Purification, characterization and preparation immunomatrixes of S-layer proteins of Thermobifida fusca.

AIM: S-layer proteins are considered as a good nanocarrier due to their binding and self-assembled properties. These can be used to prepare the immunomatrixes for the removal of toxins from the samples. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two S-layer proteins 70 and 40 kDa of thermophilic Thermobifida fusca were extracted with guanidine hydrochloride and purified. Antibodies against S-layer proteins were developed, and their monospecificity was checked. Immunogold labelling indicated that these are surface proteins. Immunomatrixes (70-SLIM, 40 SLIM) were prepared by covalently immobilizing S-layer proteins in microwell and further conjugated with anti- Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) antibodies. The binding of 70 and 40 kDa proteins was observed nearly 7·0 µg cm(-1) to binding area, and the conjugation with anti-SEB antibodies was found 1·22 µg µg(-1) of 70 kDa and 0·875 µg µg(-1) of 40 kDa. The average binding and elution of pure SEB toxin on 70-SLIM and 40-SLIM was 5·0 µg SEB toxin. The SEB toxin in milk samples was also removed on immunomatrixes successfully. CONCLUSION: It is the first report, and this study shows that the thermophilic S-layer proteins can be used to prepare the immunomatrixes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: Information in this study can be used to design the strategies for the removal of biologically important materials or toxins from samples.

HELLP syndrome: Clinical profile of seven patients.

HELLP syndrome is a multi-organ disorder unique to pregnancy. It is characterized by hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets in patients with pre-eclampsia or eclampsia. In King Abdulaziz Oncology Center, Jeddah, seven patients with HELLP syndrome were admitted over a period of four years (1991-94). Retrospective analysis of data was done to study the clinical profile of HELLP syndrome. The incidence of HELLP syndrome in our institution was 1 per 2285 deliveries. One patient was Saudi and six were non-Saudis. The age range was 23 to 44 years, with a mean of 29 years. All patients were multipara. The disorder occurred between 24 to 33 weeks of gestational age, the average being 29 weeks. The most commonly encountered clinical feature was right upper quadrant/epigastric pain. Other features included nausea/vomiting, jaundice, hepatic encephalopathy, azotemia, hypotension and grand mal convulsions. All patients had severe pre-eclampsia pr eclampsia. Indirect hyperbilirubinemia was in the range of 2 to 8 mg/dL and elevated transaminases up to 229 U/L (n<40 U/L) were noted. Various degrees of peripheral thrombocytopenia (<150x10(9)/L) were present in seven patients. Four patients had elevated prothrombin and partial thromboplastin time with postive fibrinogen degradation products. Laboratory abnormalities returned to normal within 10 days following delivery. Four patients were delivered by cesarean section and three had vaginal deliveries. We had two maternal deaths (mortality 34%). One died of multi-organ failure and the other with adult respiratory distress syndrome. There was one stillbirth and the second baby died soon after birth due to prematurity (infant perinatal mortality 34%). We conclude that HELLP syndrome is rare among pregnant women in our institution. It should always be suspected in women with pre-eclampsia or eclampsia when they present with upper abdominal pain. Multipara seem to be more afflicted. Subclinical disseminated intravascular coagulation was detected in 55% of the patients. A majority of our patients presented late to the hospital.