[Identification and sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs of enterobacteria isolated from patients with suppurative, inflammatory diseases]. / Identifikatsiia i chuvstvitel'nost' k antimikrobnym preparatam énterobakterii, vydelennykh pri gnoino-vospalitel'nykh zabolevaniiakh.

The results of testing 501 specimens of pathological materials containing enterobacteria from 382 patients with various purulent inflammatory diseases treated at the Tashkent Branch of the Research Centre of Surgery in 1989-1991 were analyzed. The findings showed that Enterobacter spp., Escherichia spp. and Proteus spp. played the main role in the etiology of the surgical infections (46.9, 19.4 and 16.2 per cent respectively). Some enterobacteria were tested for their susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs. Enterobacteria resistant to penicillins (81.8-89.9 per cent), aminoglycosides (55.4-75 per cent), tetracyclines (57.1-73.2 per cent), clindamycin (95.7 per cent), rifampicin (87.5 per cent), polymyxin (92.9 per cent) and biseptol (74.6 per cent) were especially frequent. The study showed that claforan, a 3rd generation cephalosporin, and dioxidin were the most active agents despite the species: the number of the isolates resistant to them amounted to 17.9 and 34.7 per cent respectively.

[Aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria isolated from surgical infection patients]. / Aérobnye i fakul'tativno-anaérobnye bakterii, vydelennye ot bol'nykh s khirurgicheskoi infektsiei.

The ecological structure of infections in surgical patients with different postoperative complications (suppurative wounds, abscesses, peritonitis, etc.) and suppurative lung diseases were studied. During the period of 6 years (1975-1980) 5401 samples of clinical material were studied. 1380 samples (25.6%) were sterile, from 2254 samples (41.7%) monocultures were isolated, in 1767 samples (32.7%) microbial associations were detected. Of 5962 isolated cultures, 1816 (30.5%) were Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), 3532 (59.2%) were Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) and 614 (10.6%) were yeastlike fungi. The tendency towards the increase of the role of GNB in the etiology of postoperative complications was observed. Among GNB Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were prevalent (36.2%). In the group of GPB coagulase-negative staphylococci were rather frequently found to be the causative agents of surgical infections.

Nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria and their differentiation from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains and other nonfermenting Gram-negative bacteria isolated from surgical patients and environmental washings at a surgical in-patient department were characterized bacteriologically. The biochemical and cultivation features of 156 P. aeruginosa strains, 35 strains of oxidase-negative and 31 strains of oxidase-positive Gram-negative bacteria other than P. aeruginosa were studied. Nonpigmented P. aeruginosa strains and strains with delayed pigmentation accounted for, respectively, 8.3% and 21.2% of the P. aeruginosa isolates. Deviations other than pigmentation deficiency from typical characteristics of P. aeruginosa cultures included absence of the following activities: Glucose and xylose oxidation, gelatin liguefaction, proteolysis on milk agar and some others. Thirty-five strains of oxidase-negative nonfermenting Gram-negative bacteria were identified as Acinetobacter anitratus (21 strains), Moraxella lwoffi (11 strains) and Pseudomonas maltophilia (3 strains). Oxidase-positive nonfermenting Gram-negative bacteria (31 strains) were mainly represented by Pseudomonas alcaligenes (11 strains) and Pseudomonas cepacia (6 strains). Other species were isolated in individual cases only. The investigation scheme and tests proposed by Gaislerová (1977) allowed identification to species of most of the nonfermenting Gramnegative bacteria isolated.