Diagnostic Yield of Computed Tomography-Guided Procedures for Spondylodiscitis.

PURPOSE: To identify the diagnostic yield and predictive factors for microbiological diagnosis in patients with spondylodiscitis through computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy or aspiration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of 102 patients with suspected spondylodiscitis who underwent CT-guided procedures in an 8-year period was conducted. Analyzed variables were demographic data, C-reactive protein, pre-biopsy MRI findings, prior antibiotic use, site of biopsy/aspiration, histopathological findings, culture results and radiation dose. RESULTS: The culture yield among all sites was 56%, 85.6% for paravertebral/discal fluid aspiration, 66.7% for disk-only biopsy, 52.9% for paravertebral soft tissue biopsy, and 39.6% for endplate bone-disk unit. Patients with paravertebral/disk collection on MRI had better yields when submitted to fluid aspiration instead of biopsy of other sites (78.9% vs. 36.6%; p = 0,006). Pyogenic etiology corresponded to 68.3% of cases and Staphylococcus aureus was the most common agent. Prior antibiotics exposure was associated with a lower yield (66.2% vs. 40.9%, p = 0,016). CONCLUSIONS: CT-guided procedures are safe and well-tolerated in patients with suspected spondylodiscitis, with good microbiologic yield particularly in the presence of paravertebral/discal abscess.

Liver transplantation and expanded Milan criteria: does it really work?

CONTEXT: Orthotopic liver transplantation is an excellent treatment approach for hepatocellular carcinoma in well-selected candidates. Nowadays some institutions tend to Expand the Milan Criteria including tumor with more than 5 cm and also associate with multiple tumors none larger than 3 cm in order to benefit more patients with the orthotopic liver transplantation. METHODS: The data collected were based on the online database PubMED. The key words applied on the search were "expanded Milan criteria" limited to the period from 2000 to 2009. We excluded 19 papers due to: irrelevance of the subject, lack of information and incompatibility of the language (English only). We compiled patient survival and tumor recurrence free rate from 1 to 5-years in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma submitted to orthotopic liver transplantation according to expanded the Milan criteria from different centers. RESULTS: Review compiled data from 23 articles. Fourteen different criteria were found and they are also described in detail, however the University of California - San Francisco was the most studied one among them. CONCLUSION: Expanded the Milan criteria is a useful attempt for widening the preexistent protocol for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in waiting-list for orthotopic liver transplantation. However there is no significant difference in patient survival rate and tumor recurrence free rate from those patients that followed the Milan criteria.

Liver transplantation and expanded Milan criteria: does it really work? / Transplante de fígado e critérios de Milão expandidos: isto realmente funciona?

CONTEXT: Orthotopic liver transplantation is an excellent treatment approach for hepatocellular carcinoma in well-selected candidates. Nowadays some institutions tend to Expand the Milan Criteria including tumor with more than 5 cm and also associate with multiple tumors none larger than 3 cm in order to benefit more patients with the orthotopic liver transplantation. METHODS: The data collected were based on the online database PubMED. The key words applied on the search were "expanded Milan criteria" limited to the period from 2000 to 2009. We excluded 19 papers due to: irrelevance of the subject, lack of information and incompatibility of the language (English only). We compiled patient survival and tumor recurrence free rate from 1 to 5-years in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma submitted to orthotopic liver transplantation according to expanded the Milan criteria from different centers. RESULTS: Review compiled data from 23 articles. Fourteen different criteria were found and they are also described in detail, however the University of California - San Francisco was the most studied one among them. CONCLUSION: Expanded the Milan criteria is a useful attempt for widening the preexistent protocol for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in waiting-list for orthotopic liver transplantation. However there is no significant difference in patient survival rate and tumor recurrence free rate from those patients that followed the Milan criteria.

CONTEXTO: Em pacientes bem selecionados, o transplante ortotópico de fígado é um excelente tratamento para pacientes com carcinoma hepatocelular. Algumas instituições atualmente tendem a expandir os critérios de Milão. São os chamados Critérios de Milão Expandidos, que incluem tumores maiores do que 5 cm e também aqueles associados com múltiplos tumores, não maiores do que 3 cm, a fim de beneficiar o maior número possível de pacientes submetidos ao transplante ortotópico de fígado. MÉTODOS: Os dados foram coletados na base de dados do PubMED. A palavra-chave para procura foi Critérios de Milão expandidos, no período de 2000 a 2009. Foram excluídos 19 trabalhos devido à falta de dados de sobrevida e à recurrência tumoral, não compatíveis com a língua inglesa e fora do assunto em questão. Foram analisadas a sobrevida do paciente e a taxa de recurrência do tumor de 1 a 5 anos de pacientes submetidos ao transplante hepático com critérios de Milão expandidos em diferentes centros internacionais. RESULTADOS: Esta revisão agregou 23 trabalhos. Catorze diferentes critérios foram encontrados e descritos em detalhes. No entanto, os critérios da Universidade da Califórnia em São Francisco foram os mais estudados entre todos os analisados. CONCLUSÃO: Os Critérios de Milão Expandidos são úteis para ampliar os protocolos para adesão de doentes na lista de espera para transplante de fígado, não havendo diferença significante na sobrevida do doente e nem na taxa livre de recurrência tumoral quando comparados aos critérios de Milão.