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Background: With the emergence of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it was essential to determine the impact of this disease on pregnant women and neonatal outcomes. In this study, we present a series of nine cases of pregnant women with COVID-19 disease requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Methods: We retrospectively collected clinical data of pregnant women with COVID-19 disease admitted to ICU between September 2020 and September 2021. Results: Most common presenting symptom was cough. Two patients had no respiratory symptoms at presentation. Five of the nine patients required invasive mechanical ventilation. Seven patients required caesarean section, four of whom delivered preterm. There were no maternal or neonatal deaths. Conclusions: Although maternal and neonatal outcomes reported in our study are encouraging, it is imperative to emphasize the importance of an individualized, multidisciplinary approach, and good healthcare infrastructure for optimal management of this group of patients.
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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Hypotension occurs in most of the cases following subarachnoid block in for cesarean sections. Studies comparing different bolus doses of phenylephrine for preventing hypotension induced by subarachnoid block in cesarean sections are sparse. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of two different bolus doses of phenylephrine for preventing subarachnoid block-induced hypotension in cesarean sections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty parturients undergoing cesarean section were allocated into two groups. Group A (n = 30) received 150 mcg phenylephrine intravenously (IV) and Group B (n = 30) received 200 mcg phenylephrine IV prophylactically immediately after subarachnoid block. Then, for every 2 min, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were measured for 20 min, and APGAR scores were measured. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The observations are expressed as mean ± standard deviation and were compared using unpaired t-test. The statistical significance of difference between groups was based on P value. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: There was no difference in preventing hypotension in both the groups, the incidence in Group A being 16.6% and Group B also 16.6%. However, the rise in systolic pressure in Group B was higher than Group A in the first 2-6 min. The incidence of bradycardia was higher in Group B (43.3%) than Group A (20%). CONCLUSIONS: Both the doses of phenylephrine were equally efficient in prevention of hypotension after subarachnoid block. Lower prophylactic bolus phenylephrine 150 mcg IV is better in the prevention of hypotension after subarachnoid block in cesarean sections as the incidence of bradycardia is higher with phenylephrine 200 mcg.
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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cardiovascular stress response to extubation can result in elevated heart rate (HR) and mean arterial blood pressures which can be detrimental in high-risk patients. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The objective of this study is to compare the esmolol and labetalol efficacy in attenuating hemodynamic response to tracheal extubation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients scheduled for elective surgical procedures were selected randomly and divided into two groups of thirty each. Group I - esmolol 1.5 mg/kg and Group II - labetalol 0.25 mg/kg were administered 2 min before extubation after following a standard perioperative anesthetic management. Hemodynamic parameters recorded include HR, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) at baseline, reversal, study drug, 1 min after study drug, extubation, and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 15 min postextubation. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Student's t-test and analysis of variance have been used to find the significance of study parameters between groups of patients. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Both esmolol and labetalol obtunded extubation response throughout the extubation and postextubation period. At extubation and immediately postextubation at 1st and 2nd min, there was statistical significance (P < 0.05) in SBP, DBP, and MAP which showed esmolol was better than labetalol. Whereas labetalol was more efficient in controlling HR at 5th and 15th min postextubation having statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Both esmolol and labetalol attenuated hemodynamic response. Esmolol was more efficient than labetalol at extubation and immediately postextubation. If patient has tachycardia at extubation, labetalol is preferred. If patient has raised blood pressure, then esmolol is a good option in blunting the response.
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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study aims to compare the minimum effective concentration of local anesthetic (LA) bupivacaine and ropivacaine with highly lipid soluble opioids fentanyl for providing optimal labor epidural analgesia. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of racemic bupivacaine 0.0625% and 0.1% of ropivacaine both mixed with 2 µg/ml of fentanyl for epidural labor analgesia in parturients with spontaneous labor and normal fetal heart rate tracing. METHODOLOGY: Sixty parturients requesting for labor analgesia were divided into two groups. Group B (n = 30) received racemic bupivacaine (0.0625%) and fentanyl 2 µg/ml of 10 ml and Group R (n = 30) received ropivacaine (0.1%) and fentanyl 2 µg/ml. In both groups, the drug was given in 5 ml fractionated doses at 5 min interval. Parturients not experiencing analgesia within 15 min of initial bolus were supplemented with additional 5 ml of the same concentration of the solution. Epidural analgesia was maintained by timed top ups at the end of 90 min with the dosage equal to the initial dose of the drug. Duration of labor analgesia, motor block, visual analog scale, maternal hemodynamic parameters, mode of delivery, and maternal satisfaction was assessed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were analyzed with odds variance, unpaired t-test, and Chi-square tests. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: In our study, results indicate that both drugs were equally effective clinically. Maternal demographic characteristics were comparable. There were no statistically significant differences in visual analog pain score, highest sensory block, maternal satisfaction, mode of delivery, total dose of LAs during labor and motor block at delivery between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, both the drugs produced equivalent analgesia for labor at low concentration when used with highly lipid soluble opioid such as fentanyl.
