Genome-wide association studies for earliness, MYMIV resistance, and other associated traits in mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) using genotyping by sequencing approach.

Yellow mosaic disease (YMD) remains a major constraint in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.)) production; while short-duration genotypes offer multiple crop cycles per year and help in escaping terminal heat stress, especially during summer cultivation. A comprehensive genotyping by sequencing (GBS)-based genome-wide association studies (GWAS) analysis was conducted using 132 diverse mungbean genotypes for traits like flowering time, YMD resistance, soil plant analysis development (SPAD) value, trichome density, and leaf area. The frequency distribution revealed a wide range of values for all the traits. GBS studies identified 31,953 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) across all 11 mungbean chromosomes and were used for GWAS. Structure analysis revealed the presence of two genetically distinct populations based on ΔK. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) varied throughout the chromosomes and at r2 = 0.2, the mean LD decay was estimated as 39.59 kb. Two statistical models, mixed linear model (MLM) and Bayesian-information and Linkage-disequilibrium Iteratively Nested Keyway (BLINK) identified 44 shared SNPs linked with various candidate genes. Notable candidate genes identified include FPA for flowering time (VRADI10G01470; chr. 10), TIR-NBS-LRR for mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) resistance (VRADI09G06940; chr. 9), E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RIE1 for SPAD value (VRADI07G28100; chr. 11), WRKY family transcription factor for leaf area (VRADI03G06560; chr. 3), and LOB domain-containing protein 21 for trichomes (VRADI06G04290; chr. 6). In-silico validation of candidate genes was done through digital gene expression analysis using Arabidopsis orthologous (compared with Vigna radiata genome). The findings provided valuable insight for marker-assisted breeding aiming for the development of YMD-resistant and early-maturing mungbean varieties.

Correction to: Pollen staining is a rapid and cost­effective alternative to marker­assisted selection for recessive waxy1 gene governing high amylopectin in maize.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01240-1.].

Pollen staining is a rapid and cost-effective alternative to marker-assisted selection for recessive waxy1 gene governing high amylopectin in maize.

Waxy maize is popular for food-, feed- and industrial usage. It possesses a recessive waxy1 (wx1) gene that enhances amylopectin to ~ 95-100%, compared to ~ 70-75% in traditional maize. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is a preferred approach to converting normal maize into a waxy version. However, it requires specialized expertise, a well-equipped laboratory, and high cost. Here, pollen staining was used as an alternative approach to MAS. BC1F1, BC1F2 and BC2F2 populations in seven genetic backgrounds segregating for the wx1 gene were used. Pollens treated with iodine-potassium iodide showed that wild types (Wx1Wx1) were dark purple, while waxy pollens (wx1wx1) exhibited red colour. Heterozygotes (Wx1wx1) showed a mix of both dark purple and red colour. Staining of endosperm flour also confirmed the same findings. Wx1-based genotyping using phi022 and wx2507F/RG confirmed the same genotypic status. The average amylopectin among genotypes having red coloured pollens was 97.6%, while it was 72.5% among dark purple. Heterozygotes with both dark purple and red pollens had 85.2% amylopectin. Pollen staining showed complete agreement with the genotyping as well as amylopectin contents. Pollen staining saved 81% cost, and 54% time compared to MAS. This is the first report on the utilization of pollen staining for selecting the wx1 allele in segregating populations used for the development of waxy maize hybrids. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01240-1.

Combining higher accumulation of amylopectin, lysine and tryptophan in maize hybrids through genomics-assisted stacking of waxy1 and opaque2 genes.

Waxy maize rich in amylopectin has emerged as a preferred food. However, waxy maize is poor in lysine and tryptophan, deficiency of which cause severe health problems. So far, no waxy hybrid with high lysine and tryptophan has been developed and commercialized. Here, we combined recessive waxy1 (wx1) and opaque2 (o2) genes in the parental lines of four popular hybrids (HQPM1, HQPM4, HQPM5, and HQPM7) using genomics-assisted breeding. The gene-based markers, wx-2507F/RG and phi057 specific for wx1 and o2, respectively were successfully used to genotype BC1F1, BC2F1 and BC2F2 populations. Background selection with > 100 SSRs resulted in recovering > 94% of the recurrent parent genome. The reconstituted hybrids showed 1.4-fold increase in amylopectin (mean: 98.84%) compared to the original hybrids (mean: 72.45%). The reconstituted hybrids also showed 14.3% and 14.6% increase in lysine (mean: 0.384%) and tryptophan (mean: 0.102%), respectively over the original hybrids (lysine: 0.336%, tryptophan: 0.089%). Reconstituted hybrids also possessed similar grain yield (mean: 6248 kg/ha) with their original versions (mean: 6111 kg/ha). The waxy hybrids with high lysine and tryptophan assume great significance in alleviating malnutrition through sustainable and cost-effective means. This is the first report of development of lysine and tryptophan rich waxy hybrids using genomics-assisted selection.

Metastatic spine tumor surgery: does perioperative blood transfusion influence postoperative complications?

BACKGROUND: The question of independent association between allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT) and postoperative complications in cancer surgeries has been controversial and remains so. In metastatic spine tumor surgery (MSTS), previous studies investigated the influence of ABT on survival, but not on postoperative complications. We aimed to evaluate the influence of perioperative ABT on postoperative complications and infections in patients undergoing MSTS. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 247 patients who underwent MSTS at a single tertiary institution between 2005 and 2014. The outcome measures were postoperative complications and infections within 30 days after MSTS. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess influence of blood transfusion on the outcomes after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Of 247 patients, 133 (54%) received ABT with overall median (range) of 2 (0-10) units. The adjusted odds of developing any postoperative complication was 2.27 times higher in patients with transfusion (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-4.38; p = 0.01) and 1.24 times higher odds per every unit increase in blood transfusion (95% CI, 1.05-1.46; p < 0.01). Exposure to blood transfusion also increased the odds of having overall postoperative infections (odds ratio, 3.58; 95% CI, 1.15-11.11; p = 0.02) and there were 1.24 times higher odds per every unit increase in transfusion (95% CI, 1.01-1.54; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: This study adds evidence to the literature implicating ABT to be influential on postoperative complications and infections in patients undergoing MSTS. Appropriate blood management measures should, therefore, be given a crucial place in the care of these patients so as to reduce any putative effect of blood transfusion.

Perioperative blood transfusion: does it influence survival and cancer progression in metastatic spine tumor surgery?

BACKGROUND: Despite advances in surgical techniques for spinal metastases, there is often substantial blood loss, resulting in patients requiring blood transfusion during the perioperative period. Allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT) has been the main replenishment method for lost blood. However, the impact of ABT on cancer-related outcomes has been controversial in various studies. We aimed to evaluate the influence of perioperative ABT on disease progression and survival in patients undergoing metastatic spinal tumor surgery (MSTS). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study that included 247 patients who underwent MSTS at a single tertiary institution between 2005 and 2014. The impact of using perioperative ABT (either exposure to or quantities of transfusion) on disease progression and survival was assessed using Cox regression analyses while adjusting for potential confounding variables. RESULTS: Of 247 patients, 133 (54%) received ABT. The overall median number of blood units transfused was 2 (range, 0-10 units). Neither blood transfusion exposure nor quantities of transfusion were associated with overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.15 [p = 0.35] and 1.10 [p = 0.11], respectively) and progression-free survival (HR, 0.87 [p = 0.18] and 0.98 [p = 0.11], respectively). The factors that influenced overall survival were primary tumor type and preoperative Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, whereas primary tumor type was the only factor that had an impact on progression-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study providing evidence that disease progression and survival in patients who undergo MSTS are less likely to be influenced by perioperative ABT. The worst oncologic outcomes are more likely to be caused by the clinical circumstances necessitating blood transfusion, but not transfusion itself. However, because ABT can have a propensity toward developing postoperative infections, including surgical site infection, the use of patient blood management interventions would be worthwhile rather than relying solely on ABTs for these patients, if and whenever possible.

Traumatic L5 over S1 spondyloptosis without neurological involvement managed nonoperatively: a case report.

High-grade spondylolisthesis is very rare. We came across a case of high-grade spondylolisthesis at the L5-S1 level in a 32-year-old manual labourer who was hit by a heavy object on his flexed back. The patient presented to us with persistent deformity in the back. He complained of back pain on prolonged standing and after moderate work. Because of that he was unable to return to his work. On clinical examination there was a large step in the lower lumbar region. Detailed neurological evaluation of the lower limbs did not reveal any sensory or motor deficit, neither did bowel or bladder involvement. Radiographic examination showed L5 over S1 traumatic spondyloptosis. CT scan revealed that neural canal was in normal width. MRI confirmed spondyloptosis of L5 over S1 without any compromise of the spinal canal and with normal-looking cauda. Concerning the delayed presentation and no neurological deficit, the patient was managed conservatively after thorough counsel. At 6 months, the patient returned to his work and at the latest follow-up (15 months) he was free from back pain. Conservative means of treatment can lead to satisfactory outcome, especially when the patient has delayed presentation.

T-condylar fracture delayed for 10 days in a 5-year-old boy: a case report and review of the literature.

T-condylar fracture is rare in paediatric age group, especially in skeletally immature children less than 9 years old, with very few cases reported in available literature. We present such a case in a 5 year old child that was initially managed as a supracondylar fracture at another centre before referral to us, 10 days after the injury. The child was diagnosed as having a displaced T-condylar fracture on plain radiograph. Open reduction and internal fixation with K-wires was performed. At 2 years follow-up, the child had good range of motion at elbow with 5°of cubitus varus. With this background we discuss the pertinent principles of management of T-condylar fractures in skele-tally immature children.

Traumatic L5 over S1 spondyloptosis without neurological involvement managed nonoperatively: a case report / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

High-grade spondylolisthesis is very rare. We came across a case of high-grade spondylolisthesis at the L5-S1 level in a 32-year-old manual labourer who was hit by a heavy object on his flexed back. The patient presented to us with persistent deformity in the back. He complained of back pain on prolonged standing and after moderate work. Because of that he was unable to return to his work. On clinical examination there was a large step in the lower lumbar region. Detailed neurological evaluation of the lower limbs did not reveal any sensory or motor deficit, neither did bowel or bladder involvement. Radiographic examination showed L5 over S1 traumatic spondyloptosis. CT scan revealed that neural canal was in normal width. MRI confirmed spondyloptosis of L5 over S1 without any compromise of the spinal canal and with normal-looking cauda. Concerning the delayed presentation and no neurological deficit, the patient was managed conservatively after thorough counsel. At 6 months, the patient returned to his work and at the latest follow-up (15 months) he was free from back pain. Conservative means of treatment can lead to satisfactory outcome, especially when the patient has delayed presentation.

T-condylar fracture delayed for 10 days in a 5-year-old boy: a case report and review of the literature / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

T-condylar fracture is rare in paediatric age group, especially in skeletally immature children less than 9 years old, with very few cases reported in available literature. We present such a case in a 5 year old child that was initially managed as a supracondylar fracture at another centre before referral to us, 10 days after the injury. The child was diagnosed as having a displaced T-condylar fracture on plain radiograph. Open reduction and internal fixation with K-wires was performed. At 2 years follow-up, the child had good range of motion at elbow with 5°of cubitus varus. With this background we discuss the pertinent principles of management of T-condylar fractures in skele-tally immature children.

Bilateral four-part anterior fracture dislocation of the shoulder--a case report and review of literature.

Although bilateral anterior dislocation of shoulder is not that uncommon, there have been only 12 published reports on bilateral anterior fracture dislocation of shoulder. The associated fractures have mostly been greater tuberosity fractures with bilateral three part fractures being reported in only two cases. To our knowledge, a bilateral four part anterior fracture dislocation of the shoulder has not yet been reported in the English literature. We here report a case of bilateral anterior fracture dislocation with four part fracture of both proximal humeri in a 60-year-old male due to electrocution. Considering the comparatively old age of the patient and excessive comminution of both the fractures, a bilateral hemiarthroplasty was done. At the last follow-up after more than 2 years, the patient was pain free with ability to comfortably carry out most of the activities of daily life. Through our case report, we highlight the rarity of the condition and review the available literature on the subject. We also emphasize the importance of meticulous perioperative planning when dealing with such cases to ensure a satisfactory long-term outcome.

Axillary artery thrombosis with anteroinferior shoulder dislocation: a rare case report and review of literature.

A very rare and serious complication of shoulder dislocation is a lesion to the axillary artery in the elderly population, whose vascular structures have become less flexible. Axillary artery injury secondary to anteroinferior shoulder dislocation is much rarer, especially in the young people. Proper recognition and treatment of this entity offers a full recovery to the patient. Present report highlights the possibility of axillary artery injury with anteroinferior shoulder dislocation. A few case reports and small case series of this injury have been reviewed. And recommendations for management have been brought up to date, in line with current thinking.

Bilateral pathological dislocation of the hip secondary to tuberculous arthritis following disseminated tuberculosis: a case report and review of the literature.

Pathological dislocation of the hip has been reported as a complication in various hip disorders. Several pathomechanisms including capsular laxity, synovial hypertrophy, and acetabular and proximal femur destruction have been described. We report a case of bilateral pathological dislocation of the hip in a 6-year-old girl secondary to tuberculous arthritis following disseminated tuberculosis, which we managed operatively. At the 18-month follow-up, the child had a clinically stable left hip despite radiological subluxation. Bilateral pathological dislocation of the hip associated with tuberculous arthritis is a rare condition and has never been reported in the literature.

Axillary artery thrombosis with anteroinferior shoulder dislocation: a rare case report and review of literature / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

A very rare and serious complication of shoulder dislocation is a lesion to the axillary artery in the elderly population, whose vascular structures have become less flexible. Axillary artery injury secondary to anteroinferior shoulder dislocation is much rarer, especially in the young people. Proper recognition and treatment of this entity offers a full recovery to the patient. Present report highlights the possibility of axillary artery injury with anteroinferior shoulder dislocation. A few case reports and small case series of this injury have been reviewed. And recommendations for management have been brought up to date, in line with current thinking.

Serologic survey for Bordetella bronchiseptica in Nebraska specific-pathogen-free pigs.

The frequency of Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in Nebraska specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs was determined by serologic and bacteriologic cultural analysis. Serum samples from non-SPF herds were tested for comparison. A total of 1,282 of 1,397 (92%) of the SPF pigs tested had antibody to B bronchiseptica; 37 of 220 (17%) were culture-positive, and 67 of 4125 (1.6%) were considered suspicious for atrophic rhinitis during slaughter inspection. A higher percentage of the non-SPF pigs had titers to B bronchiseptica (642 of 659 pigs or 97% of the pigs tested). There was no relationship between the B bronchiseptica antibody titer, the isolation of B bronchiseptica, or the frequency of gross lesions of atrophic rhinitis from pigs within the herd. The serum agglutination test may be a more reliable procedure for determining the herd prevalence of B bronchiseptica than isolation of the organism by cultural methods.