Fertility outcomes after extended searches for ejaculated spermatozoa in men with virtual azoospermia.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the fertility outcomes of extended searches for ejaculated spermatozoa in men with virtual azoospermia. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort of 242 couples whose male partner suffered from nonobstructive azoospermia and who were treated with the use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). SETTING: Not applicable. PATIENT(S): One hundred forty patients were referred to an extended search in the ejaculate and 102 patients were referred to microsurgical testicular sperm extraction (microTESE). INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Rates of sperm retrieval, fertilization, and pregnancy, take-home baby rate, and missed abortion rate were analyzed and compared. RESULT(S): In the ejaculated spermatozoa group, motile spermatozoa were retrieved in 91 cases (65%) and on oocyte pick-up day in 71 cases (78%), compared with 70 cases (68%) in the microTESE group, with a similar incidence of sperm retrieval between groups. No significant difference was found between groups regarding mean number of embryo transfer and fertilization and pregnancy rates. There was no significant difference between groups regarding take-home baby rate. A significantly higher first-trimester missed abortion rate was found in the ejaculated sperm group (n = 14; 52%) compared with the microTESE group (n = 3; 8.6%). CONCLUSION(S): Conducting an extended spermatozoa search in the ejaculate of men with virtual azoospermia can provide pregnancy rates similar to those obtained with the use of microTESE, with a higher rate of spontaneous abortions in the ejaculate group.

Sexual dysfunction after radical prostatectomy: treatment failure or treatment delay?

This study defines characteristics of delayed help-seeking in men who fail phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5I) treatment for their post radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) erectile dysfunction (ED). Medical charts were reviewed retrospectively. All men were offered second line treatment with vacuum devices or intracavernous injection (ICI) and sex therapy. This study included thirty one patients. Average age at surgery was 60 years (SD = 5.3, range 46-70). Average period for second line help-seeking was 25.9 months (SD = 12.9, range 3-111). All subjects believed that surgery would not affect their sexual function. Twenty men (65%) used ICI as a second line treatment. Eleven men (35%) declined treatment, waiting for spontaneous recovery. In ICI sub-group, 5 men (25%) regained spontaneous erection within 7-10 months after initial treatment (16-19 months post-surgery). Seven men (35%) responded positively to PDE5I 3-5 months after starting ICI. Three men (15%) used vacuum device. None regained spontaneous erection. All 7 men (23%) who met sex therapist with their partner reported improved sexual life, even if ED wasn't resolved. Patients should receive comprehensive information about sexual recovery, to encourage early ED treatment after RRP and to overcome unwanted misconceptions regarding spontaneous recovery.

Bulbocavernosus reflex testing: a preliminary study on the prognostic factors for potency and response to sildenafil citrate after bilateral nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy.

OBJECTIVE: Erectile dysfunction (ED) following radical prostatectomy is of major concern for both patients and caring physicians. We evaluated the bulbocavernosus reflex latency (BCRL) and amplitude (BCRA) following bilateral nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy (NS-RRP) to predict the response to sildenafil citrate (SC). METHODS: Patients were recruited in our ED clinic following NS-RRP. Exclusion criteria included preoperative significant ED, neurological disease, and nitrates treatment. Patients were defined as non-responders only after four consecutive unsuccessful trials of 100 mg SC. RESULTS: Twenty patients at least 3 months after surgery were included in this study. Five patients (25%) regained spontaneous erections, although insufficient for vaginal penetration. All of them had normal BCRL and normal BCRA as well as good response to 100 mg SC. Three patients (15%) lacked spontaneous erections and had prolonged BCRL with normal BCRA. This subgroup eventually regained erections using SC. Twelve patients (60%) lacked spontaneous erections and had prolonged BCRL and low BCRA. They failed SC trials and achieved erections using intra-cavernosal injections (ICI) of 10 microg PGE(1). CONCLUSIONS: Neurophysiologic evaluation consisting of BCRL and BCRA was found to be useful in the prediction of the response to SC following bilateral NS-RRP. Patients who do not regain an erection, and have abnormal BCRL and BCRA 6 months after surgery, will probably be SC non-responders and may benefit from ICI. A subset of patients with preserved BCRA and prolonged latencies has been shown to have a better chance to respond to SC.

PSA levels of 4.0 - 10 ng/mL and negative digital rectal examination. Antibiotic therapy versus immediate prostate biopsy.

PURPOSE: The management of mildly elevated (4.0-10.0 ng/ml) prostate specific antigen (PSA) is uncertain. Immediate prostate biopsy, antibiotic treatment, or short term monitoring PSA level for 1-3 months is still in controversy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients in a large community practice (2003 - 2007) who had PSA levels between 4.0-10 ng/mL without any further evidence of infection. Data was gathered regarding patient's age, whether standard antibiotic therapy (10-14 days of ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin) had been administered before the second PSA measurement, results of a second PSA test performed at 1- to 2-month intervals, whether a prostate biopsy was performed and its result. RESULTS: One-hundred and thirty-five men met the study inclusion criteria with 65 (48.1%) having received antibiotics (group 1); the PSA levels decreased in 39 (60%) of which, sixteen underwent a biopsy which demonstrated prostate cancer in 4 (25%). Twenty-six (40%) patients of group 1 exhibited no decrease in PSA levels; seventeen of them underwent a biopsy that demonstrated cancer in 2 (12%). The other 70 (51.9%) patients were not treated with antibiotics (group 2); the PSA levels decreased in 42 (60%) of which, thirteen underwent a biopsy which demonstrated prostate cancer in 4 (31%). In the other 28 (40%) patients of group 2 there was no demonstrated decrease in PSA, nineteen of these subjects underwent a biopsy that demonstrated cancer in 8 (42%). CONCLUSIONS: There appears to be no advantage for administration of antibacterial therapy with initial PSA levels between 4-10 ng/mL without overt evidence of inflammation.

PSA levels of 4.0 - 10 ng/ml and negative digital rectal examination: antibiotic therapy versus immediate prostate biopsy

Purpose: The management of mildly elevated (4.0-10.0 ng/ml) prostate specific antigen (PSA) is uncertain. Immediate prostate biopsy, antibiotic treatment, or short term monitoring PSA level for 1-3 months is still in controversy. Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients in a large community practice (2003 - 2007) who had PSA levels between 4.0-10 ng/mL without any further evidence of infection. Data was gathered regarding patient's age, whether standard antibiotic therapy (10-14 days of ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin) had been administered before the second PSA measurement, results of a second PSA test performed at 1- to 2-month intervals, whether a prostate biopsy was performed and its result. Results: One-hundred and thirty-five men met the study inclusion criteria with 65 (48.1 percent) having received antibiotics (group 1); the PSA levels decreased in 39 (60 percent) of which, sixteen underwent a biopsy which demonstrated prostate cancer in 4 (25 percent). Twenty-six (40 percent) patients of group 1 exhibited no decrease in PSA levels; seventeen of them underwent a biopsy that demonstrated cancer in 2 (12 percent). The other 70 (51.9 percent) patients were not treated with antibiotics (group 2); the PSA levels decreased in 42 (60 percent) of which, thirteen underwent a biopsy which demonstrated prostate cancer in 4 (31 percent). In the other 28 (40 percent) patients of group 2 there was no demonstrated decrease in PSA, nineteen of these subjects underwent a biopsy that demonstrated cancer in 8 (42 percent). Conclusions: There appears to be no advantage for administration of antibacterial therapy with initial PSA levels between 4-10 ng/mL without overt evidence of inflammation.

Fish based preimplantation genetic diagnosis to prevent DiGeorge syndrome.

PURPOSE: To report the performance of fluorescence in-situ hybridization in the setting of preimplantation genetic diagnosis in order to diagnose embryos affected by DiGeorge syndrome. DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Academic referral center. PATIENT: A 32 year-old female affected by DiGeorge syndrome. INTERVENTION(S): History and physical examination, karyotyping, amniocentesis, preimplantation genetic diagnosis, fluorescence in-situ hybridization. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Avoidance of pregnancy with embryo affected by DiGeorge syndrome. RESULT(S): Termination of pregnancy with an affected embryo followed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization based preimplantation genetic diagnosis and delivery of healthy offspring. CONCLUSION(S): The combination of preimplantation genetic diagnosis with fluorescence in-situ hybridization is recommended to prevent pregnancies with DiGeorge syndrome affected embryos in properly selected patients.

Effect of craniosacral therapy on lower urinary tract signs and symptoms in multiple sclerosis.

To examine whether craniosacral therapy improves lower urinary tract symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. A prospective cohort study. Out-patient clinic of multiple sclerosis center in a referral medical center. Hands on craniosacral therapy (CST). Change in lower urinary tract symptoms, post voiding residual volume and quality of life. Patients from our multiple sclerosis clinic were assessed before and after craniosacral therapy. Evaluation included neurological examination, disability status determination, ultrasonographic post voiding residual volume estimation and questionnaires regarding lower urinary tract symptoms and quality of life. Twenty eight patients met eligibility criteria and were included in this study. Comparison of post voiding residual volume, lower urinary tract symptoms and quality of life before and after craniosacral therapy revealed a significant improvement (0.001>p>0.0001). CST was found to be an effective means for treating lower urinary tract symptoms and improving quality of life in MS patients.

Male infertility associated with adult dominant polycystic kidney disease: a case series.

INTRODUCTION: Although described earlier, the association of male infertility with adult dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is quite rare and unfamiliar to some of the multidisciplinary team members caring for affected men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Infertile men diagnosed to have ADPKD were evaluated by clinical characteristics including testis volume, as well as serum hormone levels, semen analysis, and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) because of low volume ejaculate. RESULTS: Semen analysis revealed low-normal volume, normal pH, and azoospermia/virtual azoospermia. Serum hormones were within the normal range. Transrectal ultrasonography demonstrated cystic dilatation of the seminal vesicles in all three men. CONCLUSION: Patients should be referred for andrological evaluation of a presentation similar to obstructive azoospermia. Their potential to achieve paternity by surgical sperm retrieval combined with assisted reproductive technology is another example of cooperation between andrologists and gynecologists.

Isolation and characterization of pluripotent human spermatogonial stem cell-derived cells.

Several reports have documented the derivation of pluripotent cells (multipotent germline stem cells) from spermatogonial stem cells obtained from the adult mouse testis. These spermatogonia-derived stem cells express embryonic stem cell markers and differentiate to the three primary germ layers, as well as the germline. Data indicate that derivation may involve reprogramming of endogenous spermatogonia in culture. Here, we report the derivation of human multipotent germline stem cells (hMGSCs) from a testis biopsy. The cells express distinct markers of pluripotency, form embryoid bodies that contain derivatives of all three germ layers, maintain a normal XY karyotype, are hypomethylated at the H19 locus, and express high levels of telomerase. Teratoma assays indicate the presence of human cells 8 weeks post-transplantation but limited teratoma formation. Thus, these data suggest the potential to derive pluripotent cells from human testis biopsies but indicate a need for novel strategies to optimize hMGSC culture conditions and reprogramming.

To bury the knot, then, is better than not.

Penile curvature is a defect associated with both mental distress and sexual dysfunction. Of the different surgical methods for correction, plication techniques are considered the least technically demanding. However, the use of non-absorbable sutures in the tunica albuginea carries a potential for formation of bothersome subcutaneous nodules. Herein we describe our experience using a simple cavernotomy incision to bury the plication knot to avoid this complication.