Effect of Job Stressors on Presenteeism among Aging Workers: A Longitudinal Moderated Mediation Model.

Objectives: With the rapid global increase in the age of workforces, companies are increasingly concerned with improving the working conditions of older workers. Anxiety is an important psychological variable in sociological studies but has attracted less attention in studies of occupational health and management. In this study, we explored the mediating effect of anxiety on the relationship between job stressors and presenteeism, and the moderating effect of pessimism. Methods: We collected longitudinal data from 892 respondents who participated in the 2008 and 2012 waves of the Health and Retirement Study in the United States. We tested the proposed moderated mediation model using structural equation modeling. Results: Job stressors were positively related to anxiety and presenteeism. Anxiety was positively related to presenteeism and mediated the relationship between job stressors and presenteeism. Pessimism had a statistically significant negative effect on the relationship between anxiety and presenteeism. Conclusions: These results make theoretical and practical contributions to the literature on the influencing mechanisms of presenteeism. The use of longitudinal data ensured that the research conclusions were reliable; we suggest ways to improve the productivity of aging workers.

Occupational stress, distributive justice and turnover intention among public hospital nurses in China: A cross-sectional study.

AIM: To examine the mediating role of distributive justice on the relation between occupational stress and turnover intention, and the regional role in moderating the relationship between distributive justice and turnover intention. BACKGROUND: Turnover intention is an effective indicator of job departure and has been widely studied. Identification of methods to reduce turnover intention among nurses is a focus of the new round of medical and health system reform in China and in the realization of the "Healthy China 2030" policy. However, few studies have examined the present situation of Chinese nurse's turnover intention and corresponding influencing factors. METHODS: Data were collected on-site by using questionnaires designed by anonymous researchers. A total of 718 effective questionnaires were allocated from representative public hospitals. Data were collected for the "Challenge and Hindrance-Related Self-Reported Stress Scale", "Distributive Justice Scale" and "Turnover Intention Scale". RESULTS: Challenge stress was significantly inversely correlated with turnover intention, while hindrance stress was significantly positively correlated with turnover intention. Moreover, there was a significant inverse correlation between the two types of occupational stress and distributive justice and an inverse correlation between distributive justice and turnover intention. Regional role had a moderating effect on the correlation between distributive justice and turnover intention. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese nurses' turnover intention is directly or indirectly influenced by occupational stress and distributive justice. Managers should set reasonable goals to cope with challenging stress. Proper intervention measures should be designed such as reducing barrier pressure, increasing remuneration, and promoting the matching between workload and job value to reduce the turnover intention. Finally, balancing the treatment towards nurses in different regions may help achieve relative fairness.

Lessons Learnt from China: National Multidisciplinary Healthcare Assistance.

PURPOSE: In response to the transmission of COVID-19, China adopted the "national multidisciplinary healthcare assistance". This commentary evaluates whether it is effective and sustainable to contain the COVID-19. METHODS: We adopted the "Difference-in-difference Method" to investigate whether the national multidisciplinary healthcare assistance policy could provide significant benefits in areas affected by COVID-19 by increasing their recovery rates. A total of 578 panel data samples were taken from the Ministry of Health in China. RESULTS: We observed that the number of recovered cases per day increased by 39.36 as a result of this policy. GDP per capita and land area were significantly negatively correlated with the number of recovered cases while the resident population was significantly positively correlated with it. CONCLUSION: The national multidisciplinary healthcare assistance was an effective intervention to reduce the burden of COVID-19 and ease pressure on the healthcare system in Hubei and China. To quickly formulate and promulgate effective response policies for emergent public health crises, the national government should introduce the concept of emergency management into policy agendas and highlight the importance of "problem streams".

Effect of Discrimination on Presenteeism among Aging Workers in the United States: Moderated Mediation Effect of Positive and Negative Affect.

This study aimed to examine how perceived everyday discrimination influences presenteeism and how conscientiousness moderates the relationship between discrimination and positive affect among older workers. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the mediating effect. The moderated mediation model was examined by PROCESS. The results of the final SEM model showed that discrimination was directly positively associated with presenteeism. Furthermore, positive affect was significantly inversely correlated with discrimination and presenteeism. In addition, negative affect was significantly positively correlated with discrimination and presenteeism. The significant indirect effect between perceived everyday discrimination and positive affect was significantly mediated by positive and negative affect. In addition, the results of the moderated mediation model indicate that positive affect was more likely to be influenced by perceived everyday discrimination among older workers with less conscientiousness, as compared with those with greater conscientiousness. To enhance work outcomes of aging workers in the United States, managers should foster highly conscientious aging workers, award those who are hardworking and goal-oriented, and combine personal goals and organizational goals through bonuses, holidays, and benefits. Policymakers should be mindful of the negative impact of discrimination on presenteeism and should target lowly conscientious older workers.

Effect of Work Environment on Presenteeism among Aging American Workers: The Moderated Mediating Effect of Sense of Control.

With the rapid increase of aging workforces, companies worldwide are concerned with improving the health and working status of older workers. Sense of control is an important psychological variable in sociology but has attracted less attention in studies of occupational health and management. This study examined the association of sense of control with presenteeism among aging workers in the United States. Data from the Health and Retirement Survey were analyzed, specifically, 2308 observations in 2012. Structural equation modeling was used to assess work environment, sense of control (measured in relation to personal mastery and perceived constraints), and associations with presenteeism. The moderating effect of subjective social status on the association between sense of control and presenteeism was examined with a moderated mediation model. In the final structural equation modeling model, work environment was directly inversely associated with presenteeism, and work environment was significantly inversely associated with perceived constraints. There was a direct positive association between work environment and personal mastery, a direct positive association between perceived constraints and presenteeism, and a significant inverse association between personal mastery and presenteeism. The significant indirect effects between work environment and presenteeism were significantly mediated by sense of control. Subjective social status inversely moderated the relation between presenteeism and perceived mastery, a dimension of sense of control. To increase the performance of aging workers in the United States, managers should create a work environment that facilitates access to job resources, as this might improve personal sense of control, particularly among those with high subjective social status.