Can mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue and their conditioned medium improve ovarian functions? A mini-review.

Stable ovarian function is a key factor in the performance of the reproductive system. In contrast, some ovarian function-related diseases, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, premature ovarian failure (POF), and ovarian cancer, are the main cause of infertility and death of women around the world. Despite multiple attempts, there are no effective tools against these conditions; however, mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy, especially using adipose tissue, has attracted much attention in medicine in light of its advantages such as easy isolation and accessibility. Conversely, it has been suggested that MSC-conditioned medium (CM) can restore injured tissues and has high immunocompatibility. So, here, we will summarize the effects of administration of MSCs and CM derived from adipose tissue on ovarian functions and related diseases.

In vitro biological and in silico molecular docking and ADME studies of a substituted triazine-coordinated cadmium(II) ion: efficient cytotoxicity, apoptosis, genotoxicity, and nuclease-like activity plus binding affinity towards apoptosis-related proteins.

A cadmium(II) complex containing dppt ligand with the formula [CdCl2(dppt)2], where dppt is 5,6-diphenyl-3-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazine was synthesized, elucidated and submitted to in vitro cytotoxicity studies against human breast (MCF-7), glioblastoma (U-87), and lung (A549) cancer cell lines as well as mouse embryo normal cell line (NIH/3T3), in comparison with cisplatin employing MTT assay over 24 and 48 h. The complex exhibited the highest cytotoxic effect against MCF-7 cells among the other three cell lines with IC50 values of 8.7 ± 0.5 (24 h) and 1.2 ± 0.7 µM (48 h). Significantly, flow cytometric assessment of the complex-treated MCF-7 and U-87 cells demonstrated a dose-dependent induced apoptotic cell death. The cellular morphological changes were in concord with cytotoxicity and flow cytometric results. The results of comet assay showed that the complex is able to induce DNA damage in MCF-7 cells. These observations are of importance, as sustained damage to cellular DNA could lead to apoptotic cell death. The results of DNA-binding studies indicated that the complex fits into the DNA minor groove and interacts with DNA via a partial intercalation. Moreover, the complex was able to efficiently cleave pUC19 DNA through a hydrolytic mechanism. The binding affinity between the complex and apoptosis-relevant protein targets including APAF1, Bax, Bcl-2, Cas3, Cas7, and Cas9 was evaluated through molecular docking studies. In silico virtual studies revealed the complex's strong affinity towards apoptosis-related proteins; therefore the complex can act as a potential apoptosis inducer. Physicochemical, pharmacokinetics, lipophilicity, drug-likeness, and medicinal chemistry properties of the complex were also predicted through in silico absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion studies.