Timing of Repair in Postinfarction Ventricular Septal Defect.

The optimal timing of postinfarction ventricular septal defect (PI-VSD) repair is subject to debate. Patients with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) were queried using appropriate International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revision Clinical Modification codes from the National Inpatient Sample (2003 to 2018). VSD repair was identified using appropriate International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revision Procedure Coding System codes. Data were stepwise stratified by cardiogenic shock (CS) and time of repair from admission to create 6 clinically relevant groups: shock 1 (CS; 0 to 7 days), shock 2 (CS; 8 to 14 days), and shock 3 (CS; >14 days). Nonshock groups were classified similarly. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Multilevel hierarchical logistic regression was used to adjust for confounders for each group. We identified 10,902 patients with PI-VSD. In shock 1 (n = 5,794), VSD repair was associated with lower mortality (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.68 to 0.86, p <0.001) compared to no VSD repair. In shock 2 (n=1,009) mortality was numerically lower in those who received VSD repair, but not statistically different. In shock 3 (n=483), mortality was numerically higher in those who received VSD repair, but not statistically different. In nonshock 1 (n=5,108), VSD repair was associated with higher mortality (odds ratio [OR] 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33 to 1.90; p <0.001). In nonshock 2 (n = 1,265), mortality was numerically higher in patients with VSD repair, although not statistically different. In nonshock 3 (n = 472), mortality was numerically lower in patients with VSD repair, although not statistically different. Mechanical circulatory support use increased over the 16 years (relative change + 18%, p <0.001), with no significant change in mortality among patients with PI-VSD. In conclusion, in patients with CS, early PI-VSD repair was associated with lower mortality. However, in patients without CS, early PI-VSD repair was associated with higher mortality.

Proportionate Cardiovascular Mortality in Chronic Inflammatory Disease in Adults in the United States From 1999 to 2019.

BACKGROUND: Despite a rising prevalence of chronic inflammatory disease (CID), the recent trends in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality of patients with CID is scarce. In this study, we investigated patterns of CVD mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with the general population. METHODS: We used the 1999 to 2019 multiple causes of death files from the national center for health statistics to analyze patterns and trends of proportionate CVD mortality in CID compared with the general population. RESULTS: We analyzed a total of 11,154 CVD deaths in IBD, 58,337 CVD deaths in RA, 6227 CVD deaths in SLE, and 17,826,871 CVD deaths in the general population. Between 1999 and 2019, we found that proportionate CVD mortality decreased significantly in the IBD group (25% to 16%), RA group (34% to 25%), and the general population (41% to 31%), but did not change for the SLE group (15% to 15%). Patients with SLE who died of CVD were approximately 10 years younger compared with CVD decedents with RA, IBD, or general population. The White population had higher proportionate CVD mortality than African American (IBD [19% vs 16%-18%] and SLE [14%-16% vs 12-14%], respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies current trends in CVD mortality in the CID population and elucidates current demographics in CVD mortality in CID. Although proportionate CVD mortality decreased in the general population, and in patients with RA and IBD, there was no change among patients with SLE. Further studies are needed to elucidate these differences.