[Hygienic estimation of functional reserves and adaptive capabilities of students].

In the article there are presented data on characteristics ofpeculiarities of the functional state of medical 1-6 years students of higher educational institutions. The results were obtained with the aid of variation pulsometry. Students were shown to have typical elevated tone of the sympathetic nervous system, especially for students of the 1, 3, 5 and 6 courses, that is confirmed by the amplitude mode (AMo), characterizing the sympathetic activity of autonomous nervous system (ANS), which is an average of the students 1 year accounted for 38.6 ± 1.89%, for students of the 3 course - 38.5 ± 1.72%, for students of the 5 year (40.9 ± 3.25 %) and the students of 6 course (46.7 ± 2.59%). There was determined the trend to the centralization of the heart rate control, as evidenced by a reduced proportion of high-frequency waves (HF) by 29.2% to 35.2%, exceeding by 3.6 to 14.4 times in waves of the very low frequency (VLF) relative to the average standard values; the high proportion of students from 41% to 52%, with a mismatch of the sympathetic and parasympathetic compartments of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of biological processes of adaptation. For medical students of higher education institutions there are typical functional reserves reduced from 20.5 % to 97.6% and a decrease in the proportion of students with a satisfactory adaptation by 40.4% from the 1 to the 6th year.

[Evaluation of occupational risk for health of operators of petrochemical production and their physiological and hygienic stipulation].

The modernization of the technological process in the petrochemical industry has reduced the degree of influence of adverse factors of the production environment, but not eliminated the adverse impact of industrial environmental factors on the health ofworkers. Factors failed to meet hygienic standards in the workplace of operators were shown to be are electromagnetic radiation, chemicals (ammonium, nitrogen dioxide), industrial lighting. In addition operators ' work is characterized by high intensity of the labor process. Therewithal the labor of operators is characterized by the high intensity of the working process. For the operators ofpetroleum industry there is typical the risk from the combined exposure of the complex of chemical substances and noise, this risk proves both to be both potentially dangerous and increase in dependence on doses offactors and length of service. The level of individual professional risk in 32% of the operators is high; risk group for the profession is defined as high. In most cases, in operators of both small and long experience there was established the decline in the functional state of the central nervous system, the predominance of sympathetic tone in the regulation of adaptive processes, reduced reactivity of the autonomic nervous system and the more the length of service among operators the more the number of cases with poor adaptation and its breakdown.

[The comparative characteristic of immune status of males with bacterial inflammatory urogenital pathology of different etiology in the city of Orenburg].

The article discusses presence of typical characteristics of parameters of system immunity under gonococcal and nonspecific uretroprostatitis and diagnostic value of these indicators. The reliable differences of immunologic indicators in patients with gonorrhea are established as compared to patients with nonspecific bacterial uretroprostatitis. The study established in peripheral blood the reliable decrease of level of leukocytes, relative amount of monocytes, phagocyte index, functional reserve of leukocytes at the expense of spontaneous and stimulated NBT test, IgA, sIgA. On the contrary, the study detected increasing of level of IgM and lactoferrin in patients with gonorrhea as compared to corresponding indicators in patients nonspecific infections. Under gonorrhea, the largest deviation of indicators from standard values was established for lactoferrin. The detected differences of immunologic parameters can be used as differentiating markers of nonspecific and gonococcal uretroprostatitis and criteria of effectiveness of immune correction.

[Ecological problems of reproductive health].

In the article there are presented the current literature data on environmentally determined reproductive pathology Ecology dependent pathological processes cause the reduction in fertility, the increase of the risk of gestational complications, the risk of low birth weight infants, miscarriage. In a situation of ecological trouble maintenance the health of the female as reproductive potential of nation, is possible only with identification, quantitative parameterization of risks for reproductive health and regional specification of programmes for the social and hygienic monitoring and preventive measures.

[Risk factors for violations of the fertility in men living in urban areas].

The immunocytokine status of the reproductive tract was evaluated in men with different forms of gonorrhea, who lived in the urbanized areas of the Orenburg Region. The typical form of gonorrhea, which is a risk for infertility, is accompanied by the reduced levels of lysozyme and IL-10 and the increase content of lactoferrin and proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, Ibeta-6, and IL-8 in the ejaculate.

[Organization of medical and psycho-educational services for first-grader's under condition of gymnasium education secondary education].

In this paper a model of organization of medical-psychological-pedagogical service for first graders not ready for systematic teaching in secondary education has been suggested. The results of study of the effectiveness of the introduction of medical, psychological and educational services in school are presented. Based on the dynamics of the autonomic balance, and functional reserve of biological adaptation in children at risk--not ready for medical and psycho-physiological criteria for the systematic training the need for such services on the basis of modern educational institutions has been proven in order to prevent deterioration of the health of students.

[Hygienic characteristics of nutrition of pupils at general educational establishments].

In article results of studying of structure of a food, the food allowances, organized on the basis of educational institutions, diets of an actual daily food, and also the data of the laboratory analysis of qualitative structure of school breakfasts of pupils of educational institutions of the Orenburg area and the Seamarks district are presented. The obtained data testifies that a food of city and rural schoolchildren proves to be both age and gender irrational and inappropriate.

[Characteristics of the biochemical status of urban versus rural general educational school pupils].

The paper gives the results of a study of the biochemical status of general educational school pupils in Orenburg and the Sakmarsky District, Orenburg Region. The findings suggest that biochemical abnormalities found in the urban and rural schoolchildren may result from nutrition that is irrational and inadequate in terms of their age and gender.

[Current approaches to making an integral prenosological assessment of the health status of children and adolescents].

The development of methods for evaluating the body's condition upon exposure to different environmental factors is currently a topical problem of hygienic science. The quantitative characteristics of the body's adaptive and reserve capacities are gaining in more and more importance. In this connection, a total of 2560 children aged 8-10 years were examined. An integral assessment enables identification of 4 types of adaptive and functional capacities in children.

[Functional asymmetry of cerebral hemispheres as an indicator of choosing a learning program for a child].

The paper provides the results of studying the functional interhemispheric asymmetry of the brain in junior schoolchildren and gymnasia pupils, the specific features of which have been studied by variational chronoreflexometry. The findings indicate the specific features of the interhemispheric asymmetry of the brain, which are likely to be associated with ontogenetic processes on the one hand, and determined by the academic load and the educational program in pupils on the other. About a half the primary pupils had an equal-hemispheric type of cerebral functional asymmetry. By age of 10 years, the changes of the leading modality asymmetry associated with the type of interhenispheric asymmetry suggested the significant actualization of the left hemisphere in the gymnasia pupils.

[Effects of trivalent antimony on the rat hormonal status under experimental conditions].

The paper gives the data of experimental studies of oral trivalent antimony used at 1 and 20 maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) on the rat hormonal status. The findings are indicative of the specific features of changes in the hormonal status of experimental animals depending on the dose of trivalent antimony. The concentration of trivalent antimony at the level of 20 MPC is shown to act as a role of a reprotoxic agent that causes a change in the serum content of hormones, such as follicle-stimulating and luteinizing ones.

[Hygienic evaluation of meals organization and alimentary state of workers engaged into gas processing industry].

The article deals with influence of actual nutrition on body functioning of gas-processing enterprise workers. The authors present results of actual nutrition, workers alimentary state evaluations.

[Detection of children's adaptation in prenosological diagnosis].

The paper gives the results of studying the adaptability and spare capacities of children, by evaluating the functional state of the major systems of their organism and the mental state of a child. The findings suggest that the schoolchildren have low functional and spare capacities. The children's dysadaptation to environmental conditions was followed by reductions in the tension index of regulatory systems, in the functional capacities of the pupils, and in the functional state of the central nervous system. Most children with poor adaptation and disturbances of adaptive mechanisms were observed to have no chronic diseases, which required measures to reveal adaptive disorders and to correct their health status.

[The half-board is a current model for formation of the health-preseving environment for junior schoolchildren].

The investigations have established that the hygienically founded organization of schooling and extraschool performance of gymnasia pupils levels increase educational and psychoemotional burdens. The contents and structure of a half-board have been developed and substantiated as a current health formation system for junior schoolchildren in the innovational institutions. The introduction of the structural elements of a half-board into a gymnasium provides an efficient organization of a teaching-and-educational process and vital activity in junior schoolchildren, which in turn promotes better adaptability and qualitative academic achievement in the pupils.

[The physical development and psychophysiological status of children born to mothers engaged in gas-chemical industry].

The study has ascertained that the adaptive capacities of the body reflect the level of its health and the resistance to the influence of environmental factors. The organism of a child and his/her functional capacities of the basic systems may be regarded as an indicator of the quality of life in a mother exposed to poor factors of gas-chemical industry; and there is likely to be a long-term impact of gas-processing factors on the child through the maternal body.

[Influence of a combination of environmental factors on elementary school children]. / Vliianie kompleksa faktorov okruzhaiushchei sredy na organizm uchashchikhsia mladshikh klassov.

Three-year ecological, hygienic, and physiological studies of the influence of a combination of environmental factors on the functional status in 510 junior schoolchildren have established that the leading determinants of the formation of the habitat of junior schoolchildren from the educational establishments under study are the irrational organization of a learning process, poor educational conditions, sociohygienic living conditions and lifestyle in the family, the level of environmental pollution. Dispersion and factorial analyses have established that there is a relationship between the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of these factors, as well as between the performance of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems and the increase in the incidence of diseases in the pupils. The findings may be used to draw up research-and-practical recommendations on the optimization of training of junior pupils on organizing gymnasium-type education and on their health promotion whose introduction will increase the reserve capacities of the children and preserve their health.