RESUMO
Behçet's disease (BD) is a vascular disorder affecting a variety of organ systems. It is an auto-immune disease with inflammatory vasculitis that is systemic in nature, the exact etiology of which is unknown. Obliterative vasculitis, recurrent aphthous ulcers, mucocutaneous manifestations, recurrent genital ulcerations, and intraocular inflammation, especially chronic relapsing uveitis, are the characteristic features of BD. The case report presents a unique manifestation of BD in a 20-year-old Pakistani male who presents with a one-year-old history of viral encephalitis, after which he developed a blurring of vision. On examination, he had recurrent aphthous ulcers, recurrent ulcerations of genitalia, and a history of lesions of the skin. After making the patient undergo a cascade of investigations for evaluating and assessing the various signs and symptoms, a diagnosis of BD with bilateral panuveitis and a full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) in the right eye was established. Immuno-suppressants, steroids, and azathioprine were used as treatment options, following which the state of remission was attained.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To find the causes of amblyopia in patients 4 to 14 years old attending out patient Ophthalmology department of Khyber teaching Hospital Peshawar. METHODS: In this prospective cohort hospital based study 200 children aged 4-14 years were studied over a period of 12 months from December 2005 to November 2006 in outpatient department of Ophthalmology, Khyber Teaching Hospital. Visual acuity was checked with Snellen's and Lea symbols depending on level of cooperation of patient. Cycloplegic refraction and orthoptic assessment was performed on all patients. Amblyopia was classified as strabismic, anisometropic, combined and stimulus deprivation. Treatment consisted of optical correction, patching, atropinization and surgery. RESULTS: Out of 200 patients 126 (63%) were male and 74 (37%) were female, 114 (57%) were in age group 4-9 years while 86 (43%) were between 10-14 years. Strabismic amblyopia was present in 110 (55%), Anisometropic amblyopia in 42 (21%), combined mechanism amblyopia in 32 (16%), ammetropia in 12 (6%) and stimulus deprivation amblyopia in 4 (2%) Binocularity could not be assessed in 16 (8%), was present in 38 (19%) and absent in 148 (73%). CONCLUSION: Amblyopia was more common in males than females. Most of the children presented in younger age group of 4-9 years. Strabismic amblyopia was the most common cause of amblyopia. Amblyopia was more common in esotropes than exotropes. Half of the patients had moderate amblyopia, while the remaining were suffering from either mild or severe amblyopia. Binocularity was absent in 73% of the patients
