Explore the therapeutic potential and bioevaluation of giloy leaves (Tinospora cordifolia) powder for the management of type 2 diabetes.

Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) is an important Ayurvedic medication. Numerous illnesses, including general senility, fever, diabetes, dyspepsia, urinary infections, jaundice and skin conditions are treated with it. The biological description and chemical components of cordifolia are critically reviewed in this essay, with a focus on its ayurvedic properties and pharmaceutical applications. The goal of the current study was to investigate the chemical, phytochemical and mineral profile and anti-diabetic potential of giloy leaves powder. The results showed that the moisture content was 6.2%, ash content was 13.12%, crude protein was 17.27% and fiber was 5.5%. While in mineral analysis, sodium was 22.12±1.78, magnesium was 15.78±1.70, calcium was 9.78±1.27, potassium was 32.24±1.40, iron was 8.37±1.078 and zinc was 4.87±0.89. Furthermore, total phenolic content was 156.78±1.18 and total flavonoid content was 45.78±0.57. Afterwards, the anti-diabetic potential was analyzed by givingthe giloy leaves powder to human experimental group G1 and G2 at adose of 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg, respectively. The effect of giloy leaves powder on diabetes patients' blood sugar levels was monitored every seventh day for 2 months and HbA1c tests were done initially and after 2 months. Random blood sugar and HbA1c were significant in ANOVA.

Effectiveness of proprioceptive training and conventional physical therapy in treating adhesive capsulitis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine effectiveness of proprioceptive training and conventional physical therapy in managing patients with adhesive capsulitis. METHODS: A pre-test post-test control group study was conducted at Rehman Medical Institute from June to December 2019. Thirty-eight patients, aged 30 to 60 years, with diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis for more than four months were divided into two groups. Subjects in Group-I (conventional group; n=19) received conventional physical therapy protocols for one month while subjects in Group-II (proprioceptive group; n=19) received proprioceptive training along with conventional physical therapy for one month. Disability of Arm Shoulder & Hand questionnaire, Shoulder Pain & Disability Index and goniometer were used at baseline and post-treatment to assess functional activity level, pain & disability and range of motion respectively. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 53.13 ± 9.12 years. Baseline characteristics were balanced between the two groups. After the treatment, all measures (functional activity level, pain, disability, ROM) improved in both groups. Post treatment, between group analysis showed that functional activity (DASH) and pain (SPADI pain) significantly (P-value <0.05) improved in proprioceptive group as compared to conventional group. However, there were no significant differences (P-value≥ 0.05) in post treatment SPADI disability, SPADI total and ROM (flexion, abduction, external rotation) scores of both groups. CONCLUSION: Proprioceptive exercises along with conventional physical therapy are more effective in managing pain and improving functional activities in adhesive capsulitis patients as compared to conventional physical therapy alone.