Ensemble Supervised Classification Method Using the Regions of Interest and Grey Level Co-Occurrence Matrices Features for Mammograms Data.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is one of the most encountered cancers in women. Detection and classification of the cancer into malignant or benign is one of the challenging fields of the pathology. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to classify the mammogram data into normal and abnormal by ensemble classification method. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this method, we first extract texture features from cancerous and normal breasts, using the Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrices (GLCM) method. To obtain better results, we select a region of breast with high probability of cancer occurrence before feature extraction. After features extraction, we use the maximum difference method to select the features that have predominant difference between normal and abnormal data sets. Six selected features served as the classifying tool for classification purpose by the proposed ensemble supervised algorithm. For classification, the data were first classified by three supervised classifiers, and then by simple voting policy, we finalized the classification process. RESULTS: After classification with the ensemble supervised algorithm, the performance of the proposed method was evaluated by perfect test method, which gave the sensitivity and specificity of 96.66% and 97.50%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we proposed a new computer aided diagnostic tool for the detection and classification of breast cancer. The obtained results showed that the proposed method is more reliable in diagnostic to assist the radiologists in the detection of abnormal data and to improve the diagnostic accuracy.

Swallowed opium packets: CT diagnosis.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to report our experience in diagnosis of the opium body packers with CT scan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For 12 cases who confessed to opium packet ingestion, we did an abdominal and pelvic CT scan without contrast and evaluated the presence, number and location of opium packets and also measured the density of packets in Hounsfield unit (HU). RESULTS: Mean age of our cases was 28.2 +/- 5.9 years (ranging 17-35 years). Eleven (91.6%) patients were male and only one case was female. In all patients, the packets were visualized in gastrointestinal (GI) lumen by CT scan. The mean of minimum HU was 163.8 +/- 19.6 and its maximum was 205.3 +/- 32.8. We had mortality in an 18-year-old female due to opium overdose. CONCLUSION: CT scan could be a suitable imaging modality in identifying opium packets, similar to that reported for cocaine and heroin.