Reform and practice of precise teaching for experiment in medical laboratory technology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In order to train professionals in medical laboratory technology who are directly engaged in medical examination and medical laboratory work and who have strong practical ability and can adapt to the development of precision medicine, the reform of precise teaching for experiment is implemented. Through the precise stratification of experimental projects and knowledge points, the design of precise teaching activity and the construction of precise evaluation system for experiments, guided by precision medicine during the experimental process, the standardization and precision training of basic skills for students are strengthened in clinical laboratory test. The students can more well adapt to the needs of society for technical and innovative talent in the new period. The precise teaching for experiment will become one of the main characteristics of medical laboratory technology education in our school.

miR-320 mediates diabetes amelioration after duodenal-jejunal bypass via targeting adipoR1.

BACKGROUND: Duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery can improve type 2 diabetes (T2D) dramatically. Accumulating evidence implicates deficiency of hepatic adiponectin signaling as a contributor to gluconeogenesis disorders, and some microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1, AdipoR2). We investigated the effects of DJB on hepatic gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, and inflammation as well as the effects of miRNA-320 (AdipoR1-targeting miRNA) on DJB-induced T2D amelioration. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the essential role of miRNAs in regulation of adiponectin signaling by targeting AdipoR1 in DJB and the underlying mechanisms. SETTING: University Hospital, China. METHODS: We studied hepatic adiponectin signaling changes and hepatic miRNAs involved in a rat model of DJB. We investigated the effects of miR-320 on AdipoR1 signaling in buffalo rat liver cell lines. Liver tissues and glucose tolerance tests were analyzed in DJB rats injected with lentivirus encoding a miR-320 mimic. RESULTS: Transfection with a miR-320 mimic reduced AdipoR1 protein levels and inhibited downstream adiponectin signaling; transfection with a miR-320 inhibitor elicited the opposite effects. A luciferase assay confirmed that miR-320 binds to the 3'-untranslated regions of AdipoR1. Global upregulation of miR-320 expression in DJB rats showed impaired gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, and relatively higher expression of inflammation markers. CONCLUSION: miR-320 regulates the adipoR1-mediated amelioration of T2D in DJB and should be explored as a potential target for T2D treatment.

Renal function is ameliorated in a diabetic nephropathy rat model through a duodenal-jejunal bypass.

AIMS: Diabetes surgery is growing in popularity and has been shown to have marked effects on diabetes. However, several studies have shown it may induce some renal injury, and, currently, the impact of diabetes surgery on renal function is unclear. In this study, we examined renal function and histological changes in rats with diabetic nephropathy (DN) following a duodeno-jejunal bypass (DJB) operation. METHODS: Rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes were randomly assigned to 3 groups: DJB group (DJB), Sham-DJB group (S-DJB) and diabetes group (DM). Six age-matched normal rats were assigned as the control group. DJB and sham surgery were performed. Body weight, food intake, glucose levels, lipid parameters, cystatin C (Cys_C) levels, serum and urinary creatinine, 24h urine albumin excretion rate (UAER) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured. Histological analysis and immunohistochemical studies of renal sections were also performed. RESULTS: DJB ameliorated renal function by improving UAER, GFR and Cys_C levels 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. It also improved lipid metabolism by decreasing fasting total serum cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels. Immuno-staining of synaptopodin showed podocyte injury was also improved in DJB glomeruli compared with sham and DM groups. Histological analysis showed that the mesangial expansion was not significantly prevented 8 weeks after DJB surgery. CONCLUSION: DJB ameliorated renal function in UAER and GFR but not mesangial expansion in a DN rat model. The improvement of renal function may be attributed to reversing the injury or loss of podocytes after DJB surgery.

Duodenal-jejunal bypass surgery on type 2 diabetic rats reduces the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in the thoracic aorta / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Bariatric surgery offers a productive resolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The development of T2DM vasculopathy is due to chronic inflammation, which increases matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) expression. This study sought to examine MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression in the thoracic aorta after duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery on a T2DM rat model induced by a high-fat diet and low dose streptozotocin (STZ).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-one T2DM Wistar rats induced by high-fat diet and low dose STZ were randomly divided into DJB and sham duodenal-jejunal bypass (S-DJB) groups. Ten Wistar rats were fed a normal diet as a control. Recovery of gastrointestinal function post-operation and resumption of a normal diet completed the experiment. Body weight, blood glucose, blood lipid levels, and MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression levels in aortic endothelial cells were measured throughout.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>DJB rats showed significant weight loss 2 weeks post-operation compared with S-DJB rats. After surgery, DJB rats showed significant improvement and steady glycemic control with improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. They also exhibited improved lipid metabolism with a decrease in fasting free fatty acids (FFAs) and triglycerides (all P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed decreased MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression 12 weeks after surgery (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DJB surgery on an induced T2DM rat model improves blood glucose levels and lipids, following a high-fat diet and low dose STZ treatment. In addition, DJB decreased MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression in vascular endothelial cells, which may play an important role in delaying the development of T2DM vascular disease.</p>

Role and mechanism of duodenal-jejunal bypass in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases and public health problems. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) can rapidly, effectively and sustainably improve glycemic control in morbidly obese patients with T2DM. However, the mechanisms of glycemic control after RYGB are still unclear now. Duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) is an improved RYGB sparing intact stomach, which is mainly used to investigate the mechanisms of RYGB to treat T2DM. DJB has also been used to treat non-obese T2DM patients. In the present article, we review the results and mechanisms of DJB to treat T2DM on the basis of the previous studies to further elucidate the mechanisms of RYGB in the management of T2DM.

Expression of serum IL-6,TNF-α,ICAM-1,pNF-H and NSE in patients with acute brain injury / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the expression and significance of ser(u)m IL-6,TNF-α,ICAM-1,pNF-H and NSE in patients with acute brain injury.Methods 100 patients with acute brain injury were selected and divided into different groups(mild injury,moderate injury,severe injury).The serum levels of IL-6,TNF-α,ICAM-1,pNF-H and NSE were detected.30 healthy persons were selected as healthy control group.Results The serum IL-6,TNF-α,ICAM-1,pNF-H and NSE levels in the patients were higher than those in the healthy control groups(all P＜0.05).The serum levels of them were increased steply with the order of severity(all P＜0.05).IL-6,TNF-α,ICAM-1 were positive correlated with pNF-H and NSE(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The serum levels of IL-6,TNF-α,ICAM-1,pNF-H and NSE were correlated with degree of injury severity.The measurement of them may contribute to predict the severity of brain injury.

Correlation between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and hypertension / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the correlation between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS)and developing hypertension.Methods Clinical data of 124 OSAS patieats with high blood pressure were retrospectirely,and according to the degree of hypoxemia they weredivided into three groups,monitoring of the night and 7h polysomnography figure,compare each group,woke up blood pressure changes before bedtime.Results 124 patients with hypertension OSAS clinical manifestation:snoring 124 cases(100.0％),daytime sleepiness 74 cases(59.7％),wake up in the night to suppress 49 cases(39.5％),night apnea 39 cases(31.5％),woke up oppressed 26 patients (21.0％),since morning headache 19 patients(15.3％).OSAS merger hypertension,light,medium,heavy hypoxemia between groups of blood pressure,blood pressure after come before a statistically significant difference(P ＞0.05).Conclusion Hypoxia was associated with high blood pressure.

DISTRIBUTION OF FIBER TYPES IN THE MUSCLES OF THE FOREARM IN CHINESE / 解剖学报

Samples of skeletal muscle in forearm were taken from 60 sites in each of 10 normal autopsy subjects (male 7, female 3) between 3 and 69 years of age. The distribution and composition of type I and type II fibers in the muscles of the forearm were studied by histochemical method for myofibrillar ATPase. The results showed that the mean percentage of type I fibers ranged between 45% to 59% in the muscles of the forearm. In general, the slow contracting fibers of the forearm muscles were slightly higer than 50%. In the flexors and extensors of the forearm the respective percentage of type I fibers were 49.8% and 55.3%. The slow contraction fibers of the extensors muscle group showed higher proportion of type I fibers than those of the flexor group and the difference is statistically significant (P