Parking Time Violation Tracking Using YOLOv8 and Tracking Algorithms.

The major problem in Thailand related to parking is time violation. Vehicles are not allowed to park for more than a specified amount of time. Implementation of closed-circuit television (CCTV) surveillance cameras along with human labor is the present remedy. However, this paper presents an approach that can introduce a low-cost time violation tracking system using CCTV, Deep Learning models, and object tracking algorithms. This approach is fairly new because of its appliance of the SOTA detection technique, object tracking approach, and time boundary implementations. YOLOv8, along with the DeepSORT/OC-SORT algorithm, is utilized for the detection and tracking that allows us to set a timer and track the time violation. Using the same apparatus along with Deep Learning models and algorithms has produced a better system with better performance. The performance of both tracking algorithms was well depicted in the results, obtaining MOTA scores of (1.0, 1.0, 0.96, 0.90) and (1, 0.76, 0.90, 0.83) in four different surveillance data for DeepSORT and OC-SORT, respectively.

Characterization of a New Monopartite Begomovirus with a Betasatellite Associated with Leaf Curl, Yellow Vein, and Vein Enation in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis.

A new begomovirus, tentatively named hibiscus yellow vein leaf curl virus (HYVLCV), was identified in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis plants showing symptoms of leaf curl, yellow vein, and vein enation on the undersides of the leaf in Taiwan. Sequence analysis of the full-length HYVLCV genome from the rolling cycle amplicon revealed a genome of 2,740 nucleotides that contains six open reading frames and a conserved sequence (5'-TAATATTAC-3') commonly found in geminiviral genomes. HYVLCV shares the highest nucleotide identity (88.8%) with cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) genome, which is lower than the criteria (91%) set for species demarcation in the genus Begomovirus. No begomoviral DNA-B was detected; however, a begomovirus-associated DNA betasatellite (DNA-ß) was detected. The DNA-ß (1,355 nucleotides) shares the highest nucleotide identity (78.6%) with malvastrum yellow vein betasatellite (MaYVB). Because the identity is slightly higher than the criteria (78%) set for the species demarcation threshold for a distinct DNA-ß species, the DNA-ß of HYVLCV reported in this study is considered the same species of MaYVB and tentatively named MaYVB-Hib. An expected 1,498-bp fragment was amplified with two HYVLCV-specific primers from 10 of 11 field-collected samples. Four independent amplicons were sequenced, revealing 100% nucleotide identity with the HYVLCV genome. Agroinoculation of a dimer of the infectious monopartite genome alone to Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in mild symptoms at 28 days postinoculation (dpi); coagroinoculation with the DNA-ß satellite resulted in severe symptoms at 12 dpi. HYVLCV could be transmitted to healthy H. rosa-sinensis by grafting, resulting in yellow vein symptoms at 30 dpi.

Trading detection for resolution in active sonar receivers.

This paper proposes an active sonar receivers that offers a smooth trade-off between detection and resolution. A matched filter is the optimal detector of known signals in white Gaussian noise but may fail to resolve the targets if the time separation of targets is less than the mainlobe width of the autocorrelation function of the transmitted signal. An inverse filter achieves optimal resolution performance for multiple targets in the absence of noise, but amplifies the noise outside the signal bandwidth in a manner that makes it impractical in many realistic scenarios. The proposed active sonar receiver, the variable resolution and detection receiver (VRDR) combines the matched and inverse filter properties to achieve a smooth trade-off between detection and resolution. Simulated receiver operating characteristics demonstrate that for a range of dipole sonar targets, the performance of the VRDR is superior to the matched and inverse filter, as well as another previously proposed bandlimited inverse filter.