Solving the Dilemma: Van Wyk-Grumbach Syndrome.

The Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome (VWGS) (hypothyroidism, ovarian mass, and precocious puberty) has been extensively documented in the literature as long-term hypothyroidism manifesting as an ovarian mass. The authors of this study describe this entity in a young girl, aged 10, who presented with abdominal pain with a multiloculated ovarian cyst. She was evaluated, and it was discovered that she had delayed bone age, precocious puberty, and a small height. Following her diagnosis of autoimmune thyroiditis and the initiation of thyroxine replacement therapy, the ovarian cysts spontaneously regressed. To avoid needless assessment and surgical mishaps, this entity should be considered in situations of ovarian mass, particularly those with precocious puberty and thyroid disorders.

Hyperreactio Luteinalis: A Rare Phenomenon Complicating Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Presenting as Acute Abdomen in the Convalescence Period.

The hydatidiform mole is a rare gynaecological condition originating from trophoblastic cells, with an incidence of 1-3 per 1000 pregnancies. Theca lutein cysts (TLCs) and an invasive mole are rarely observed in association with a partial mole. This case describes an unusual case involving a 17-year-old primigravida at 11 weeks of gestation. She presented with abdominal pain and was diagnosed with a molar pregnancy with post-evacuation rupture of TLC, presenting as an acute abdomen, subsequently undergoing laparoscopy. Post-molar pregnancies exhibit a highly variable course, ranging from recurrent pregnancy loss and stillbirths to preterm deliveries and recurrent molar pregnancies. Few studies are available on obstetric outcomes after a molar pregnancy; most available data originate from national databases and monocentric research.

From Conception to Delivery: A Comprehensive Review of Thyroid Disorders and Their Far-Reaching Impact on Feto-Maternal Health.

This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted landscape of thyroid disorders during pregnancy, exploring their impact from conception to postpartum considerations. Key findings highlight the intricate interplay between maternal thyroid health and fetal development, emphasizing the critical importance of timely screening and targeted interventions. The evolving landscape of research and technology suggests a paradigm shift toward personalized approaches in clinical practice, emphasizing integrated care models and the integration of telehealth platforms. Postpartum considerations, including postpartum thyroiditis, underscore the necessity for ongoing monitoring and intervention for maternal well-being. Implications for clinical practice encompass healthcare provider education, public awareness campaigns, and policy advocacy for standardized screening guidelines. The call to action resonates for increased research funding to advance understanding and improve outcomes. By fostering awareness, education, and collaborative efforts, this review aims to navigate the complexities of thyroid disorders during pregnancy, ensuring a healthier start for both mothers and their infants.

Cesarean Scar Ectopic Pregnancy: A Rare Case.

Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy is one of the rarest of all ectopic pregnancies. Cesarean scar ectopic can occur after previous uterine manipulation, in vitro fertilization, hysterotomy, etc. With the increasing number of cesarean sections, the incidence of cesarean scar ectopics has increased worldwide. A high degree of suspicion over the occurrence of ectopic pregnancy after a cesarean section should be maintained by all healthcare workers. Timely diagnosis and treatment according to the presentation of an individual is of utmost importance. Here, we present a case of a 24-year-old second gravida with nine weeks of amenorrhea and a previous cesarean section presenting with the possibility of a scar ectopic, initially managed with medical management, followed by a planned laparotomy.

The Pattern and Impact of Hospital-Acquired Infections and Its Outlook in India.

Nosocomial infections form one of the most challenging tasks to deal with in a hospital setting. The burden of hospital-acquired infections (HAI) significantly affects the patient's cost of medical treatment and seriously impacts the economy of a developing country like India. Haphazard antibiotic use for the treatment of these infections has led to the development of resistance among the microbes, and factors that complicate microbial eradication further worsen the scenario. A large percentage of the HAI are preventable by simply following up various protocols which when supported by judicious antibiotic use can declutter the severity of the problem. Organized infection control measures, trained hospital staff, and continuous surveillance of HAI in healthcare settings will help deal with nosocomial infections. Although the ability to deal with HAI in a patient might determine his survival after acquiring a nosocomial infection, prevention remains the best option at all times. Lowering down the burden of nosocomial infections is of utmost importance since it contributes significantly to the overall resource utilization of the hospital and the country. Implementing the use of nanoparticles and nanotechnology in delivering target-specific drugs might be helpful in preventing antibiotic resistance. Taking into account reports of nosocomial infection patterns in various centres of India, the seriousness and consequences of HAI are uncovered in this article.

Primary Fallopian Tube Carcinoma Presenting as a Broad Ligament Fibroid: A Rare Case.

Primary fallopian tube carcinomas (PFTCs) are quite rare with the incidence ranging from 0.3% to 1.1% amongst all the gynaecological malignancies. Here, we present a rare case of a 44-year-old female (parity-2, live-2 and abortion-2), with one previous classical caesarean section and one vaginal birth after caesarean section (VBAC), bilateral tubal ligation done referred to our gynaecology OPD with complaints of pain in the abdomen since the past six days. The patient also had complaint of spotting per vagina for the past two months. Her ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced CT abdomen and pelvis were suggestive of broad ligament fibroid, which turned out to be a PFTC. Primary fallopian tube malignancies are so rare that this entity may be missed in routine clinical practice and surprisingly noticed during operative procedure or on histopathology reports. Thus, one must be aware of this rare clinical entity and keep it in mind while taking patients on the operating table.

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Literature Review With a Focus on Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Management.

In females with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), the most prevalent endocrine condition is chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism. This illness influences females from conception to death, posing several risks to the health of a female, thus reducing the quality of life. It also increases the rates of mortality and morbidity. The first years of puberty are when PCOS symptoms first show. Menstrual irregularities, anovulation, and acne are features of both PCOS and typical puberty in females. There are many various phenotypes that fall under the same illness, so it is necessary to examine each one independently because they may need different treatments and result in different outcomes. Depending on the diagnostic criteria, approximately 6%-20% of females in the reproductive age group are believed to be affected by PCOS. As long as PCOS is still a syndrome, no single diagnostic indicator, such as hyperandrogenism or polycystic ovary (PCO), can be used to make a clinical diagnosis. The management of females with PCOS depends on the symptoms. These could include menstruation problems, androgen-related symptoms, or infertility caused by ovulatory disruption. In females with PCOS, anovulation is linked to low follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and a halt in antral follicle growth during the last stages of maturation. The condition may be treated surgically with laparoscopic ovarian drilling or medically with medications such as aromatase inhibitors, metformin, glucocorticoids, clomiphene citrate (CC), tamoxifen, or gonadotropins. Patients will experience different androgenic symptoms, such as hirsutism, acne, and/or baldness. Patients who appear with these troubling symptoms need to receive appropriate care. The review emphasizes the role it plays in the management of various conditions.

Giant Borderline Mucinous Cystadenoma: A Distressing Scenario.

Abdominal cystic tumors are highly prevalent. Due to the availability of superior imaging techniques, they are now diagnosed more commonly and considerably earlier. Although giant masses are seen sporadically, particularly in the rural scenarios. A 74-year-old multipara with distension of abdomen and breathlessness misdiagnosed as ascites initially was later on confirmed as giant borderline mucinous cystadenoma. We wish to highlight this case to bring forth the plight of rural women who are deprived of standard health care. The case of ovarian tumor presented seems to be the largest documented ovarian tumor in central India to the best of our knowledge.