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Objective To investigate the effect of liraglutide on glucagon release in obese type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods A multi-center, prospective, and self-comparison study was conducted in four hospitals in Qingdao. Twenty-four patients with T2DM were selected and treated with liraglutide for 12 weeks. Glucagon levels before and after treatment were detected before and 30 min, 60 min and 120 min after meals. Results After 12 weeks of treatment, the overall level of glucagon decreased, in which the differences in glucagon levels at 30 min [(220±79) ng/L vs. (203±77) ng/L, P<0.05] and 60 min [(248±119) ng/L vs. (203±82)ng/L, P<0.05] reached significance, respectively, comparing to those before treatment. The area under the curve of glucagon after treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment (438±190 vs. 389 ± 153, P<0.05). In contrast, after treatment, the overall level of C-peptide increased, especially the levels at 30 min [(1.53±1.02) nmol/L vs.(2.03±1.29) nmol/L ], 60 min [(1.93±1.19) nmol/L vs. (2.48±1.75) nmol/L] and 120 min [(2.36±1.47) nmol/L vs. (2.96±1.84) nmol/L], all P<0.05. The area under C-peptide curve increased significantly (3.6±2.2 vs. 4.6±2.9, P<0.05). Fasting plasma glucose, postprandial 2 h plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c were all lower than before, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Waist circumference and body mass index were significantly lower than before (P<0.05). The amount of insulin used for the treatment decreased by approximately 55.1% compared with that before liraglutide, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Liraglutide inhibits glucagon secretion and lowers blood glucose. It can also reduce body weight, improve islet cell function and reduce insulin use in T2DM.
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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of new epalrestat on diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) compared with Tang Lin.Methods A total of 235 patients with DPN were enrolled in our study.They were randomly divided into two groups:the new epalrestat group (n=117) and the Tang Lin group (n=118).Their clinical,biochemistry,electrocardiogram,clinical symptoms and physical examinations,by using Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI),and electrophysiological assessments were performed.Results The mean changes of MNSI scores both decreased compared with baseline in two groups after treatment for 12 weeks (P＜0.05) and nerve conduction velocity improved in the two groups (P＜0.05),but there were no difference of MNSI scores and nerve conduction velocity between the two groups.There was no difference of adverse event,blood pressure,heart rate,blood and urine routine examinations,liver and renal function between the two groups.Conclusion The new epalrestat is effective and safe as Tang Lin in treatment of DPN.
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Objective To observed the impact of selenium supplementation therapy on the thyroid perioxidase antibody(TPO-Ab) levels and serum oxidative stress[malondialdehyde(MDA, glutathione peroxidase(GPx), and superoxide dismutase(SOD)] in patients with Hashimoto′s thyroiditis. Methods 79 patients with Hashimoto′s thyroiditis were randomly divided into trial group(n=44) and placebo group(n=35) .The double-blind treatment was for 24 weeks. The thyroid hormone levels, serum TPO-Ab levels, and oxidative stress indexes(MDA, GPx, and SOD) of both groups were detected before and after treatment. Results (1)There was no change of thyroid hormone levels either before or after treatments of both groups(P>0.05). (2)TPO-Ab of the trial group decreased significantly after the treatment(P<0.05). While the placebo group has little change. Group with TPO-Ab≤200 IU/ml and the course≤1 year manifested the most obvious declines by 29.98% and 26.63% respectively. (3)The oxidative stress level of trial group significantly decreased after 24 weeks. There was significantly positive correlation between the oxidative stress indexes and TPO-Ab. However the placebo group was with little change. Conclusion Selenium supplementation may reduce the level of TPO-Ab titers and oxidative stress in patients with Hashimoto′s thyroiditis, especially for those with lower antibody titers and short course.
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Objective To screen the dual oxidase maturation factor 1 (DUOXA1) gene mutations in children with congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and thyroid goiter from Shandong Province,China,and to identify the gene mutation type and characteristics of DUOXA1 gene mutations in order to provide some evidence for gene diagnosis and therapy of CH.Methods A cohort of 52 cases of CH with thyroid goiter and 100 normal controls were selected according to neonatal screening system in Shandong Province whose genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes with a standard phenol chloroform method.The whole coding sequence (CDS) of DUOXA1 gene was amplified with 8 pairs of sequence specific primers by using PCR.The PCR products were directly sequenced with Sanger sequencing to detect new mutations types of DUOXA1 gene.The sequencing data were compared to the DUOXA1 gene reference sequence(National Center for Biotechnology Information:RefSeq:NG_033105.1) to see if there was any mutation.Ax2 test was done for the gene frequency of discovered single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP).Results There was no mutation in CDS of 52 CH patients with thyroid goiter and 100 normal controls.However,a SNP (rs75981505,c.398G ＞ T) which was an missense mutation and could lead to a change of the codon from CGC to CTC,was found in 9 CH patients with thyroid goiter and 11 normal controls in the exon 7.The corresponding amino acid arginine was replaced by histidine(p.Arg133His).There was no significant difference in the SNP rate between CH patients with thyroid goiter and normal controls (17.3％ vs 11.0％,x2 =1.24,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion DUOXA1 gene mutation rate is very low which may not be the main cause of CH patients with thyroid goiter in the population of Shandong Province.
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Objective To study the thyroid hormone receptor β(TRβ)gene mutation types and characteristics in children with congenital hypothyroidism(CH)and thyroid dysgenesis(TD)from Shandong Province,and to provide theoretical basis for gene diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis. Methods Sixty cases of TD patients of which genomic DNA were isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes were selected by neonatal screening system in Shandong Province. The exon 6 to 12 of TRβ gene were amplified with 8 pairs of sequence specific primers using PCR and the first generation of sequencing method(Sanger method)to detect mutation. The sequencing results were compared with the TRβ gene reference sequence[National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI)Reference Sequence:NC 000003. 12]to see whether there was a mutation. Results Analysis of TRβ in 60 cases of CH patients with TD revealed no mutation was demonstrated in exons 6 - 12,but 2 single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)( rs 3752874,c. 735C ﹥ T;rs79220627, c. 162G ﹥ A)were detected. Through the analysis,the 2 SNP were all synonymous mutations(Phe→Phe;Ser→Ser), without the change of the amino acids. Conclusions TRβ mutation rate is very low,which may not be the main mutation type in CH patients with TD in Shandong Province.
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Basic biochemical index were measured weekly in hyperuricemia rats.Real-time quantitative PCR technology was employed to measure glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4),insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1,and IRS-2 mRNA expression in the skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.The gene expression of GLUT-4 and IRS-2 are significantly lower in the last weeks of the hyperuricemia rat.Insulin resistance caused by hyperuricemia is probably related to the lowering expression levels of GLUT-4 and IRS-2 mRNA in the target tissues.
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Objective To analyze the efficacy and safety of glimepiride treatment as initial monotherapy in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods This was a subgroup analysis of the GREAT study,which investigated the efficacy and safety of glimepiride as initial monotherapy in Chinese patients with T2DM.This analysis was performed in 209 patients with disease duration less than 6 months and never received any anti-diabetic drugs.The change of HbA1C,fasting plasm glucose (FPG),2 h postprandial blood glucose (2hPPG),homeostasis model assessment for β-cell function index (HOMA-β),homeostasis model assessment for insulin-resistance index(HOMA-IR),the percentage of patients with HbA1C ＜ 7.0％ at endpoint and the incidence of hypoglycemia were evaluated after 16-weeks treatment.Results After 16-weeks glimepiride treatment,HbA1C value reduced significantly from baseline to endpoint,the reduction was statistically significant (9.21％ ± 1.65％ to 6.69％±0.83％,P＜0.001),69.7％ of the patients achieved HbA1C ＜7.0％ at study endpoint.Glimepiride-treated patients also achieved a significant improvement in FPG [from (10.15 ± 2.13) mmol/L to (7.23 ± 1.50) mmol/L,P＜0.001] and 2hPPG [from (17.21 ±4.14) mmol/L to (11.62 ± 3.34) mmol/L].HOMA-β was improved from 17.21± 15.19 [11.62 (2.90,115.8)] to 41.13 ± 44.12 [28.00 (5.1,360.00)],and HOMA-IR was reduced from 2.32± 1.90 [1.76 (0.60,12.80)] to 2.07 ± 1.74 [1.63 (0.4,12.3)].The incidence of all reported symptomatic hypoglycemia was 18.2％,and the incidence of confirmed hypoglycemia was 3.8％.Conclusion This analysis showed that glimepiride treatment as an initial mono-therapy could effectively improve blood glucose control in newly diagnosed patients with T2DM,and the treatment may improve islet β cell function,and the safety profile is reasonably good.
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Objective To investigate the characteristics and relevant factors of overweight and obesity in adults of the Shandong coastal area in 2009,as well as to estimate the epidemiological trends by comparing with results found in 2004.Methods A random and stratified cluster sampling of adults aged 20 years or older was conducted,and 5060 inhabitants in the cities of Qingdao,Yantai,Weihai,Rizhao,and Dongying were included.Results The standardized prevalence rates of overweight,obesity,and abdominal obesity were 33.5％,16.1％,and 40.0％respectively in 2009,with respective increase of 0.6％ (P＜0.05),2.9％ (P＜0.01),and 6.8％ (P＜0.05)compared with those in 2004; the rates for male were 37.9％,17.1％,and 44.6％ respectively in 2009,with increase of 3.7％ (P＜0.01),3.7％ (P＜0.0l),and 10.2％ (P＜0.01) respectively compared with those in 2004 ;the prevalence of abdominal obesity for female was 38.6％,with an increase of 6.6％ (P＜0.01) compared with that in 2004.The prevalence of obesity increased consistently with age,reached a peak within 50-69 years old.There was a trend of developing obesity in younger,males,while obesity became more common in postmenopausal women.In contrast with the findings in 2004,the average age,body mass index,waist circumference,triglyceride,total cholesterol,uric acid,and blood glucose levels increased significantly (P＜0.01) in 2009.Logistic regression analysis showed that aging,dyslipidemia,hypertension,hyperglycemia,hyperuricemia were positively related with obesity,and smoking was negatively related with it.Consumption of meat was related to male obesity,while carbohydrate consumption was related to female obesity.Conclusions A remarkable increase in the prevalence of obesity was found in 2009 compared with 2004,especially for the young and middle-aged men and postmenopausal women.Aging,hypertension,hyperglycemia,hyperuricemia,dyslipidaemia,and incorrect components of diet contributed to obesity.Although smoking is a negative factor for body weight,it is not suggested.
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Objective To determine the prevalence and risk factors of hyperuricemia (HUA) and gout among residents aged≥20 years in Shandong coastal areas compared with the results of 2004. Methods A randomized stratified cluster sampling was conducted, and 5 191 inhabitants were investigated for prevalences of HUA and gout in Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai, Rizhao, and Dongying. Results (1)The level of serum uric acid had the tendency to increase in both males and females in 2009 compared with that in 2004. (2)According to the uniform population standardization, the standardized prevalence of HUA was 16.99%in 2009. The standardized rate increased by 3.72%compared to 2004, being 4.57%in males and 3.33%in females. (3) The standardized prevalence of gout was 1.36%. Compared with that in 2004, the standardized rate increased by 0.26%, decreased by 0.45%in males while increased by 0.85%in females. (4) Compared to 2004, the prevalence of HUA among males aged≤30 years was the highest, whereas aged between 50 years and 60 years was the lowest at present. (5) Currently, the prevalence of HUA among females aged≤30 years was significantly higher than that of 2004, and aged≥70 years was the highest. (6) Logistic regression analysis showed that the amount of daily intake of seafood, meat, beer, and liquor were independent risk factors of HUA and gout. Conclusions Compared to 2004, the level of serum uric acid and the prevalence of HUA and gout show a tendency to increase among younger in the population surveyed in 2009, significant in female. Dietary factors exert significant effects on the development of HUA and gout. The amount of daily intake of seafood, meat, beer, and liquor are independent risk factors of HUA and gout.
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Objective To determinate the risk factors of gout in patients with hyperuricemia.Methods Patients detected with hyperuricemia both in epidemiological survey of Shandong coastal areas in 2004 and in health examination of our hospital were followed up for three years to observe the incidence of gout, relationship of diet and gout, and changes of biochemical indicators.Results During 3 years, 102 patients (19%) out of 536 patients with hyperuricemia developed gout. Age(OR=1.046, P＜0.05), serum uric acid(OR=1.021, P＜0.05), fasting plasma glucose(OR=1.021, P＜0.05), triglyceride(OR=1.008, P＜0.05), tony crab intake ( OR=5.992, P＜0.05),and beer intake(OR=1.012, P＜0.05) were the risk factors of gout attack in patients with hyperuricemia.Conclusions Excess intake of tony crab and beer resulting in fluctuation of serum uric acid is the main risk factor of gout in patients with hyperuricemia. Correcting metabolic disorder of glucose and lipid, reducing the intake of high-purine food, and controlling the level of serum uric acid are the measures to reduce gout attack.
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BACKGROUND:High fat diet (HFD) can induce overweight and obesity,which have been considered to positively affect bone mineral density (BMD) in adults.However,it is unclear how HFD affects the bone development during childhood.OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of HFD on bone development in young female mice.METHODS:Twelve female CD1 mice were fed with either HFD or normal fat diet (NFD) starting at 4-week of age for 10 weeks.The bone mineral content (BMC),BMD,fat and lean mass were examined in 14-week old mice using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry,and bone biomechanical properties were also evaluated using three-point bending test.Serum concentration of bone metabolic markers was measured using enzyme immunoassay.Femora were sectioned in the transverse plane and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for observing the adiposity of bone marrow and changes in trabecular bone area.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The body weight and fat mass in HFD-treated mice were increased compared with those in NFD-treated mice,respectively.There were no significant differences between HFD-treated and NFD-treated mice in whole body BMD,BMC,bone area and lean mass.However,the spine BMC and bone area in HFD mice were significantly lower than that in NFD mice,while femoral BMD,BMC and bone area in HFD mice were significantly greater than that in NFD mice.But,there was no statistically different in bone biomechanical values between the two groups.Bone metabolic markers were lower in HFD mice than NFD mice,indicating the less active of bone metabolism in HFD mice.It is suggested that HFD can produce deleterious effect on bone during the active growing phase of young mice.Vertebral bone is more sensitive to this negative effect than cortical bone due to the decreased vertebral mineralization.Weight-bearing bone does not response sufficiently to compensate for the excessive weight gaining.
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Objective To elucidate the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and cardiovascular risk factors in Shandong coastal inhabitants. Methods A random, stratified cluster sampling method was conducted. A population.based cross-sectional survey for hyperuricemia was performed and 4 988 dwellers of Shandong coast were investigated. Fasting SUA,lipid profiles,insulin concentrations,etc.,were determined by automatic biochemical analysis device and electrochemiluminescence analyzer.The investigation of general,healthy and nutritional conditions was carried out by questionnaire. Results In male and female subjects, the cardiovascular risk factors such as systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure, selum ereatinine,total cholesterol.triglvceride,waist circumference and body mass index all increased with rising SUA,and the level of senlm high densitv lipoprotein fell accordingly.Homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA- IR) in female subjects increased by the quartile group,not in male subjects.Compared with SUA<280 μmol/L group.odds ratio(OR) values of hypertension in SUA 280-319,320-349,≥350 μmol/L groups were 1.54,1.88 and 2.70 respectively in female,and 2.29,4.15 and 4.96 for metabolic syndrome (MS).As for male,compared with SUA<280 μmol/L group OR value of hypertension in SUA ≥420 μmol/L group was 1.52,and OR values of MS of 1.41,1.87 and 3.27 occurred in SUA 320～379,380～419,≥420 μmol/L groups.After being adjusted for confounding factors,logistic stepwise regression revealed that elevated SUA was an independent risk factor for hypertension in both genders.Conclusion Elevated SUA level is closely related to the incidence and development of cardiovascular diseases,and should not be ignored in clinical practice.
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The A/G polymorphism of cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antiger 4(CTLA-4) was determined by PCR-RFLP in 120 patients with recurrent Graves′ disease (GD), including 85 cases with early relapses within 3 years and 35 cases with relapses more than 3 years after withdrawal of antithyroid medication.66 initial GD patients and 100 healthy controls were included in the present study.The results suggest that A/G polymorphism of CTLA-4 was associated not only with GD, but also with early relapes after withdrawal of antithyroid medication.
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BACKGROUND: It has been demonstrated that the C-106T polymorphism at promotor region of aldose reductase gene and GLU298ASP (894G→T) polymorphism at exon 7 of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene are associated with diabetic nephropathy, it should be further studied wnether the risk for diabetic nephropathy will increase when the above polymorphic sites coexist.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between the coexistence of the polymorphisms of both the C-106T at promotor region of aldose reductase gene and GLU298ASP (894G→T) at axon 7 of eNOS gene in chromosome 7q35 region and the genesis of diabetic nephropathy in northern Chinese Hah people.DESIGN: A case-controlled, comparative observation.SETTING: Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University.PARTTCIPANTS; Totally 139 inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected from the Department of Endocrinology, the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University from November 2002 to April 2005,including 54 males and 85 females, (64±8) years of age. Inclusive criteria: Accorded with the standards of diabetic diagnosis and classification by WHO in 1999. According to the 24-hour urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER), they were divided into diabetic nephropathy group (n =61) and non-diabetic nephropathy group (n =78). Meanwhile, 63 healthy controls were selected as the control group, including 24 males and 39 females, 50-78 years of age. All the enrolled subjects were Han people. Informed contents were obtained from all the subjects.METHODS: The genotypes and alleles of polymorphisms of GLU298ASP(894G→T) at exon 7 of eNOS gene and C-106T at promotor region of aldose reductase gene were detected by polymerase chain reaction restriction-fragment length polymorphism technique (PCR-RFLP), DNA sequencing technique and agarose gel electrophoresis separation technique.Then the frequency of genotypes and alleles were compared.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Polymorphisms of eNOS gene and aldose reductase gene; ② Results of the multivariant stepwise regression analysis of risk factors for diabetic nephropathy; ③ Polymorphisms of aldose reductase C-106T and eNOS 894G→T and the relative risk of diabetic nephropathy.RESULTS: All the 139 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 63 healthy adults were involved in the analysis of results. ① The frequencies of the T allele and TG genotype at exon 7 894G→T polymorphic site of eNOS gene in the diabetic nephropathy group were significantly higher than those in the non-diabetic nephropathy group and control group (χ2=8.261, 19.629, P ＜ 0.05). ② The frequencies of the T allele and CT genotype at promotor region of aldose reductase gene in the diabetic nephropathy group were significantly higher than those in the non-diabetic nephropathy group and control group (χ2=6.343, 8.940, P ＜ 0.05, 0.01). ③ After associated analysis on the above gene polymorphisms, it was found that the frequency of TG/CT genotype in the diabetic nephropathy group were significantly higher than that in the non-diabetic nephropathy group and control group (χ2=6.972, P ＜ 0.01); whereas the frequency of GG/CC genotype was significantly lower than that in the non-diabetic nephropathy group and control group (χ2=13.304, P ＜ 0.05). ④Glycosylated hemoglobin (GHbA1c), systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, polymorphisms of 894G→T at exon 7 of eNOS gene and C-106T at promotor region of aldose reductase gene were all the independent risk factors for diabetic nephropathy (Wald =5.627, 4.92, P ＜ 0.05). ⑤ GG/GC genotype might be the protective genotype for diabetic nephropathy (OR=0.25, P ＜ 0.01); The risk for diabetic nephropathy in the carrier of GG/CT or TG/CC genotype increased by 2.3 times and risk for diabetic nephropathy in the carrier of TG/CT genotype increased by 4.8 times.CONCLUSION: The coexistence of polymorphisms of 894G→T at exon 7 of eNOS gene and C-106T at promotor region of aldose reductase gene can increase the risk of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. And the TG/CT haplotype formed by the coexistence of polymorphism of these two genes is probably the predisposing genotype for diabetic nephropathy.
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BACKGROUND: Recent studies have found that hyperuricemia and gout are closely correlated with the occurrence and development of diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension and cerebrovascular diseases. It is of significance to investigate their prevalence so as to find way of early interventions.OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of gout and hyperuricemia among residents above 20 years old in Shandong coastal area.DESIGN: A randomized, stratified cluster sampling survey.SETTING: Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College.PARTICIPANTS: A random, stratified cluster sampling was conducted in Shandong coastal area including Qingdao,Yantai, Weihai, Rizhao and Dongying. Residents lived in these areas for 5 years or more, aged between 20 to 80 years, were selected, and they were surveyed by family as a unit.METHODS: A randomized, stratified cluster sampling survey was conducted. The prevalence of gout and hyperuricemia were investigated among about 5 000 residents in Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai, Rizhao and Dongying. The serum uric acid, lipids, glucose and creatinine were detected with Sysmex chemix-180 total automatic biochemical analyzer. Those with uric acid higher than reference level were reexamined by collecting fasting blood sample on the third day. The comparison between rates was taken with the Chi-square test, means between two groups with the t test, means between multiple groups with analysis of variance, correlation between dependent and independent variables with logistic regression analysis.MATN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalance of hyperuricemia; Level of serum uric acid; Prevalence of gout in patients with hyperuricemia; Influencing factor of hyperuricemia.RESULTS: This investigation planned to include 5 500 subjects while in fact 5 003 subjects were investigated and the response rate was 91%, in which males were 2 395 (47.87%) and females were 2 608 (52.13%). ① The prevalence of hyperuricemia was 13.19% with standardized rate of 13.27% according to the Shandong population in 2000; The pevalence was higher in males than in females (18.32%, 8.56%, x2=108.52, P＜ 0.01). The risk in males was 2.5 times higher than that in females (OR =2.5). The prevalence of gout was 1.14% with standardized rate of 1.10%; and the prevalence in males was higher than that in females (1.94%, 0.42%, x2=30.38, P ＜ 0.01). The risk in males was 5.3 times higher than that in females (OR =5.3). ②The average value of serum uric acid in normal males was higher than in normal females [(343.40±84.54), (258.90±70.90) μmol/L, t =48.03, P ＜ 0.01]. It was obviously higher in male patients with hyperuricemia than in female ones [(469.43±48.08), (399.73±104.91) μmol/L, t =11.70, P ＜ 0.01]. It was higher in male patients with gout than in female ones [(502.44±106.76), (403.48±52.72) μmol/L, t =2.07, P ＜ 0.05]. ③The prevalence of gout in patients with hyperuricemia was 8.34%. ④ The prevalence of hyperuricemia and gout were climbing up with age after 40 years old in females and those elder than 70 years old were of high risk; while in males,the prevalence of hyperuricemia and gout increased with age before 60 years old and those aged 50-59 years were of high risk, yet after 60 years, it climbed up with age again. Nevertheless, the mean ages of hyperuricemia and gout in females were older than male. The average episode ages of hyperuricemia and gout in females were later than in males respectively by 7.5 and 8.5 years. ⑤ Non-conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that drinking frequency,drinking quantity, the quantity and frequency of seashell intake, BUN, Cr, TG, TC, BMI and WHR were the independent risk factors of male patients with hyperuricemia [OR =1.016-30.217, 95%C/ (1.010-1.023)-(9.955-214.869)]; while HDL-C and heavy physical labour were the protective factors (OR =0.492, 95%C/ 0.339-0.713; OR =0.755, 95% CI 0.575-0.991).As for females, age, hypertension, the quantity of seashell food intake, BUN, Cr, TG, WHR and light physical labour were the independent risk factors of hyperuricemia [OR =1.022-27.34, 95%CI (1.006-1.040)-(9.955-214.869)]. Similarly, HDL-C was a protective factor (OR =0.428, 95%CI0.223-0.820).CONCLUSION: ① The prevalence of hyperuricemia and gout are different between genders: ② The risk factors of hyperuricemia and gout among residents in Shandong coastal area include the high intake of marine products such as seashell foods, less physical activity, abdominal obesity and kidney insufficiency, as well as the existence of metabolic syndrome. Drinking is also involved in the increased prevalence in males, and age in females. ③ Higher risk for hyperuricemia and gout are noticed in all age groups in males, whereas in females after 50 years old.
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BACKGROUND: What are the influencing factors of serum uric acid of inhabitants from coastal area? What is the critical concentration of serum uric acid to prevent and treat metabolic syndrome?OBJECTIVE: To probe into the relationship between serum uric acid and metabolic syndrome in female inhabitants aged more than 20 years from coastal area of Shandong province.DESIGN: A clusting stratified random sampling survey.SETTING: Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University.PARTICIPANTS: The survey was carried out in the female inhabitants of five cities from coastal area of Shandong province (Qingdao, Rizhao, Yantai, Weihai and Dongying) between May and October 2004. The inhabitants, aged 20 to 80 years, lived there for 5 or more than 5 years, and they were natural crowd taking family as unit.METHODS: Investigations in the manner of entering every family and being on the spot were combined. Questionnaires were filled in on the first day, and fasting blood was taken to perform serum uric acid examination on the morning of the second day. For those with serum uric acid higher than normal, they were given rechecking on the third day, and education about prevention and treatment of gout and hyperuricemia was conducted at the same time.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Investigation on general condition:Including health status, diet, physical activity, labour intensity and economics. ② Investigation on nutrition: Consists of food intake frequency and dietary. ③ Body height, body mass, waistline, hip circum, blood pressure and body mass index. ④ Levels of fasting blood glucose(FBG), serum uric acid, total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), urea nitrogen (UN) and creatinine(Cr).RESULTS: ① With the increase of concentration of serum uric acid, levels of systolic pressure (SP), diastolic pressure (DP), pulse pressure (PP),body mass index(BMI) , waistline, waist-to-hip ratio(WHR), UN, Cr, TG,TC were all gradually increased. Each index was significantly higher in the serum uric acid 280-319 μmol/L group, serum uric acid 320-349 μmol/L group and serum uric acid ＞ 350 μmol/L group (hyperuricemia group)than that in serum uric acid ＜ 280 μmol/L (P ＜ 0.05-0.01 ), While the concentration of HDL-C was decreased with the increase of concentration of serum uric acid (all P ＜ 0.01). ② The incidence of hypertension, lipid metabolic disorder, overweight and obesity, glycometabolism disorder as well as metabolic syndrome was increased with the increase of uric acid;Compared with serum uric acid ＜ 280 μmol/L group, OR value of metabolic syndrome was 2.29(95%CI: 1.81-2.89),4.15(95%CI:3.10-5.55),4.96 (95%CI:3.85-6.39) in the serum uric acid 280-319 μmol/L group,320-349 μmol/L group and hyperuricemia group , respectively. ③Noncondition Logistic multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that age,hypertension, shellfish intake volume, UN, Cr, TG and WHR and light physical activity were the independent risk factors for female patients with hyperuricemia and HDL-C was protective factor.CONCLUSION: The incidence of metabolic syndrome is increased with the increase of concentration of serum uric acid in female inhabitants from coastal area of Shandong province. 280 μmol/L should be as the critical concentration of serum uric acid to prevent and treat metabolic syndrome.Controlling metabolic syndrome and reducing intake of shellfish and other marine products which contain high level of purine is one of means to prevent hyperuricemia. Clinical physicians should paid more attention to the pathopoiesis of hyperuricemia.
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Objective To explore the relationship between calcium channel ?1 subunit (Cav1.1) gene intron 26 -67 A/G polymorphism and thyrotoxic periodic paralysis(TPP). Methods Cav1.1 gene polymorphism at position -67 was determined by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) in 46 male patients with TPP, 68 male Graves’ disease (GD) patients without TPP and 72 healthy male controls. The difference of genotype and the variation of allele frequencies were analyzed by Chi-square test. Results (1) Frequencies distribution of AG+GG genotype in TPP, GD and control groups were 47.83%, 14.71% and 29.17% respectively, and those of allele G were 44.57%, 13.24% and 27.78% for the three groups respectively. (2) Frequencies of -67 AG+GG genotype in TPP group were significantly higher than those in GD and CON group(OR=5.32, P
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Serum plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and endothelin (ET) levels were measured in patients with simple hyperuricemia or combined with hyperlipidaemia and hyperglycemia. The results showed that PAI-1 and ET levels in patients with hyperuricemia were notably higher than those in the control group( both P
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The mRNA expression levels of resistin in omental and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissues were measured by one-step semi-quantitative RT-PCR in normal controls and metablic syndrome patients with or without type 2 diabetes. The results suggest that there is no relationship between resistin mRNA expression in omental and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and metablic syndrome.
