Sensitization patterns to Poaceae pollen indicates a hierarchy in allergens and a lead of tropical grasses.

BACKGROUND: The allergenicity of pollen of Poaceae family members is a well-known and confirmed fact. Using the data of component-resolved molecular diagnostics of allergy, we set a goal to establish the population and individual characteristics of sensitization to grass pollen and assess the patterns of its development. METHODS: Multiplex allergy Alex2 test results of 20,033 patients were used. In addition to descriptive statistics to uncover traits of the sensitized population, statistical inference was utilized to establish the conditional probability of sensitisation, the nature of links between allergens, and the most frequent combinations of allergens in individual patient profiles. RESULTS: Sensitivity to grass pollen comprised 30.79% of the studied sample. Children accounted for 62.21%, adults-37.79%. Sensitisation to Phl p 1, Lol p 1, and Cyn d 1 was the most frequent in all age groups. Among them, Phl p 1 and Lol p 1 were the major ones. Phl p 2, Phl p 5.0101, and Phl p 6 were also responsible for primary sensitization; Phl p 5.0101 promoted the highest sIgE levels. A combination "Lol p 1-Phl p 1", where Lol p 1 might play a leading role, was most frequent in individual profiles. Monosensitization to Phl p 2 was the second most frequent and Bayesian Network suggested its independent development. Monosensitization to Cyn d 1, especially among children, may indicate the impact of climate change, promoting the spread of the subtropical grasses to the temperate region. CONCLUSIONS: Descriptive statistics and known clinical data coincide well with statistical inference results and can provide for new clinical insights.

Molecular sensitization pattern to house dust mites is formed from the first years of life and includes group 1, 2, Der p 23, Der p 5, Der p 7 and Der p 21 allergens.

BACKGROUND: As the process and nature of developing sensitivity to house dust mites (HDMs) remain not fully studied, our goal was to establish the pattern, nature and timeframe of house dust mite (HDM) sensitization development in patients in Ukraine as well as the period when treatment of such patients would be most effective. METHODS: The data of the multiplex allergy test Alex2 was collected from 20,033 patients. To determine age specifics of sensitization, descriptive statistics were used. Bayesian Network analysis was used to build probabilistic patterns of individual sensitization. RESULTS: Patients from Ukraine were most often sensitized to HDM allergens of group 1 (Der p 1, Der f 1) and group 2 (Der p 2, Der f 2) as well as to Der p 23 (55%). A considerable sensitivity to Der p 5, Der p 7 and Der p 21 allergens was also observed. The overall nature of sensitization to HDM allergens among the population of Ukraine is formed within the first year of life. By this time, there is a pronounced sensitization to HDM allergens of groups 1 and 2 as well as to Der p 23. Significance of sensitization to Der p 5, Der p 7 and Der p 21 allergens grows starting from the age of 3-6. Bayesian Network data analysis indicated the leading role of sensitization to Der p 1 and Der f 2. While developing the sensitivity to group 5 allergens, the leading role may belong to Der p 21 allergen. CONCLUSION: The results obtained indicate the importance of determining the sensitization profile using the multi-component approach. A more detailed study of the optimal age for AIT prescription is required as the pattern of sensitization to HDMs is formed during the first year of life.

Allergen component testing - a new era in diagnostics of patients with pollen allergy.

OBJECTIVE: Introduction: Pollen allergy, also called hay fever or pollinosis, is referred to the most widespread allergic diseases. According to different sources, from 5 to 34% of the population in developed countries are likely to suffer from this condition. Moreover, the majority of patients are young people of working age The aim: To demonstrate a practical decision of the choice of effective treatment tactics based on component testing in patients with pollen allergy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: 126 рatients with allergic rhinitis / conjunctivitis were randomly selected according to their primary visit during the first week in August of the current year. Among them, 53 (42.0%) female and 73 (58.0%) male, aged 22-47 years. General laboratory and instrumental investigations, skin prick test with allergen extracts (Diater, Spain), measurement of total serum and specific IgE by immunoenzymatic assay method using test system "Euroimmun" were performed. Immunofluorescent methodImmunoCap (Thermo Scientific, Uppsala, Swiss) was used to detect specific components of allergens. The material of investigation was blood serum. RESULTS: Results: According to the results of skin prick-test, 50% of patients could receive allergen immunotherapy with two different extracts of allergens "Mixture of Weeds" and "Mixture of Grass". On molecular investigations, it was detected that this combination was not suitable for any patient (20% of individuals had genuine sensitization to allergens of grass pollen, including a marker of cross-reactive molecules, 30% of individuals were sensitized with genuine allergens of Artemisia and/or ambrosia). CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Based on skin prick-test and molecular diagnostics, the doctor makes a completely different decision on the choice of extracts for allergen immunotherapy conduction. Component determination of a sensitized profile and high sensitivity of this method enables to reveal a genuine protein, which is the primary cause of allergy occurrence and administer etiotropic allergen-specific immunotherapy with the allergen, to which sensitization was detected.