A promising poly (e-caprolactone)/graphene-based scaffold as an antibacterial in regenerating bone tissue.

Scaffolds are 3D biomaterials that provide an environment for cell regeneration. In the context of bone remodeling, poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) combined with graphene has been developed as the scaffold. It is imperative for scaffolds to possess antibacterial properties in order to properly reduce the risk of potential infections.Therefore, this study aims to analyze the antibacterial characteristics of PCL/graphene scaffolds against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in vitro. In this study, five different groups were used, including PCL (K-), Amoxicillin (K+), PCL/Graphene 0.5 wt%, PCL/graphene 1 wt% and PCL/Graphene 1.5 wt%. All experiments were performed in triplicates and were repeated three times, and the diffusion method by Kirby-Bauer test was used. The disc was incubated with S. aureus and P. gingivalis for 24 hours and then the diameter of the inhibition zone was measured. The results showed that the PCL/graphene scaffolds exhibited dose-dependent antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. gingivalis. The inhibition zone diameter (IZD) against S. aureus of PCL/graphene 1 wt% was 9.53 ± 0.74 mm, and increased to 11.93 ± 0.92 mm at a concentration of 1.5 wt% of graphene. The PCL/graphene scaffold with 1.5 wt% exhibited a greater inhibitory effect, with an IZD of 12.56 ± 0.06 mm against P. gingivalis, while the inhibitory activity of the 1 wt% variant was relatively lower at 10.46 ± 0.24 mm. The negative control, PCL, and PCL/graphene 0.5 wt% exhibited no antibacterial activity sequentially (p = 1). Scaffolds of poly(e-caprolactone)/graphene exhibited an antibacterial activity at 1, and 1.5 wt% on S. aureus and P. gingivalis. The antibacterial properties of this scaffold make it a promising candidate for regenerating bone tissue.

Cell detachment rates and confluence of fibroblast and osteoblast cell culture using different washing solutions / Taxas de desprendimento celular e confluência de cultura celular de fibroblastos e osteoblastos a partir de diferentes soluções de lavagem

The advancements in the cell culture studies have led to the development of regenerative medicine concept. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of some washing solutions, including phosphate buffered saline (PBS), sodium chloride (NaCl), and ringer's lactate (RL) on the rate of detachment and confluency in fibroblast and osteoblast cell culture. Baby Hamster Kidney 21 clone 13 (BHK21/C13) fibroblast cells and 7F2 osteoblast were cultured on T25 flasks for 3-4 days. Three treatment groups were classified on the basis of different washing solutions used in the moment before trypsinization: PBS, 0.9% NaCl, and RL. Each group was measured for the detachment rate and cell confluence. The measurement was done in 2 passage numbers. The use of PBS, NaCl, and RL washing solution showed that detachment time was less than 5 minutes for the fibroblasts and 3 minutes for the osteoblasts. There was a significant difference in the rate of fibroblast cell detachment (p=0.006) and osteoblast (p=0.016). The capability of fibroblasts and osteoblasts to achieve a confluence of 106 cells/well on the first and second measurements was almost the same between the washing solution groups. The use of physiological 0.9% NaCl solution as a washing solution in fibroblast and osteoblast cell culture has almost the same effectiveness as PBS to help accelerate cell detachment in less than 5 minutes without influencing the capability of cells to proliferate.

Os avanços nos estudos de cultura de células levaram ao desenvolvimento do conceito de medicina regenerativa. O objetivo deste estudo é comparar a eficácia de algumas soluções de lavagem, incluindo solução salina tamponada com fosfato (PBS), cloreto de sódio (NaCl) e lactato de ringer (RL) na taxa de desprendimento e confluência em cultura de células de fibroblastos e osteoblastos. Células de fibroblastos Baby Hamster Kidney 21 clone 13 (BHK21/C13) e osteoblastos 7F2 foram cultivadas em frascos T25 por 3-4 dias. Três grupos de tratamento foram classificados com base nas diferentes soluções de lavagem utilizadas no momento anterior à tripsinização: PBS, NaCl 0,9% e RL. Cada grupo foi medido para a taxa de desprendimento e confluência celular. A medição foi feita em 2 números de passagem. O uso de solução de lavagem PBS, NaCl e RL mostrou que o tempo de descolamento foi inferior a 5 minutos para os fibroblastos e 3 minutos para os osteoblastos. Houve uma diferença significativa na taxa de desprendimento de células fibroblásticas (p=0.006) e osteoblasto (p=0.016). A capacidade de fibroblastos e osteoblastos de atingir uma confluência de 106 células/well na primeira e segunda medições foi quase a mesma entre os grupos de solução de lavagem. O uso de solução fisiológica de NaCl (0.9%) como solução de lavagem em cultura de células de fibroblastos e osteoblastos tem quase a mesma eficácia que o PBS para ajudar a acelerar o desprendimento celular em menos de 5 minutos sem influenciar a capacidade das células de proliferar.

Cell detachment rates and confluence of fibroblast and osteoblast cell culture using different washing solutions.

The advancements in the cell culture studies have led to the development of regenerative medicine concept. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of some washing solutions, including phosphate buffered saline (PBS), sodium chloride (NaCl), and ringer's lactate (RL) on the rate of detachment and confluency in fibroblast and osteoblast cell culture. Baby Hamster Kidney 21 clone 13 (BHK21/C13) fibroblast cells and 7F2 osteoblast were cultured on T25 flasks for 3-4 days. Three treatment groups were classified on the basis of different washing solutions used in the moment before trypsinization: PBS, 0.9% NaCl, and RL. Each group was measured for the detachment rate and cell confluence. The measurement was done in 2 passage numbers. The use of PBS, NaCl, and RL washing solution showed that detachment time was less than 5 minutes for the fibroblasts and 3 minutes for the osteoblasts. There was a significant difference in the rate of fibroblast cell detachment (p=0.006) and osteoblast (p=0.016). The capability of fibroblasts and osteoblasts to achieve a confluence of 106 cells/well on the first and second measurements was almost the same between the washing solution groups. The use of physiological 0.9% NaCl solution as a washing solution in fibroblast and osteoblast cell culture has almost the same effectiveness as PBS to help accelerate cell detachment in less than 5 minutes without influencing the capability of cells to proliferate.