Screening of Ganoderma strains with high polysaccharides and ganoderic acid contents and optimization of the fermentation medium by statistical methods.

Polysaccharides and ganoderic acids (GAs) are the major bioactive constituents of Ganoderma species. However, the commercialization of their production was limited by low yield in the submerged culture of Ganoderma despite improvement made in recent years. In this work, twelve Ganoderma strains were screened to efficiently produce polysaccharides and GAs, and Ganoderma lucidum 5.26 (GL 5.26) that had been never reported in fermentation process was found to be most efficient among the tested stains. Then, the fermentation medium was optimized for GL 5.26 by statistical method. Firstly, glucose and yeast extract were found to be the optimum carbon source and nitrogen source according to the single-factor tests. Ferric sulfate was found to have significant effect on GL 5.26 biomass production according to the results of Plackett-Burman design. The concentrations of glucose, yeast extract and ferric sulfate were further optimized by response surface methodology. The optimum medium composition was 55 g/L of glucose, 14 g/L of yeast extract, 0.3 g/L of ferric acid, with other medium components unchanged. The optimized medium was testified in the 10-L bioreactor, and the production of biomass, IPS, total GAs and GA-T enhanced by 85, 27, 49 and 93 %, respectively, compared to the initial medium. The fermentation process was scaled up to 300-L bioreactor; it showed good IPS (3.6 g/L) and GAs (670 mg/L) production. The biomass was 23.9 g/L in 300-L bioreactor, which was the highest biomass production in pilot scale. According to this study, the strain GL 5.26 showed good fermentation property by optimizing the medium. It might be a candidate industrial strain by further process optimization and scale-up study.

[Determination of stability constant of zinc cysteinate by indirect determination using FAAS with ZnS].

On the bases of exploring measurement mechanism and complex compound components of indirect determination of cysteine acid by flame atomic absorption spectrometry with zinc sulfide, the stability constants of the complex compound of zinc cysteinate were studied successfully, after the numeric measurements and theoretical investigations under the best optimized acidity for the determination. In conclusion, at the best optimized acidity pH 9.7, the stability constant of alkalescence zinc cysteinate is between 2.998 x 10(30) and 3.858 x 10(30), with the average value beta w = 3.286 x 10(30) and log beta w = 30.517, and the standard deviation is 0.315 x 10(30). While the stability constant of zinc cysteinate is between 7.853 x 10(21) and 1.011 x 10(22), with the average value beta w = 8.607 x 10(21) and log beta w = 21.935, and the standard deviation is 0.315 x 10(21). It is shown that the atomic absorption spectrometry can not only be used for the determination of trace elements and the indirect determination of organic compound, but also can carry out the study of physical configuration and the determination of physical constant of complex ion.