[NEW INFORMATION FROM EXPERIENCE HYGIENIC EVALUATION OF HIGH TECHNOLOGY PREPARATION NANOMETALS AND POTENTIAL RISKS THEIR INFLUENCE ON THE WORKERS].

Identify and prevent possible adverse effects of nanostructures under conditions of industrial production is the primary hygienic problem is not resolved at this time. In order to approach to solve a series of physiological, hygienic and toxicological studies. Study of harmful production factors in different technologies of metal nanoparticles, analyzed the health of workers employed in manufacturing them. Also established specific mechanisms of toxicity of nanosilver nanometals for example, the technique of hygienic control over the content in the air of the working area metal nanoparticles, the data on the existing approaches to the hygienic standardization of nanoscale objects in the breathing zone of workers.

Ordering of small particles in one-dimensional coherent structures by time-periodic flows.

Small particles transported by a fluid medium do not necessarily have to follow the flow. We show that for a wide class of time-periodic incompressible flows inertial particles have a tendency to spontaneously align in one-dimensional dynamic coherent structures. This effect may take place for particles so small that often they would be expected to behave as passive tracers and be used in PIV measurement technique. We link the particle tendency to form one-dimensional structures to the nonlinear phenomenon of phase locking. We propose that this general mechanism is, in particular, responsible for the enigmatic formation of the "particle accumulation structures" discovered experimentally in thermocapillary flows more than a decade ago and unexplained until now.

Impact of conditions at start-up on thermovibrational convective flow.

The development of thermovibrational convection in a cubic cell filled with high Prandtl number liquid (isopropanol) is studied. Direct nonlinear simulations are performed by solving three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations in the Boussinesq approximation. The cell is subjected to high frequency periodic oscillations perpendicular to the applied temperature gradient under zero gravity. Two types of vibrations are imposed: either as a sine or cosine function of time. It is shown that the initial vibrational phase plays a significant role in the transient behavior of thermovibrational convective flow. Such knowledge is important to interpret correctly short-duration experimental results performed in microgravity, among which the most accessible are drop towers ( approximately 5s) and parabolic flights ( approximately 20s) . It is obtained that under sine vibrations, the flow reaches steady state within less than one thermal time. Under cosine acceleration, this time is 2 times longer. For cosine excitations, the Nusselt number is approximately 10 times smaller in comparison with the sine case. Besides, in the case of cosine, the Nusselt number oscillates with double frequency. However, at the steady state, time-averaged and oscillatory characteristics of the flow are independent of the vibrational start-up. The only feature that always differs the two cases is the phase difference between the velocity, temperature, and accelerations. We have found that due to nonlinear response of the system to the imposed vibrations, the phase shift between velocity and temperature is never equal exactly to pi2 , at least in weightlessness. Thus, heat transport always exists from the beginning of vibrations, although it might be weak.

Onset of convection in Soret-driven instability.

It is common knowledge that light fluids rise while heavy fluids sink in the gravity field. The most obvious case is the isothermal Rayleigh-Taylor instability when a heavy fluid is placed on top of a light one. In the nonisothermal case, while heating from above, the density stratification is stable in a pure liquid. However, unstable density stratification might be established in a binary mixture with a negative Soret effect in the case of heating from above: the heavier liquid is accumulated on the top of the lighter one. Due to the large differences between viscous, thermal, and diffusion times the system has a tendency to fingering buoyant instabilities. At some moment the flow may be initiated. Near the onset of convection the flow pattern has a columnar convective structure: for a relatively low applied temperature difference Delta T the lighter and colder liquid is drawn up in the central part of the cell and the heavier liquid flows down along the walls. For finite size systems the situation is reversed at higher Delta T. Here we present results of three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of heat and mass transfer in a system with a negative Soret effect. While the development of Soret-induced convection is similar for a wide class of liquids: water based mixtures, colloidal, and polymer solutions, the parameters of the chosen system correspond to a realistic binary mixture of water (90%) and isopropanol (10%) enabling comparison of theoretical predictions with planned experimental studies.

[Features of change of the functional state as related to the development of disorders of the osteomuscular system in workers exposed to regional physical overloads coupled with vibration and noise]. / Osobennosti izmeneniia funktsional'nogo sostoianiia v sviazi s razvitiem zabolevanii kostno-myshechnoi sistemy u rabochykh, podvergaiushchikhsia vozdeistviiu regionarnykh fizicheskikh peregruzok v sochetanii s vibratsiei i shumom.

Physiological parameters were studied in industrial settings as well as in laboratory experiments and clinical examination characterizing the condition of the most important bodily systems in drivers of the technological motor transport and excavator operators working in the iron-ore open-cut mines. Differences have been revealed in the state of physiological indices in those workers with incipient manifestation of disorders of the osteomuscular system (OMS) as compared to workers in the identical service-duration group free from OMS disorders, suggesting individual sensitivity to exposure to regional physical overloads coupled with vibration and noise and warranting further studies on development of methods and criteria for individual sensitivity to exposure to the above factors in order that prophylaxis against OMS disorders might be improved.

[The role of labour conditions in the development of osteo-muscular system disorders in workers of the iron-ore industry]. / Otsenka roli uslovii truda v razvitii zabolevanii kostno-myshechnoi sistemy u rabochikh zheleznorudnoi promyshlennosti.

As a result of the investigation conducted, differences have been revealed of effects of the studied factors of labour conditions and its quantitative values on development of disorders of the osseomuscular system depending on the character of labour. In workers of basic occupations in iron-ore mines, the development of radiculopathy qualified as an occupational problem, has been shown to be determined by exposure to a complex of studied adverse factors of the occupational environment and labour process by 35% (very high degree of the effect exerted), including local vibration--by 14%, time of keeping a required working posture standing--by 7.2%, air temperature difference--by 7.4% (high and moderate degree of the effect exerted). The above adverse factors are to be considered in sanitary-and-hygienic characterization of the working place and taken account of in attempts to ascertain relatedness of the illness in question to the worker's occupation and in implementing measures designed to administer primary and secondary prophylaxis. In those workers engaged in occupations of the sensomotor kind operator's work, development of spinal osteochondrosis is determined by 25.4% by action of a complex of the studied factors of labour conditions; of this percentage, 22.4% have been shown to be caused by a number of working (operating) movements during the shift (very strong impact), which fact necessitates qualifying the condition as an occupational disease and suggests increase in the role of improvement in labour conditions in its prophylaxis.

Thermocapillary-buoyancy convection in a shallow cavity heated from the side.

Combined thermocapillary-buoyancy convection has been investigated numerically in an extended cavity with differently heated walls. When the Marangoni number Ma grows, the unicellular flow is replaced by a steady bicellular or multicellular flow and then either by a hydrothermal wave or an oscillatory multicellular flow, depending on the dynamic Bond number Bo(dyn). The appearance of a hydrothermal wave prevents the propagation of the stationary roll structure, which spreads from the hot side, over the whole cavity. The hydrothermal wave itself looks as a succession of the cells moving from the cold side towards the motionless rolls on the hot side. For an intermediate interval of Bo(dyn) the parallel flow is unstable with respect to the hydrothermal wave (HTW), but the multicellular periodic structure generated by the side-wall perturbation is stable, so that the HTW decays in space when propagating on the background of the multicellular structure. The nonlinear competition between finite-amplitude, boundary-induced steady patterns and hydrothermal waves is essential. A nonlinear simulation of flow regimes in a wide region of the values of dynamical Bond number and Marangoni number is presented. A number of phenomena that cannot be predicted in the framework of the linear stability theory, specifically those characteristic for the motion in the intermediate interval of Bo(dyn), as well as the secondary transition from steady to unsteady flows at large Bo(dyn), which takes place when the Marangoni number Ma grows, are described.

Multistability of oscillatory thermocapillary convection in a liquid bridge.

A parametric investigation of the onset of chaos in a liquid bridge was numerically carried out for a medium Prandtl number liquid, Pr = 4, and unit aspect ratio under zero-gravity conditions. Spatiotemporal patterns of thermocapillary flow were successively studied beginning from the onset of instability up to the appearance of the nonperiodic flow and further on. Well-tested numerical code is used for solving the three-dimensional time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations in cylindrical coordinate system. Two-dimensional steady flow becomes oscillatory with azimuthal wave number m=2 as a result of Hopf bifurcation at Re(cr)(1)=630. A second independent solution with wave number m=3 was found to appear at Reynolds number Re(cr)(2) approximately 810. Two branches of three-dimensional periodic orbits, traveling waves with m=2 and m=3, coexist for Re>Re(cr)(2). Additional stable branches do not connect them. The different flow organizations reveal different behaviors in the supercritical area. The m=2 traveling wave always remains periodic, but the mode m=3 starts exhibiting chaotic features at Re approximately 4200. The onset of temporal nonperiodicity was shown to be associated with development of broadband noise in spectra and preceded by a quasiperiodicity. The flow stabilizes back to periodic with single frequency when Re exceeds a value Re approximately 5100. The window of periodicity exists up to at least Re=6000, the largest investigated value of the Reynolds number.

[Evaluation of individual predisposition to development of musculoskeletal system diseases]. / Opredelenie individual'noi predraspolozhennosti k razvitiiu zabolevanii oporno-dvigatel'nogo apparata.

A technique was worked out on the basis of studying of physiological indices of the main and medical aid appealability concerning musculoskeletal system diseases (MSD), physical examination of workers. It will allow for certain determine the character of individual predisposition to the development of the disease and in 84% of the cases rather sooner predict the disease if a worker has high individual predisposition and in 55.2% of other cases. Combination of tension and pain sensitivity indices measuring up 21-80 and 1.1 mm and more; 81-160 and 1.0 mm and more; 161-220 and 0.9 mm and more; 221-300 and 0.8 mm and more; 301 and more, 0.7 mm and more accordingly characterize high individual predisposition; less 50 and 0.5 mm--tolerance to the disease. A risk of the development of musculoskeletal system diseases conditioned by individual predisposition from the mathematical analysis happened in 16.2%. Application of the method before receiving the job can both reveal individual predisposition to musculoskeletal system diseases and prevent from harmful industrial conditions. It will decrease a risk of the development of MSD, keep sound health and prolong professional activity.

[A complex of informative indices of adaptive and compensatory mechanisms for individual prognostication of occupational hypoacusis upon exposure to noise in combination with vibration and dust]. / Kompleks informativnykh pokazatelei sostoianiia adaptatsionno-kompensatornykh mekhanizmov dlia individual'nogo prognozirovaniia professional'noi tugoukhosti pri vozdeistvii shuma v sochetanii s vibratsiei i pyl'iu.

A differential diagnostic complex of 11 physiological, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters of most informative value that reliably (over 98% reliability) characterize the status of adaptive and compensatory mechanisms upon exposure to in-plant noise in combination with local and total vibration, and dust in terms of individual noise sensitivity. Testing the proposed procedure showed its high accuracy to define the terms "exhaustion" and "normal" specific adaptation, high (81.2%) significance of individual (5-year) prediction of occupational hypoacusis, an 50%-increase in detection rates of risk groups among workers. The procedure developed is recommended to use in regular professional surveys for specific adaptation, individual prediction and detection of early disorders, to enhance the accuracy of diagnosis of occupational hypoacusis, to employ in professional selection, to define the allowable time of labour activity, and to make priority. The proposed procedure defended by copyright has been introduced into practice.

[Physiological mechanisms of prevention of occupational hypoacusis]. / Fiziologicheskie mekhanizmy profilaktiki professional'noi tugoukhosti.

This study and mathematical analysis by constructing a correlation matrix, a diagram of significant correlations, a multiple regression model of 77 indices of the body's main systems in 91 drift miners and drillers who had a service length of 7-27 years showed the physiological mechanisms of auditory function system and revealed 3 basic levels of energy metabolism regulation: 1) neuroreflectory (cortical mechanisms) and autonomic (sympathetic) adaptive-and-homeostatic regulation; 2) neurohumoral and metabolic adaptive-compensatory ergotropic self-regulation of blood circulation and respiration; 3) parasympathetic neuroreflectory and metabolic compensatory trophotropic regulation of respiration and blood circulation. The established regularities were used as a basis in developing methods and criteria for individual sensitivity to noise, criteria for specific adaptation during labour activity.

[Physiological mechanisms fo the formation of the adaptation- compensatory process with the impact of local vibration accompanied by noise and dust]. / Fiziologicheskie mekhanizmy formirovaniia adaptatsionno-kompensatornogo protsessa pri vozdeistvii lokal'noi vibratsii v sochetanii s shumom i pyl'iu.

Based on studies and mathematic analysis of 72 parameters of body systems, the authors arranged correlation matrix and multiple regression models for 109 tunnelers and drillers. The parameters characterizing mobility of retardation and balance of nervous processes were proved to play a leading role among adaptation and compensation mechanisms of human response to local vibration, noise and dust. The authors justified criteria to reliably characterize individual sensitivity to local vibration.

[The morbidity characteristics of diseases of the bone and muscle systems in workers in iron-ore mines and quarries depending on the conditions and nature of the work]. / Osobennosti zabolevaemosti bolezniami kostno-myshechnoi sistemy u rabochikh zheleorudnykh shakht i kar'erov v zavisimosti ot uslovii i kharaktera truda.

In terms of applying for medical advice in osteomuscular disorders, taking second place in the structure, it has been established that in practically identical values for the general level of morbidity, the incidence rate of lumbosacral radiculites, myalgias and myosites in drifters and drillers is 5.8 and 2.5 times as high respectively, that of thoracic and lumbar, cervical osteochondrosis, epicondylitis in drivers--3.9, 2.4, and 3.3 times as high, which facts might suggest an important role in the etiology of the above conditions, in the first place, of great physical loads plus high levels of noise, vibration, cooling microclimate, in the former case, and such loads coupled with high nervous and emotional tension, general low frequency vibration, noise, in the latter case. The established level and structure of occupational disorders of the locomotor system in both groups workers suggest their inadequate identification in respect of both amount and nosology.

[Predicting the development of vibration disease in coal miners exposed to local vibration combined with noise and dust]. / Prognozirovanie vibratsionnoi bolezni u gornorabochikhpri vozdeistvii lokal'noi vibratsii v sochetanii s shumom i pyl'iu.

The contributors proposed a differentiated diagnostic technique which included 10 most informative physiologic, anthropometric and biochemical+ indices to provide the most reliable data (95% reliability) on the adaptation and compensatory mechanisms under local vibration and in combination with noise and dust, and with due account of the individual sensitivity to local vibration. Testing of the technique demonstrated its high accuracy in determining the levels of "exhaustion", and of "the normal state" of the adaptation-compensatory mechanisms, and its applicability for vibration disease prognosis in individual++ workers, thus establishing corresponding in preventive medical examinations, occupational selection, preventive measures' planning, and in expert solutions requiring precise diagnostic techniques.