RESUMO
Body mass is one of the most important phenotypic attributes in animal ecology and life history. This trait is widely used in the fields of ecology and macroevolution, since it influences physiology, morphological functions, and a myriad of ecological and social interactions. In this data set, our aim was to gather a comprehensive bird and mammal body mass data set from northern South America. We report body mass, discriminated by sex, for 42,022 individual birds and 7,441 mammals representing 1,317 bird species (69% of Colombia's avifauna) and 270 mammal species (51% of Colombian mammals) from the Neotropics. The data were sourced from vouchers collected between 1942 and 2020 and from individuals captured and released at banding stations over the last two decades for birds (2000-2020) and the last decade for mammals (2010-2020), by 10 research groups and institutions in Colombia. This data set fills gaps identified in other similar databases, as it focuses on northern South America, a highly diverse Neotropical region often underrepresented in morphological data sets. We provide wide taxonomic coverage for studies interested in information both at regional and local scales. There are no copyright restrictions; the present data paper should be appropriately cited when data are used for publication. The authors would appreciate learning about research projects, teaching exercises, and other uses given to this data set and are open to contribute in further collaborations using these data.
RESUMO
Resumen La composición de especies de hepáticas sobre los Andes del Norte varía con la altitud en relación con diferentes factores bióticos (vegetación) y abióticos (temperatura, humedad y luminosidad). Para probar esta afirmación se determinó la diversidad y distribución de las Marchantiophytas en un rango altitudinal entre los 2 400 y 3 400 m sobre la Cordillera Oriental colombiana, estableciendo cómo éstas varían entre altitudes y zonas de vida con respecto a los factores abióticos. Se realizaron muestreos cada 200 m y se registraron datos ambientales durante un año. Se encontraron 162 especies, la composición de hepáticas varió a lo largo del gradiente altitudinal con un gran número de especies únicas en cada altitud. Se encontró la máxima diversidad en los 3 000 m, con una dominancia del hábito folioso y de especies epifitas, mientras que la mayor riqueza de familias y géneros se presentó entre los 3 200 y 3 400 m. Anoplolejeunea conferta presentó la mayor cobertura en la zona así como el mayor valor del índice de valor de importancia (IVI) y distribución altitudinal más amplia, ubicándose desde los 2 400 hasta 3 000 m en cuatro diferentes sustratos. Las hepáticas se distribuyeron altitudinalmente de manera diferencial, con una diversidad beta alta (0.864) debido al recambio altitudinal de especies, con más del 30 % de disimilaría en la composición de especies cada 200 m altitudinales, dependiendo principalmente de cambios en la luminosidad. Consecuentemente, la temperatura, humedad y luminosidad y su relación con la vegetación son determinantes en la diversidad y distribución de las hepáticas en la Cordillera Oriental de los Andes colombianos.
Abstract The species composition of liverworts varies with altitude in the Northern part of the Andes due to the relationship of biotic (vegetation) and abiotic factors (temperature, humidity, and sunlight brightness). In order to test this affirmation we determined the diversity, species composition, abundance, and distribution of species of Marchantiophyta in an altitudinal range from 2 400 to 3 400 m on the Colombian Cordillera Oriental, and established how these vary with altitude and life-zones, regarding abiotic factors. Samples, taken every 200 m in the altitudinal range, and environmental data were registered during a year. We found 162 species, the composition of liverworts varied throughout the altitudinal gradient with a high number of unique species in each altitude. The maximum diversity was found at 3 000 m, along with a dominance of leafy habit and epiphytic species, while the higher richness of families and genera was found between 3 200 and 3 400 m. Anoplolejeunea conferta had the largest value of coverage in the zone, the highest value of importance value index (IVI), and the widest altitudinal distribution, from 2 400 to 3 000 m in four different substrates. The liverworts were distributed differently with altitude, we found a high beta diversity (0.864) due to the replacement of species, with more that 30 % of dissimilarity in species composition every 200 altitudinal meters, mainly depending on sunlight brightness variation. Accordingly, we found that abiotic factors like temperature, humidity, and sunlight brightness and its relationship vegetation are determinant in the diversity and altitudinal distribution of liverworts in the study area. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 559-570. Epub 2018 June 01.
