Erratum: Potassium intake is associated with nutritional quality and actual diet cost: a study at formulating a low sodium high potassium (LSHP) healthy diet - CORRIGENDUM.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.104.].

Neonatal mortality in two districts in Indonesia: Findings from Neonatal Verbal and Social Autopsy (VASA).

BACKGROUND: The Government of Indonesia is determined to follow global commitments to reduce the neonatal mortality rate. Yet, there is a paucity of information on contributing factors and causes of neonatal deaths, particularly at the sub-national level. This study describes care-seeking during neonates' fatal illnesses and their causes of death. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional community-based study to identify all neonatal deaths in Serang and Jember Districts, Indonesia. Follow-up interviews were conducted with the families of deceased neonates using an adapted verbal and social autopsy instrument. Cause of death was determined using the InSilicoVA algorithm. RESULTS: The main causes of death of 259 neonates were prematurity (44%) and intrapartum-related events (IPRE)-mainly birth asphyxia (39%). About 83% and 74% of the 259 neonates were born and died at a health facility, respectively; 79% died within the first week after birth. Of 70 neonates whose fatal illness began at home, 59 (84%) sought care during the fatal illness. Forty-eight of those 59 neonates went to a formal care provider; 36 of those 48 neonates (75%) were moderately or severely ill when the family decided to seek care. One hundred fifteen of 189 neonates (61%) whose fatal illnesses began at health facilities were born at a hospital. Among those 115, only 24 (21%) left the hospital alive-of whom 16 (67%) were referred by the hospital. CONCLUSIONS: The high proportion of deaths due to prematurity and IPRE suggests the need for improved management of small and asphyxiated newborns. The moderate to severe condition of neonates at the time when care was sought from home highlights the importance of early illness recognition and appropriate management for sick neonates. Among deceased neonates whose fatal illness began at their delivery hospital, the high proportion of referrals may indicate issues with hospital capability, capacity, and/or cost.

Potassium intake is associated with nutritional quality and actual diet cost: a study at formulating a low sodium high potassium (LSHP) healthy diet.

Increasing potassium and reducing sodium intake have been identified as a priority intervention to reduce non-communicable diseases. A low sodium high potassium (LSHP) healthy diet can be a predictor of overall dietary quality and is associated with higher diet costs. The present study was a randomised controlled-feeding trial, formulating menus of low sodium and potassium-rich healthy diet and comparing with usual diet (a control diet based on typical Indonesian diet) to assess the association of potassium intake in the menus with other nutritional contents and diet cost. Totally seventy menus, which consisted of LSHP diets and the usual diets for a 7-d cycle, were composed from the analysis of the Indonesian food composition database. The correlation coefficient of the potassium content of all menus with nutritional quality and diet cost was analysed using the Pearson test. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the most important nutrient in determining diet cost. A comparison of nutrition quality and diet cost from the two menus was analysed using the independent t-test. LSHP diet had significantly higher carbohydrate, protein, fibre, magnesium, calcium, vitamin C, potassium density and diet cost but lower total fat, saturated fat and energy density than the usual diet (P < 0⋅05). Furthermore, there was a strong positive correlation between fibre, potassium and diet cost (coefficient correlation of >0⋅8). Potassium is a nutrient that is closely related to diet quality although the cost of the diet often may inhibit its intake. A targeted and effective strategy is required to provide affordable food for achieving a sustainable nutrient-rich diet.

Self-efficacy in physical activity and glycemic control among older adults with diabetes in Jagir Subdistrict, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Diabetes in older adults has shown an increase in prevalence, especially in urban areas of Indonesia. This study aimed to assess the relationship between self-efficacy in physical activity and glycemic control in older adults' population with diabetes mellitus in Indonesia. This research used cross sectional design that involved 52 adults with diabetes, aged between 55-90 years old who regularly attended the older adult's health post (Posyandu Lansia) at Jagir Sub-district, Surabaya. Those who had physical disabilities were excluded from the study. Questionnaires were used to measure the physical activity and two types of self-efficacy whilst the glycemic control was measured using HbA1c in basal condition. The relationship between the variables was tested using Pearson and partial correlation test. Results show that the level of physical activity was insufficient (216.4 ± 343.5 MET) with only 32.7% (N = 17) of the participants was categorized as being physically active. The mean of the HbA1c indicated poor glycaemic control (8.63 ± 2.34%) with majority of them (76.9%, N = 40) was in the poor glycaemic control group (HbA1c ≥ 6.5%). Their self-efficacy was at the average level (Against the barriers:52.65 ± 13.23; Engage in physical activity: 59.06 ± 26.2). The self-efficacy in performing the physical activity was found significantly related to the duration of physical activity (r = 0.278, p = 0.046). Other relationships, however, were not significant (p > 0.05). In conclusion, self-efficacy to engage in physical activity is paramount to increase the physical activity among the older adults. Nevertheless, further longitudinal research on self-efficacy in physical activity management is needed.