Outcome Comparison of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Large Vessel Occlusion Due to Large Artery Atherosclerosis and Cardioembolism in the Chinese Population: Data from the ANGEL Registry.

Background and Purpose: Studies on outcome comparison after endovascular treatment (EVT) for large vessel occlusion (LVO) between large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and cardioembolism (CE) in the Asian population are scarce. We aimed to compare the baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes after EVT for anterior circulation LVO with LAA and CE in the Chinese population. Methods: Patients were selected from the ANGEL registry and divided into LAA and CE groups. The primary outcome was the 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0-2. The secondary outcomes were 90-day mRS distribution, 90-day mRS 0-1, 90-day mRS 0-3, and early neurological improvement. The safety outcomes included death, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and any intracranial hemorrhage. We conducted logistic regression models with adjustments to compare the outcomes. Results: A total of 632 patients were included, of whom, 488 were in the LAA group and 144 were in the CE group. No significant difference in 90-day mRS 0-2 was observed between LAA and CE groups (55.7%vs.43.1%, odds ratio[OR] 1.19, 95% confidence interval(CI), 0.92-1.53, P=0.190). The LAA group exhibited a higher frequency of mRS 0-3 compared to the CE group (69.1% vs 32.6%, OR1.32, 95% CI 1.02-1.72, P=0.038). However, the incidence of death within 90 days did not significantly differ between the LAA and CE groups (10.9%vs.24.3%, OR0.91, 95% CI0.66-1.25, P=0.545), nor did the occurrences of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage(SICH) (4.5%vs.9.7%,OR1.08, 95% CI 0.65-1.78, P=0.779) or intracranial hemorrhage(ICH) (21.9%vs.30.6%, OR 0.94, 95% CI0.71-1.25, P=0.680). Moreover, no significant disparities were detected in other outcomes between the two groups (All P>0.05). Conclusion: In the ANGEL registry, a higher prevalence of patients undergoing EVT for acute anterior circulation LVO with LAA was found than those with CE. However, our study revealed that the efficacy and safety of EVT remained consistent regardless of the stroke's etiology such as LAA or CE.

Plasma-catalysis for VOCs decomposition: A review on micro- and macroscopic modeling.

Plasma-catalysis has been recognized as a promising method to decompose hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) since many years ago. To understand the fundamental mechanisms of VOCs decomposition by plasma-catalysis systems, both experimental and modeling studies have been extensively carried out. However, literature on summarized modeling methodologies is still scarce. In this short review, we therefore present a comprehensive overview of modeling methodologies ranging from microscopic to macroscopic modeling in plasma-catalysis for VOCs decomposition. The modeling methods of VOCs decomposition by plasma and plasma-catalysis are classified and summarized. The roles of plasma and plasma-catalyst interactions in VOCs decomposition are also critically examined. Taking the current advances in understanding the decomposition mechanisms of VOCs into account, we finally provide our perspectives for future research directions. This short review aims to stimulate the further development of plasma-catalysis for VOCs decomposition in both fundamental studies and practical applications with advanced modeling methods.