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1.
Mol Cell Biochem ; 450(1-2): 105-112, 2019 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29909574

RESUMO

Vitamin D3 deficiency was found to be tightly linked to many health problems including metabolic syndrome, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In our study, we tested the possible antidiabetic effects of one of vitamin D3 analogs, alfacalcidol, solely or in a combination with metformin on type 2 diabetic rats. Type 2 diabetic model rats were induced by feeding high-fat diet for 4 weeks followed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. In addition to the control group, the diabetic rats were divided into four groups: untreated, metformin-treated, alfacalcidol-treated, and combination-treated group (metformin + alfacalcidol) for 4 weeks. The level of fasting blood glucose, fasting serum insulin, homeostatic model of insulin resistance, serum lipid profile, liver enzymes, calcium, phosphorus, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were also determined. Besides, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and vitamin D receptors (VDR) gene expression at mRNA and protein levels were evaluated. The level of significance was fixed at P ≤ 0.05 for all statistical tests. Alfacalcidol, solely or combined with metformin, significantly ameliorated glucose homeostasis and lipid profile parameters (P < 0.001) with a neutral effect on calcium and phosphorus levels. Significant downregulation of mRNA expression of SREBP-1c in the liver, white as well as brown adipose tissues (P < 0.001) and different patterns of mRNA expression of VDR gene in pancreas and white adipose tissue were observed in rats treated with alfacalcidol solely or in combination with metformin. Vitamin D3 analogs can modulate glucose parameters and lipid metabolism in a diabetic rat model and it provides additional protective effects when combined with metformin.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Hidroxicolecalciferóis/farmacologia , Fígado/metabolismo , Receptores de Calcitriol , Animais , Calcifediol/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patologia , Masculino , Metformina/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptores de Calcitriol/agonistas , Receptores de Calcitriol/biossíntese , Proteína de Ligação a Elemento Regulador de Esterol 1/biossíntese
2.
J Pharm Pharmacol ; 67(5): 731-9, 2015 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25644194

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to evaluate the effects of chronic cyclosporine A (CsA) treatment and acute renal ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) on the kidney and liver in thymoquinone (TQ)-treated rats. METHODS: In the CsA study, adult male rats were divided into control, CsA (25 mg/kg per day), TQ (10 mg/kg per day) and CsA + TQ groups, and rat treatment was for 28 days. In the I/R study, adult male rats were divided into sham-operated, I/R (renal ischaemia for 60 min followed by 60 min reperfusion) and TQ + I/R (TQ 10 mg/kg, 24 h and 1 h before ischaemia) groups. KEY FINDINGS: CsA treatment and renal I/R caused kidney and liver dysfunction as evaluated by histopathological changes and biochemical parameters. TQ treatment reduced elevated serum indices back to control levels and ameliorated CsA-induced kidney and liver histopathological changes. In renal and hepatic tissues, CsA and renal I/R induced significant increases in malondialdehyde levels with significant decreases in reduced glutathione levels and superoxide dismutase activities. Such changes in oxidative stress markers were counteracted by TQ treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Kidney and liver injury due to CsA or renal I/R can be significantly reduced by TQ, which resets the oxidant/antioxidant balance of the affected organs through scavenging free radicals and antilipoperoxidative effects.


Assuntos
Benzoquinonas/farmacologia , Benzoquinonas/uso terapêutico , Ciclosporina/efeitos adversos , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/tratamento farmacológico , Alanina Transaminase/sangue , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Creatinina/sangue , Glutationa/metabolismo , Rim/metabolismo , Rim/patologia , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Malondialdeído , Ratos , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/sangue , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/patologia , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Ureia/sangue
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