and long-term outcome]. / Tratamiento endoscópico del reflujo vésicoureteral en pacientes pediátricos diagnosticados de vejiga neurógena. Resultados y evolución a largo plazo.

OBJECTIVES: To know the results, complications and outcomes of eight patients with the diagnosis of neurogenic bladder (NB) who underwent vesicoureteral reflux surgery by subureteral injection of inert substances, trying to precise its indication in the therapeutic scheme for neurogenic bladder dysfunction. METHODS: Retrospective review of the results and complications recorded during follow-up in eight pediatric patients with NB secondary to various pathologies and the diagnosis of VUR treated by subureteral injection of Teflon paste (1 case), polydimethylsiloxane (6) and dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer (1). RESULTS: In 8 (72.7%) of the 11 ureters treated VUR was cured after first injection. VUR stopped after second endoscopic treatment in 2 of the 3 ureters with persistent VUR. The efficacy of endoscopic treatment after second injection achieved 90.9%. In 2 unilateral cases we observed contralateral VUR, which cured in one case after endoscopic treatment and the other one followed a conservative scheme. Over the follow-up period (Mean FU time 51.8 +/- 28.5 months) 4 cases presented complications. VUR recurred in two: in one contralateral VUR was detected 19 months after first treatment, the other one presented bilateral ureterohydronephrosis with recurrent urinary tract infections and required augmentation cystoplasty. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic treatment is an effective option when choosing surgical treatment for VUR in a patient with neurogenic bladder. It is necessary to follow the long-term outcome of patients after surgery, mainly those with abnormal bladder capacity and compliance and active or dyssynergic urethra due to the possibility of recurrence of the VUR.

Tratamiento endoscópico del reflujo vésicoureteral en pacientes pediátricos diagnosticados de vejiga neurógena. Resultados y evolución a largo plazo / Endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in pediatric patients with the diagnosis of neurogenic bladder. Results and long-term outcome

Objetivo: Conocer los resultados, complicaciones y la evolución de ocho pacientes diagnosticados de Vejiga neurógena (VN), intervenidos de Reflujo vesicoureteral (RVU) mediante la inyección subureteral de sustancias inertes, intentando precisar su indicación en el esquema terapéutico de la alteración vesical neurógena. Métodos: Revisión retrospectiva de los resultados obtenidos y de las complicaciones evidenciadas durante los controles evolutivos efectuados a ocho pacientes en edad pediátrica con VN secundaria a diferentes patologías, diagnosticados de RVU, tratado mediante inyección subureteral de pasta de teflón (1 caso), polidimetilsiloxano (6) y copolímero de dextranómero y ácido hialurónico (1). Resultados: De los 11 uréteres tratados en 8 (72.7%) el RVU curó después de la primera inyección. De los 3 uréteres con persistencia del RVU, en dos cesó después del segundo tratamiento endoscópico (TE). La eficacia del TE después de la segunda inyección alcanzó el 90.9%. En dos casos unilaterales evidenciamos RVU contralateral que curó mediante TE en uno siguiendo pauta conservadora el segundo. Durante el periodo de seguimiento (tiempo medio: 51.8 +/- 28.5 meses) presentaron complicaciones 4 casos. Reapareció el RVU en dos, observamos RVU contralateral en uno a los 19 meses del primer tratamiento y en otro evidenciamos ureterohidronefrosis bilateral con infecciones urinarias recurrentes que precisó de cistoplastia de aumento. Conclusiones: El TE es una opción eficaz cuando se decide el tratamiento quirúrgico del RVU en un paciente con vejiga neurógena. Es necesario seguir la evolución a largo plazo de los pacientes intervenidos, sobre todo aquellos con capacidad y acomodación vesical alterada y uretra activa o disinérgica, ante la posibilidad de aparición del RVU ya curado (AU)

Objectives: To know the results, complications and outcomes of eight patients with the diagnosis of neurogenic bladder (NB) who underwent vesicoureteral reflux surgery by subureteral injection of inert substances, trying to precise its indication in the therapeutic scheme for neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Methods: Retrospective review of the results and complications recorded during follow-up in eight pediatric patients with NB secondary to various pathologies and the diagnosis of VUR treated by subureteral injection of Teflon paste (1 case), polydimethylsiloxane (6) and dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer (1). Results: In 8 (72.7%) of the 11 ureters treated VUR was cured after first injection. VUR stopped after second endoscopic treatment in 2 of the 3 ureters with persistent VUR. The efficacy of endoscopic treatment after second injection achieved 90.9%. In 2 unilateral cases we observed contralateral VUR, which cured in one case after endoscopic treatment and the other one followed a conservative scheme. Over the follow-up period (Mean FU time 51.8+/- 28.5 months) 4 cases presented complications. VUR recurred in two: in one contralateral VUR was detected 19 months after first treatment, the other one presented bilateral ureterohydronephrosis with recurrent urinary tract infections and required augmentation cystoplasty. Conclusions: Endoscopic treatment is an effective option when choosing surgical treatment for VUR in a patient with neurogenic bladder. It is necessary to follow the long-term outcome of patients after surgery, mainly those with abnormal bladder capacity and compliance and active or dyssynergic urethra due to the possibility of recurrence of the VUR (AU)

[Epididymal cysts in childhood]. / Quistes epididimarios en la infancia.

OBJECTIVES: To retrospectively review all cases of epididymal cysts registered over the last five years; 15 cases have been included. Simple epididymal cysts are a rare pathology in childhood, being most of them diagnosed in puberty. Currently, due to the scarce case series, there is not consensus about the most adequate therapy. METHODS/RESULTS: Mean age at presentation was 11.5 yr. (1-16). 50% were diagnosed incidentally and 29% presented increased scrotal size. 46% of the cases had associated left varicocele (n = 6) and 26% had history of orchiepididymitis. Diagnosis was based on physical examination and confirmed by ultrasound. 40% of the patients underwent surgery and the remainder received conservative treatment without evidence of complications on follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the benign character and good evolution of all cases of epididymal cysts treated conservatively and the absence of benefit after surgical treatment, we believe that management should be conservative with clinical and ultrasound controls, leaving surgery for cysts with complications. The frequent association between epididymal cysts and varicocele is related to coincidence of both pathologies in the prepuberal age.

Quistes epididimarios en la infancia / Epididymal cysts in childhood

OBJETIVO: Hemos realizado una revisiónretrospectiva de los casos atendidos en los últimos 5años; se han recogido un total de 15 casos. Los quistessimples de epidídimo son patología poco frecuenteen la infancia diagnosticándose la mayoría en la pubertad.Actualmente y debido a la escasa casuística noexiste consenso en la terapéutica más adecuada.METODOS/RESULTADOS: La edad media de presentaciónfue de 11,5 años (1-16).El 50% fueron diagnosticadosde forma incidental y un 29% cursó conaumento de tamaño escrotal. El 46% de los casos presentabanvaricocele izquierdo asociado (n=6) y un26% presentaba antecedentes de orquiepididimitis. Eldiagnóstico se basó en la exploración física con con-firmación ecográfica. Un 40 % fue tratado quirúrgicamentey el resto fue subsidiario de tratamiento conservadorsin constatarse la presencia de complicacionesen estos en los controles posteriores.CONCLUSIONES: Dada la benignidad y la buenaevolución de todos los casos de quistes de epidídimotratados de forma conservadora, y la ausencia debeneficio con el tratamiento quirúrgico, creemos que eltratamiento debe ser conservador con controles clínicosy ecográficos reservando el tratamiento quirúrgico paraaquellos quistes que presenten complicaciones. La frecuenteasociación encontrada entre el quiste epididimarioy el varicocele responde a una coincidencia deambas patologías en la edad peripuberal

OBJECTIVES: To retrospectively review all cases of epididymal cysts registered over the last five years; 15 cases have been included. Simple epididymal cysts are a rare pathology in childhood, being most of them diagnosed in puberty. Currently, due to the scarce case series, there is not consensus about the most adequate therapy. METHODS/RESULTS: Mean age at presentation was 11.5 yr. (1-16). 50% were diagnosed incidentally and 29% presented increased scrotal size. 46% of the cases had associated left varicocele (n = 6) and 26% had history of orchiepididymitis. Diagnosis was based on physical examination and confirmed by ultrasound. 40% of the patients underwent surgery and the remainder received conservative treatment without evidence of complications on follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the benign character and good evolution of all cases of epididymal cysts treated conservatively and the absence of benefit after surgical treatment, we believe that management should be conservative with clinical and ultrasound controls, leaving surgery for cysts with complications. The frequent association between epididymal cysts and varicocele is related to coincidence of both pathologies in the prepuberal age

The use of neural networks for predicting the result of endoscopic treatment for vesico-ureteric reflux.

OBJECTIVE: To create an artificial neural network (ANN) to aid in predicting the results of endoscopic treatment for vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: During 1999-2001 we used endoscopic treatment in 261 ureteric units with VUR of all grades and causes. An ANN based on multilayer perceptron architecture was created using an 11 x 6 x 1 structure, taking the following as variables: the cause and grade of VUR, the patient's age and sex, the type of implanted substance and its volume, the number of treatments, the affected ureter, the endoscopic findings, and the type of cystography used. In all, 174 cases were used as training samples for the ANN and 87 to validate it. We calculated the sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV), and the success rate (%) of the system. RESULTS: In the training group the ANN gave a sensitivity of 86.4%, a specificity of 89.5%, a PPV of 76% and NPV of 94%, with a success rate of 88.6%. In the same training group logistic regression (LR) gave respective values of 68.2%, 58.8%, 39%, 82.7% and 61.4%. In the validation group the respective values for the ANN were 71.4%, 81.6%, 58.8%, 88.6% and 78.9%, and in the same validation group the LR gave 64.4%, 50%, 32.1%, 79.2% and 53.9%. The Wilcoxon test confirmed the independence of both methods (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The ANN is an effective tool for assisting the urologist in indicating and applying endoscopic treatments for VUR.

[Encrusted pyelitis in a transplanted kidney]. / Pielitis incrustante en riñón trasplantado.

OBJECTIVES: To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis of encrusted pyelitis in kidney transplant patients. METHODS: We report one case of encrusted pyelitis in a 10-year-old girl with a kidney graft who was treated by means of nephrostomy tube irrigation with an acidifier liquid substance. RESULTS: After 16 days of treatment there was a significant decrease of the size of the calcified pyelic plaque, keeping a good renal function afterwards. CONCLUSIONS: This disease should be thought of in every case of kidney transplant patient with negative urine cultures and alkaline pH, and the microbiologist should be alerted of the possibility of urinary tract infection by Corynebacterium.

Pielitis incrustante en riñón trasplantado / Encrusted pyelitis in a transplanted kidney

OBJETIVO: Destacar la importancia del diagnóstico precoz de la pielitis incrustante (PI) en pacientes trasplantados renales. MÉTODO: Presentamos un caso de PI en una niña de 10 años portadora de injerto renal que tratamos mediante irrigación por nefrostomía de una substancia líquida acidificante. RESULTADOS: Tras 16 días de tratamiento se produjo una disminución del tamaño de la placa piélica calcificada, manteniéndose una buena función renal en la evolución posterior. CONCLUSION: En todos los pacientes trasplantados renales con urinocultivos negativos y pH alcalino debemos pensar en esta patología y comunicar al microbiólogo la posibilidad de infección urinaria por Corynebacteriun. (AU)

[Urachal diverticuli. Diagnosis and treatment]. / Divertículos de uraco. Diagnóstico y tratamiento.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the utility of different diagnostic imaging techniques in diverticulum of the urachus and discuss the approach in the incidentally discovered cases such as those detected due to infectious complications. METHODS/RESULTS: We reviewed the literature, with special reference to the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of diverticula of the urachus. A case that presented with urinary infection and omphalitis, with the characteristic radiological findings, that resolved after surgical treatment and previous antibiotic therapy, is also described. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound is useful in the initial evaluation of patients with signs of periumbilical inflammation. If a urachal diverticulum is diagnosed, retrograde cystourethrography should be performed to rule out associated genitourinary pathology or lower urinary tract obstruction. In cases discovered incidentally, we underscore the importance of elective surgery to excise the diverticulum since it could progress to malignancy. In cases with infectious complications, bladder catheterization and antibiotic treatment before performing subsequent elective surgery offer advantages over primary excision. For young patients, we advocate performing the Pfannenstiel incision. This approach offers excellent visualization and exposure of the entire urachus with a minimum surgical scar.

Divertículos de uraco. Diagnóstico y tratamiento / Diverticulum of the urachus: Diagnosis and treatment

OBJETIVO: Establecer la utilidad de las distintas exploraciones radiológicas en el diagnóstico de los divertículos de uraco y discutir la mejor actitud terapéutica tanto en los casos hallados incidentalmente como en aquellos diagnosticados a partir de una complicación infecciosa. MÉTODOS Y RESULTADO: Realizamos una revisión bibliográfica en la que se evalúan las particularidades del manejo diagnóstico-terapéutico de los divertículos de uraco. Presentamos además un caso que debutó con infección urinaria y onfalitis, con hallazgos radiológicos característicos, y resuelto quirúrgicamente después de un período de enfriamiento con antibióticos. CONCLUSIONES: Establecemos la utilidad de la ecografía como primera exploración a realizar ante un paciente con signos inflamatorios periumbilicales. Si se diagnostica un divertículo de uraco, debe practicarse una cistouretrografía retrógrada para descartar patología genito-urinaria asociada u obstrucción del tracto urinario inferior. En los casos hallados incidentalmente, subrayamos la importancia de plantear cirugía programada para su extirpación, dadas las posibilidades de malignización tardía. Cuando se presentan con una complicación infecciosa insistimos en las ventajas del cateterismo vesical y tratamiento antibiótico seguido de excisión diferida, frente a la excisión primaria. En pacientes de corta edad, proponemos la incisión de Pfannenstiel como una vía con buena exposición de todo el uraco y una cicatriz poco visible (AU)

Nefronía lobar aguda. Presentación de un caso en la edad pediátrica / Lobar nephronia in a child : A case report

OBJETIVOS: Aportación de un caso de nefronía lobar aguda en la infancia. MÉTODO: Presentamos un caso de nefronía lobar aguda en un niño de 10 años. Se comentan los aspectos clínicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos. RESULTADOS: La nefronía lobar aguda o nefritis bacteriana aguda focal es una forma poco frecuente de pielonefritis que puede afectar tanto a adultos como a pacientes en edad pediátrica. Son escasos los casos publicados durante la infancia. Es necesario el uso de técnicas de imagen no sólo para su diagnóstico sino para diferenciarla de otras patologías como los abscesos y otras masas renales de distinto tratamiento. CONCLUSIONES: Destacamos la ecografía como la técnica radiológica de elección en el diagnóstico y en el control evolutivo de la misma (AU)

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