Focal dermal hypoplasia (Goltz Syndrome): A preterm neonate with multisystem anomalies-A case report.

Goltz syndrome is a rare condition characterized by thinning of the skin, which leads to the herniation of fat and results in both skin and systemic abnormalities. The primary cause of this syndrome is the mutation of the PORCN gene, which is associated with the X chromosome. A newborn baby was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit due to skeletal and skin abnormalities. The major findings in this patient included anophthalmia, microform cleft lip, subcutaneous fat herniation, and split foot. An abdominal ultrasound examination revealed a solitary right kidney and an echocardiogram showed patent ductus arteriosus. The patient was treated for neonatal sepsis, and the family received counseling about the disease. We report this case because of its exceptional rarity.

Prevalence, Clinical Profile and Risk Factors of Nosocomial Infection in Ayder Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Tigray, Ethiopia.

Background: Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) is a significant cause of increased morbidity and mortality amongst hospitalized patients and represents a considerable health and economic burden worldwide. However, evidence about HAI in pediatric ICU is limited. Objective: To identify the prevalence of hospital-acquired infection (HAI), clinical profile, and its risk factors for nosocomial infection in patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methodology: From a two-year retrospective chart review admitted from 2019 to 2020 to the PICU, 223 patients were selected by systematic random sampling. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 23.0. P-values <0.05 were considered significant for all tests. Results: Forty-five (20.2%) patients developed nosocomial infection (NI). The median age was 4 years with 25-50th IQR of (0.6-9). About invasive procedures done, the most common was nasogastric tube (57%), followed by mechanical ventilation (17.9%) and urinary catheter (13.9%). The main focus of the infection was chest (53.3%), followed by bloodstream infection (22%) and gastrointestinal infection (9%). The odds of HAI were 3.3 times higher among under-five compared to those aged between 5 and 18 years (AOR: 3.3, 95% CI = 1.4-8.0, p = 0.008). The odds of HAI were also 4.1 times higher in those who stayed for more than two weeks compared to those who stayed in the pediatric ICU 2 to 14 days (AOR: 4.1, 95% CI = 2.0-8.6, p < 0.001). The mean duration of mechanical ventilation in those patients with and without NI was 1.65 days and 13.96 days, respectively (AOR = 3.46, 95% CI = 1.44-9.81, p = 0.02). Patients who started antibiotics at admission and patients who were on nasogastric tube feeding were also statistically significant risk factors for developing NI (AOR = 2.67, 95% CI = 1.37-9.64, p = 0.02; AOR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.64-6.53, p = 0.03). Conclusion: The rate of infection in this study was higher compared to some developing countries. Younger age and prolonged length of hospital stay were found to be significant risk factors for HAI.