VITAMIN D STATUS AMONG GEORGIAN CHILDREN WITH HIGH ACUTE RESPIRATORY MORBIDITY.

Vitamin D deficiency has been identified as a common metabolic/endocrine abnormality. There aren't any published data about vitamin D plasma level in Georgian population. Present study was conducted to reveal vit D status among Georgian children with high acute respiratory morbidity. The prospective observational study was performed by comparing serum vitamin D levels in children with recurrent respiratory infections (Upper respiratory infections, bronchiolitis, bronchitis, pneumonia) and healthy children in two cities of Georgia - Tbilisi and Rustavi. The 2 cohorts of 277 children at age from 3 months to 15 years were investigated. First cohort formed - 147 children with recurrent respiratory infections. 130 healthy children were included in control group (II cohort). One moment blood concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D was determined in every study participant. The mean serum 25(OH) vitamin D level in the I age group with respiratory infections was 14.47±5.44 ng/ml and control group data were - 35.54ng/ml±8.66. In II age group with respiratory morbidity vit D level was 12.43±5.27 ng/ml and control group data were 27.71±18.29 ng/ml. In III age group mean serum 25(OH) vitamin D level was - 14.39±4.60ng/ml. Control group data - 28.31±12.59ng/ml. Comparison of serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels between the study groups (I cohort vs II cohort) revealed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). In 14% of healthy adolescents from group III the vit D plasma level was <20 ng/ml (16±11.5 ng/ml). 25(OH)D deficiency in children was associated with high morbidity with respiratory infections. After 5 years of age most of the healthy children with the low respiratory morbidity in Georgian rural regions reveal Vit D insufficiency, especially in adolescent period.

[THE LEVEL OF BENZ(A)PIREN IN TOBACCO SMOKE].

The medical problems of the environmental pollution with products of tobacco smoke are relatively known. The question of separate components of tobacco smoke, factors such a puff-volume, rate, distance, frequency, length of butt in the environment air is not well understand and should further be investigated. It is shown the dependence of the process on the following factors: physic-chemical parameters of atmospheric environment, brand of tobacco product, activity of smoking process. We aimed to determine the dependence of benz(a)pirene in the air samples of tobacco smoke in the distance of 2,0; 4,0 and 6,0m. from lighting cigarette after puff-by puff. Cigarettes were machine-smoked and the total particulate matter was collected (1,0m3) in room, having no air filtration and substances were analysed and identified by gashromatography. The condacted quantitative and qualitative analyses show, that distance of exposition from burning cigarette can change the volume of benz(a)pirene. In the result of pyrolitic and photochemical reactions in tobacco smoke at certain air space temperature new structures can be formed with high toxity and cancerogenity. The dominant transformation process is reaction with photochemically-produced radicals, which produced benz(a)piren as a minor product. Additional factors effecting indoor concentrations include location and ventilation condition time. Ultrafine particle and benz(a)piren deposition and smoking behavior were observed. The mainstream smoke was also monitored continuously in real time (3, 5 and 10 minute) on a puff-by-puff. Our data show that smoking pastime can change the structure and volume of component of tobacco smoke. The level of benz(a)piren in air samples was evaluated as the main background index of cigarette smoke toxity in relatively small room, having no air filtration system. This question still needs to be explained. It would be interesting to investigate of tobacco smoke components in lung tissue after the smoking process. The studies are necessary in different derection.

[THE LEVEL OF NAPHTHALENE AND ITS DERIVATES IN TOBACCO SMOKE].

The composition of cigarette smoke in spite of its tremendous complexity is relatively known, but little is known about the influence of Ecologic Factors (air flows, temperature, light) on the Migration Character of individual and specific components of Tobacco Smoke constansate in environmental atmosphere on different distance from burning cigarette. Oxidation in air, and photochemical reactions can produce many compounds which were not originally present in the Tobacco Smoke. Gas liquid Chromatography with high-resolution capillary column is applied. The tobacco skome volume was taked and analyzed in the distance of 2,0 m and 4,0 m from burning cigarette. The content of naphthalene and its derivates in the air samples was revealed. Our data show that distance of exposition from burning cigarette can change the structure and volume of each component of tobacco smoke. The studies are necessary in different direction. First, this phenomen still needs to be explained. The second, it would be interesting to investigate the retention of tobacco smoke components in lung tissue, for a considerable time after the smoking process. The obtained data is very important from the point of ecological assessment of the environment and sensitivity to the components of tobacco smoke.

[The fatty acid composition of ordinary flax seed oil (Linum usitatissimum L.) cultivated in Georgia and its byological activity].

The aim of the study was individual quantitatively and qualitatively determination of fatty acids in ordinary flax seed oil (Linum usitatissimum L.), cultivated in Georgia. The neutral lipids extracts were fractionated and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (PTC-1, Waters) with refractory detector R-401. Analitical column (150,0x3,0 mm) was filled with reversphase Bondopak C18). Software OASIS-740 is used. The correction retention times of each fatty acids is compared with comformity standard. The investigation showed that in flax seed oil linoleic (31,3±2,1 mg%) and linolenic (40,2±2,9 mg%) acids were predominant and together constitute principal basic of research composition. The flax seed oil contained also palmitic and stearic acids in less quantitaty.

[The fatty acid composition of Ruta graveolens seed oil and its byological activity].

Using high-performance liquid chromatography methods are qualitatively and quantitatively identified most biological important high fatty acids, contained in Ruta graveolens seed oil grown on the experimental plot of Kutateladze Institute of Pharmakochemistry (Georgia) and compare its biological activity. Their relative concentration is expressed as percentages of the total fatty acid component. The sample contained the range of fatty acids from С12:0 to С22:0. The investigation showed different sensitivity of components. In order of elution the list of compound are reported. The oil contained 2,08±0,1 mg% lauric, 2,18±0,1 mg% miristic, 3,98±0,1 mg% palmitic, 30,90±1,2 mg% stearic, 41,92±1,8 mg% oleic, 10,14±0,4 mg% linolic, 6,50±0,3 mg% linolenic, 2,00±0,1 mg% arachinic and 2,10±0,1 mg% begenic acid. The chromatography signals with retention values 7,96 and 14,08 minuts are qualitatively not identified.

[The fatty acid composition of peach oil and its biological activity].

Using high-performance liquid chromatography methods (Cromatograph PTC-1, repractometer R-401, column Bondopaс C18) were quantitatively and qualitatively identified most biological important high fatty acids, contained in peach oil (Persica Vulgaris) from ost region of Georgia (Kacheti). Their relative concentrations are expressed as percentages of the total fatty acids components. The chromatography investigation shaved, that the oil contained 12,98±1,0mg% linoleic, 9,97±0,3 mg% palmitic, 4,82±0,2 mg% linolenic, 3,58±0,1 mg% begenic and 2,16±0,1 mg% arachinic acids. The predominant fatty acids of peach oil were linoleic, palmitic and oleinic acids. The investigation showed different sensitivity of components contained in peach oil.

[Fatty acid of Rkatsiteli grape seed oil, Phellodendron lavallei oil and Amaranthus seeds oil and its comparative byological activity].

The aim of the study is individual qualitively and quantitatively identification of fatty acids in Pkatsiteli grape seed oil, Phellodendron lavallei oil and Amaranthus seed oil and prediction of its biological activity. Using high-effective liquid chromatogramphy fatty acids were franctionated. Their relative concentrations are expressed as percentages of the total fatty acid component. Identification of the fatty acids consituents is based on comparison of their retention time with that of known standards. The predominant fatty acids in the oils were palmitic, oleic and stearic acids. The investigation demonstrated that fatty acids composition takes marked part in lipid metabolism of biological necessary components. The most interesting result of the investigation was the detection of unusual for the essentain oil begenic acid.

[Influence of TORCH-infections on the spermatogenesis of men].

The purpose of the given study was to reveal causal relations between infection of the urino-genital tract by intracellular parasites, the so-called TORCH-infections, and the decrease of spermatogenesis. For observation 182 men of reproductive age (from 22 to 38 years) with oligozoospermia and aspermia, without any complaints or clinical symptoms indicating existence of infections of urino-genital tracts, were selected. Out of those, 131 revealed oligozoospermia, i.e. the quantity of spermatozoons was no higher than 20 mln in 1 ml of ejaculate, and 51 revealed - aspermia. For examination of some TORCH infections, medical doctors in charge directed 44 oligozoospermia patients and 15 aspermia patients, who respectively constituted group I and group II. Examinations were carried out for Chlamydia trachomatis--(Ch.t), Herpes simplex virus--(HSV), Ureaplasma urealiticum--(U.u.), Cytomegalovirus--(CMV), and Mycoplasma hominis--(M.h.). In the group with oligozoospermia, cases of infections by Chlamydias (41.5%) and Herpes virus (51.3%) were frequent, but Ureaplasma (56,5%) was more frequent than any infections. Cytomegalovirus occurred in the least number of cases. Making any conclusions on the frequency of infections by M.h. is difficult due to the low number of examinations. Similar picture was observed in Group II as well. Following successful treatment of infections in Group I, 8 patients with Ch.t. and 8 patients with U.u. showed an improved spermogram after several months. Treatment of other infections did not yield tangible results. In Group II spermatogenesis remained without any changes.

[Comparative assessment of laboratory methods used in the analysis of semen].

The purpose of the given study was to: - compare quantitative and qualitative indicators of the semen, examined with the use of the special sperm analyzer "SQA IIC-P", as well as through the methods of light microscopy; - and to select the parameters from both types of study, combined application of which would give the most optimal picture of the spermatogenesis of an examined individual. Twenty fertile and 65 childless men in the age range of 20-35 years were examined. Conclusion is given that the sperm analyzer "SQA IIC-P" accurately determines essential parameters of the reproduction function of men, however for targeted treatment it is critical to know a number of parameters, best revealed through microscopic examination of untreated and colored samples of semen. Therefore for obtaining a complete picture it is essential to combine examination of the semen both with the analyzer as well as through the use of microscopic methods.

Role of intracellular infections in premature childbirth.

Vaginal Smear taken by sterile Folkman spoon from 15 women with premature birth was studied. The study was performed by the direct immune fluorescence method with the luminescence microscope. We aimed to study the effect of intracellular infections: ureaplasma urealitikum, mycoplasma hominis, Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus of I and II type and cytomegalovirus. Intracellular infections were detected in at about 82% of cases, which included mono infections with cytomegalovirus and in 9 cases in the form of bi-component associations. The obtained results may be interesting from the etiologic point of view of premature births in Georgian population.

[Elimination of haloperidol from erythrocytes surfaces supernatant and blood plasma].

The aim of the study was to investigate the adsorption rate of haloperidol on erythrocytes surfaces. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of haloperidol were monitored in the experiment. The neuroleptic was administered to 12 adult dogs and the blood samples were collected for further analysis following 20, 30, 60, 180, 240, 360, 420 and 480 minutes after the injection. The groups of samples (blood plasma and supernatant) were monitored during this period. The differences between haloperidol concentration in the supernatant and blood plasma were compared. Our data have shown that dynamics of the elimination of intact and acidified forms of haloperidol from the supernatant and the blood serum are not the same. Intact and acidified forms are differently regulated by plasma. albumines and globulines. The process of redistribution of haloperidol between the both substrates takes place, while the supernatant has a donor function for the free form of haloperidol and represents the acceptor of the haloperidol's metabolites. This provides the possibility to develop multidiscipline approach to the optimization to the prescription of haloperidol.