[Clinicopathological significance of ISYNA1 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma].

Objective: To study the expression of ISYNA1 and association of ISYNA1 with clinicopathological significance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods: Collecting clinical data and specimens of 68 PDAC patients at Department of General Surgery, the First Hospital of China Medical University from March 2008 to December 2017.There were 39 males and 29 females, aged 33 to 81 years(median 59 years).The expression of ISYNA1 in 68 paraffin embedded PDAC specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry,in which 34 had paired non-cancerous pancreatic tissues,the relationship between ISYNA1 expression and clinicopathological parameters was analyzed; and the correlation between ISYNA1 and p53 in 48 PDAC specimens were estimated.qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to examine the expression of ISYNA1 mRNA and protein level in 17 paired fresh PDAC specimens and adjacent non-cancerous pancreatic tissues,respectively.siRNA interference was used to knockdown the expression of p53 in Capan-2,SW1990 and Miapaca-2 cells,and association of p53 with ISYNA1 expression was explored. Statistical methods included Student's test,χ(2) test, Kaplan-Meier curve, Log-rank test and Pearson analysis, respectively. Results: Immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression of ISYNA1 in PDAC(3.681±2.198)was significantly lower than that in normal pancreatic tissues(6.012±3.428)(t=-3.611,P=0.001).In 17 paired fresh PDAC specimens,ISYNA1 mRNA expression in non-cancerous pancreatic tissues(()ΔC(T): (3.721±2.234)was obviously higher than that in PDAC tissues ()ΔC(T): (5).889±1.607) (t=-4.636,P<0.01), and ISYNA1 protein level in non-cancerous pancreatic tissues(0.815±0.418)was similarly higher than that in PDAC tissues(0.517±0.240)(t=2.948,P=0.009).χ(2) test showed the expression of ISYNA1 was negatively associated with tumor invasion depth(χ(2)=7.534,P=0.030)and vascular invasion(χ(2)=5.048,P=0.043);Pearson analysis showed there was no relationship between ISYNA1 and mutant p53(χ(2)=1.377,P=0.359).In p53 wild-type Capan-2 and SW1990 cells,Knockdown of p53 significantly down regulated ISYNA1 expression, whereas had no effect on ISYNA1 expression in p53 mutant Miapaca-2 cells. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Log-Rank test indicated patients with negative ISYNA1 expression had a shorter median survival time and poorer prognosis(χ(2)=4.953, P=0.026). Conclusions: The expression of ISYNA1 in PDAC tissues is significantly decreased,which is associated with the prognosis of PDAC patients,it is only related to wild type p53,and has no relationship with mutant p53.Abnormal expression of ISYNA1 may play an important role in the progression of PDAC.

[Discussion on medicinal history and germplasm resource of Clinopodium Herba].

By sorting out the literature on materiamedica, it is found that medicinal history of ClinopodiumHerba is rather long which can be traced back to caoxuejiein Lüchan yan ben cao (Mountainous Materia Medica) with definite efficacy and usage; it is generally believed that the original plant of ClinopodiumHerba is Clinopodiumpolycephalum (Vaniot) C. Y. Wu et Hsuan and C. chinensis (Benth.) O. Kuntze are two separate species, also some scholarsclaim that C. polycephalum and C. chinensisare the same plant. But I think C. polycephalum is the main origin of ClinopodiumHerba, and the relationship of C. polycephalum and C. chinensis maybe a species and its variety.

[Preoperative restricted versus liberal fluid administration on perioperative safety for pancreatic surgery: a Meta-analysis].

Objective: To assess the perioperative safety of preoperative restricted fluid administration and liberal fluid administration for pancreatic surgery. Methods: The randomized controlled trials comparing restricted and liberal in pancreatic surgery were collected by searching the databases of PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library.Two reviewers independently selected studies according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, then extracted the data and assessed the quality of included studies.Meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3 software. Results: A total of 4 studies involving 785 patients were finally included, with 396 cases in restricted group and 389 cases in liberal group.Results of Meta-analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, mortality, reoperation in-hospital and length of stay(all P>0.05). Conclusion: With regard to pancreatic surgery, restricted fluid administration do not have outstanding advantages.

[Relationship and clinicopathological significance of Numb and epithelial-mesenchymal transition related proteins in human pancreatic cancer].

Objective: To study the relationship and clinicopathological significance of Numb and epithelial-mesenchymal transition related proteins in human pancreatic cancer(PC). Methods: Sixty-three cases of pancreatic cancer tissues were obtained from department of gastrointestinal surgery in the First Hospital of China Medical University from January 2005 to December 2012, all samples were histopathologically proved to be adenocarcinoma. The expressions of Numb, E-cadherin and Vimentin proteins in 63 cases of pancreatic cancer specimens were detected by immunohistochemistry. Western blot and real-time PCR were used to examine the protein and mRNA levels in two pancreatic cancer cell lines. Pearson and chi-squared tests were used to analyze the relationship and clinicopathological characters with PC patients. Kaplan-Meier curve and log rank test were used to estimate the difference of PC patients' survival. Results: The positive rates of Numb, E-cadherin and Vimentin expressions were 46.0%, 41.3% and 28.6%, respectively. Numb expression was negatively associated with tumor size, differentiation and UICC stage(r=-0.310, P=0.010; r=-0.359, P=0.004; r=-0.228, P=0.020), while E-cadherin expression was negatively related with tumor differentiation(r=-0.316, P=0.012). In contrast, Vimentin expression was positively related with pancreatic cancer differentiation and lymph metastasis(r=0.264, P=0.036; r=0.274, P=0.030). Correlation analysis showed Numb had a positive association with E-cad expression(r=0.325, P=0.010), but had no association with Vimentin. Moreover, patients with co-expression of Numb and E-cadherin had a significantly better overall survival in Kaplan-Meier univariate analysis(P=0.046). Immunoblotting and real-time PCR showed that high Numb protein and mRNA levels in BxPC-3 cells were followed with high E-cadherin and low Vimentin expressions, whereas low Numb protein and mRNA levels in PANC-1 cells were followed with low E-cadherin and high Vimentin expressions, respectively. Conclusions: Numb has a positive relationship with E-cadherin in both pancreatic cancer tissues and cells.The interaction between them might participate in the initiation and development of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer.

Double NOR is not a good indicator of risk for Down syndrome.

The silver staining technique was applied to study the nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) of 38 parents of children with Down syndrome and 40 parents of healthy offspring. Double NOR (dNOR) variants were found in both groups of parents. We compared the incidence of dNOR between these two groups. Our results indicate that different conclusions can be drawn from the same data depending on how the analyses are carried out. It seems to us that dNOR is not a useful marker for predicting whether or not its carrier is at a higher risk of having children with Down syndrome.

Chromosome analysis on two long-term established human colorectal carcinoma cell lines.

A chromosomal analysis was carried out on two colorectal carcinoma cell lines (WiDr and COLO 205), which were established 15-20 years ago in the US and were collected by the Cell Bank of the Veterans General Hospital in Taipei. Among the 200 cells counted, 65.5% of WiDr (male) had 68-73 chromosomes, while 74% of the COLO 205 (female) had 70-76 chromosomes per cell. The Y chromosome was absent in the 30 WiDr metaphases analyzed. None of the other chromosomes, including X and the autosomes of both WiDr and COLO 205, revealed such a numerical deficiency. Over half of the autosomes had an average number per cell above 2.0. The existence of 5 or 6 normal homologues for certain autosomes was not rare in either line. Numerous structural abnormal marker chromosomes were present in the cells. As compared with the original chromosome findings which were done over 10 years ago, we noted that the range of chromosome counts was wider and the number of marker chromosomes increased in these long-term cultivated cell lines.

Chromosome analysis of 31 Wilms' tumors.

Cytogenetic analysis was done on 31 Wilms' tumors, including 2 renal tumors of clear cell sarcoma type, using short term cultures of primary tumors and/or nude mouse passages. Nonrandom secondary chromosome abnormalities, in particular, were noted as evidence of clonal evolution. Apparently normal karyotypes were found in 5 Wilms' tumors, all in patients less than or equal to 22 months old, and in one clear cell sarcoma. Abnormal karyotypes were seen in 25 tumors (80%); 6 were pseudodiploid, 3 were hypodiploid, and 16 (52%) were hyperdiploid, of which 8 had a modal number of 47-49 and 8 had a modal number of 50-55. Nonrandom structural abnormalities involved 1p/1q, 11p, 7p/7q, 16p/16q, 12q, and 17p/17q. Nonrandom numerical abnormalities included +6, +8, and +18. Trisomy 12 was the most common abnormality, structural or numerical, seen in 52% of tumors (81% of the hyperdiploid). In 2 tumors the +12 was the only apparent abnormality; in 1 other tumor an i(12q) was seen, suggesting that +12 may have special significance in the clonal progression of Wilms' tumor. Informative karyotypes of 68 Wilms' tumors from other reports were reviewed and compared to results in this series.

Comparison of chromosome analysis to DNA content by flow cytometry for pediatric tumors.

Chromosome analyses in a series of 50 pediatric tumor samples showed abnormal chromosome number, ranging from hypodiploid to tetraploid. Aliquots of the same solid tumor samples were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). Material from spontaneous abortions and 12 tumor samples with normal chromosomes were also compared in a control series of 83 samples. Tumors or abortuses with 44-48 chromosomes could not be differentiated from material with normal diploid complement by FCM. However, greater than or equal to 3-4 extra chromosomes produced detectable differences in mean DNA index. Triploidy and tetraploidy were readily identified by FCM. It is concluded that FCM could identify an important group of hyperdiploid pediatric tumors, as well as 3N and 4N tumor complements.

Molecular differential pathology of rhabdomyosarcoma.

Tumors of the soft tissues are classified histogenetically according to their phenotypic resemblance to normal adult tissue. Here we describe molecular approaches that make it possible to distinguish between one class of these tumors, rhabdomyosarcoma, and other small-, round-cell tumors. We show that the ascertainment of specific genotypic changes can be used to distinguish further between the embryonal and alveolar subtypes of rhabdomyosarcoma. We tested our model in two ways: first, in a retrospective analysis of diagnostically problematic cases of undifferentiated, small-cell tumors and, second, in a blind study of pediatric tumors. Rhabdomyosarcoma was correctly identified in all cases using this strategy alone. The underlying simplicity of the strategy used to define rhabdomyosarcoma subtypes with molecular markers suggests a model by which tumors can be unequivocally identified, which may apply equally well to other human solid tumors.