Noncoding RNA Terc-53 and hyaluronan receptor Hmmr regulate ageing in mice.

One of the basic questions in the ageing field is whether there is fundamental difference between the ageing of lower invertebrates and mammals. A major difference between the lower invertebrates and mammals is the abundancy of noncoding RNAs, most of which are not conserved. We have previously identified a noncoding RNA Terc-53 that is derived from the RNA component of telomerase Terc. To study its physiological functions, we generated two transgenic mouse models overexpressing the RNA in wild-type and early-ageing Terc-/- backgrounds. Terc-53 mice showed age-related cognition decline and shortened life span, even though no developmental defects or physiological abnormality at early age was observed, indicating its involvement in normal ageing of mammals. Subsequent mechanistic study identified hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (Hmmr) as the main effector of Terc-53. Terc-53 mediates the degradation of Hmmr, leading to an increase of inflammation in the affected tissues, accelerating organismal ageing. AAV-delivered supplementation of Hmmr in the hippocampus reversed the cognition decline in Terc-53 transgenic mice. Neither Terc-53 nor Hmmr has homologs in C. elegans. Neither do arthropods express hyaluronan (Stern 2017). These findings demonstrate the complexity of ageing in mammals, and open new paths for exploring noncoding RNA and Hmmr as means of treating age-related physical debilities and improving healthspan.

GABA transporter mGat4 is involved in multiple neural functions in mice.

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. The termination of GABA transmission is through the action of GABA transporters (GATs). mGAT4 (encoded by Slc6a11) is another GAT besides GAT1 (encoded by Slc6a1) that functions in GABA reuptake in CNS. Research on the function of mGAT4 is still in its infancy. We developed an mGat4 knockout mouse model (mGat4-/- mice) and performed a series of behavioral analyses for the first time to study the effect of mGat4 on biological processes in CNS. Our results indicated that homozygous mGat4-/- mice had less depression, anxiety-like behavior and more social activities than their wild-type littermate controls. However, they had weight loss and showed motor incoordination and imbalance. Meanwhile, mGat4-/- mice showed increased pain threshold and hypoalgesia behavior in nociceptive stimulus and learning and memory impairments. The expression of multiple components of the GABAergic system including GAD67, GABAA and KCC2 was altered. There is little or no compensatory change in mGat1. In a word, mGat4 may play a key role in normal motor coordination, sensation, emotion, learning and memory and could be the potential target of neurological disorders.

Clinical and histopathological factors for recurrence and metastasis in lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma in Chinese patients.

PURPOSE: To investigate the association of metabolism-related proteins and clinicopathological features with poor prognosis in lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (LGACC). METHODS: Clinicopathological data for 39 Chinese patients with LGACC enrolled were retrospectively analysed. Disease progression included death, recurrence, further nodal metastasis, and distant metastasis. Expression of ASCT2 and GLS1 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for risk factor analyses. RESULTS: At the end of follow-up, 14 patients (35.9%) developed local recurrence, 13 patients (33.3%) developed distant metastasis, 3 patients (7.7%) developed lymph node metastasis, and 9 patients (23.1%) died. Among the 13 patients who developed distant metastasis, lung metastasis was observed in 8 patients (61.5%), the brain in 8 patients (61.5%), and bone in 1 patient (7.7%). ASCT2 was expressed in 16 (57.14%) cases, while GLS1 had high expression in 19 (67.9%) cases. Advanced T category (≥T3), bone erosion, basaloid subtype, and ASCT2 (-) were associated with disease progression. Basaloid subtype was an independent risk factor for local recurrence (P = 0.028; HR, 12.12; 95% CI, 1.3-111.5). ASCT2(-) was an independent risk factor for distant metastasis (P = 0.016; HR, 14.46; 95% CI, 1.6-127.5) and was associated with basaloid subtype (P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: For LGACC, ≥T3 category, basaloid subtype, and bone erosion were high-risk predictors. ASCT2(-) was an independent risk factor for distant metastasis, which suggested that it could be a potential biomarker for LGACC.

Iron-lanthanum supported on graphite sheets for As(III) removal from aqueous solution: kinetics, thermodynamic and ecotoxicity assessment.

Graphene-based material is widely used to remove arsenic from water due to its layered structure with high surface area. Here, we have successfully synthesized Fe-La bimetallic modified graphite sheet materials to more efficiently remove As(III) from aqueous solution. The results showed that Fe-La-graphite sheets (FL-graphite sheets) have a larger specific surface area (194.28 m2·g-1) than graphite sheets (2.80 m2·g-1). The adsorption capacity of FL-graphite sheets for As(III) was 51.69 mg·g-1, which was higher than that of graphite sheets (21.91 mg·g-1), La-graphite sheets (26.06 mg·g-1), and Fe-graphite sheets (40.26 mg·g-1). The FL-graphite sheets conformed to the Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 53.62 mg·g-1. The removal process obeys intra-particle diffusion and pore diffusion for As(III). The results of batch adsorption experiments and characterization analyses demonstrated that oxidation, ligand exchange, and inner sphere complexation mechanisms involved in the adsorption of FL-graphite sheets to As(III) in comparison with graphite sheets. In addition, electrostatic attraction mechanism was found vital in the adsorption. Ecotoxicity assessment revealed that FL-graphite sheets have little influence on rice germination and growth, but reduced the toxicity of As(III) to rice. Therefore, the FL-graphite sheets have good practical application value in purifying As(III) polluted water with litter ecotoxicity.

The Development of the Stress-Free Polishing System Based on the Positioning Error Analysis for the Deterministic Polishing of Jet Electrochemical Machining.

Deterministic polishing based on jet electrochemical machining (Jet-ECM) is a stress-free machining method for low-rigidity and ultra-precision workpieces. The nozzle is equivalent to a special tool in deterministic polishing, and the workpiece material is removed using the mechanism of electrochemical dissolution at the position where the nozzle passes. By precisely regulating the nozzle's movement speed and dwell time, the quantity of material removed from the workpiece at a designated position can be finely adjusted. With this mechanism, the improvement of the workpiece shape accuracy can be achieved by planning the nozzle trajectory and nozzle movement speed. However, due to the positioning errors of the polishing device, the actual position of the nozzle may deviate from the theoretical position, resulting in errors in material removal amount, which affects the accuracy and stability of the polishing process. This study established a mathematical model to analyze the influence of nozzle positioning errors in deterministic polishing based on Jet-ECM. This model has been used to design a specific deterministic polishing device based on Jet-ECM. With the proposed deterministic polishing device, the surface shape of the workpiece is converged. The surface peak-to-valley (PV) value of the φ 50 mm workpiece (valid dimensions = 90% of the central region) indicated that the shape error of the surface was reduced from 2.67 µm to 1.24 µm in 34 min. The power spectral density (PSD) method was used to evaluate the height distribution and height characteristics of the workpiece surface. The results show that the low frequency spatial error is reduced significantly after processing. This study improves the accuracy of the stress-free deterministic polishing methods and further expands the use of deterministic polishing in industry.

Nano zero-valent iron and melatonin synergistically alters uptake and translocation of Cd and As in soil-rice system and mechanism in soil chemistry and microbiology.

Nanoscale zero-valent iron (Fe) is a promising nanomaterial for remediating heavy metal-contaminated soils. Melatonin (MT) is essential to alleviate environmental stress in plants. However, the conjunction effects of Fe and MT (FeMT) on rice Cd, As accumulation and the mechanism of soil chemical and microbial factors interaction are unclear. Here, a pot experiment was conducted to evaluated the effects of the FeMT for rice Cd, As accumulation and underlying mechanisms. The findings showed that FeMT significantly reduced grains Cd by 92%-87% and As by over 90%, whereas improving grains Fe by over 213%. Soil available-Cd and iron plaques-Cd (extracted by dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate solution, DCB-Cd) significantly regulated roots Cd, thus affected Cd transport to grains. Soil pH significantly affected soil As and DCB-As, which further influenced roots As uptake and the transport to shoots and grains. The interactions between the soil bacterial community and soil Fe, available Fe, and DCB-Fe together affected root Fe absorption and transportation in rice. FeMT significantly influenced rhizosphere soil bacterial α- and ß-diversity. Firmicutes as the dominant phylum exhibited a significant positive response to FeMT measure, and acted a key role in reducing soil Cd and As availability mainly by improving iron-manganese plaques. The increase of soil pH caused by FeMT was beneficial only for Actinobacteriota growth, which reduced Cd, As availability probably through complexation and adsorption. FeMT also showed greater potential in reducing human health and ecological risks by rice consumption and straw returning. These results showed the important role of both soil chemical and microbial factors in FeMT-mediated rice Cd, As reduction efficiency. This study opens a novel strategy for safe rice production and improvement of rice iron nutrition level in heavy-metals polluted soil, but also provides new insights into the intricate regulatory relationships among soil biochemistry, toxic elements, microorganism, and plants.

Prediction model of radiotherapy outcome for Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma using informative features selected by chemometric algorithms.

BACKGROUND: Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma (OAL) is a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that most often appears in the tissues near the eye, and radiotherapy is the currently preferred treatment. There has been a controversy regarding the prognostic factors for systemic failure of OAL radiotherapy, the thorough evaluation prior to receiving radiotherapy is highly recommended to better the patient's prognosis and minimize the likelihood of any adverse effects. PURPOSE: To investigate the risk factors that contribute to incomplete remission in OAL radiotherapy and to establish a hybrid model for predicting the radiotherapy outcomes in OAL patients. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed for 87 consecutive patients with OAL who received radiotherapy between Feb 2011 and August 2022 in our center. Seven image features, derived from MRI sequences, were integrated with 122 clinical features to form comprehensive patient feature sets. Chemometric algorithms were then employed to distill highly informative features from these sets. Based on these refined features, SVM and XGBoost classifiers were performed to classify the effect of radiotherapy. RESULTS: The clinical records of from 87 OAL patients (median age: 60 months, IQR: 52-68 months; 62.1% male) treated with radiotherapy were reviewed. Analysis of Lasso (AUC = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.72-0.77) and Random Forest (AUC = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.62-0.70) algorithms revealed four potential features, resulting in an intersection AUC of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.75-0.82). Logistic Regression (AUC = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.72-0.77) identified two features. Furthermore, the integration of chemometric methods such as CARS (AUC = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.62-0.72), UVE (AUC = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.66-0.75), and GA (AUC = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.60-0.69) highlighted six features in total, with an intersection AUC of 0.82 (95% CI: 0.78-0.83). These features included enophthalmos, diplopia, tenderness, elevated ALT count, HBsAg positivity, and CD43 positivity in immunohistochemical tests. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest the effectiveness of chemometric algorithms in pinpointing OAL risk factors, and the prediction model we proposed shows promise in helping clinicians identify OAL patients likely to achieve complete remission via radiotherapy. Notably, patients with a history of exophthalmos, diplopia, tenderness, elevated ALT levels, HBsAg positivity, and CD43 positivity are less likely to attain complete remission after radiotherapy. These insights offer more targeted management strategies for OAL patients. The developed model is accessible online at: https://lzz.testop.top/.

Facilely printed silk fibroin hydrogel microparticles as injectable long-lasting fillers.

There is a high demand from aging people for facial fillers with desirable biocompatibility and lasting filling effects to overcome facial depression. Novel injectable regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) microparticles were facilely printed from a glycidyl methacrylate-modified silk fibroin hydrogel to address this issue. The ß-sheet content and mechanical properties of the RSF hydrogel can be simply modulated by the number of freeze-thawing cycles, and the swelling rate of the RSF hydrogel in saline was negligible. The printed RSF microparticles were uniform, and their diameter was about 300-500 µm, which could be adjusted by the pore sizes of the printed screens. After the injection with a 26-gauge needle, the size distribution of RSF microparticles had no noticeable variation, suggesting that the microparticles could bear the shear strain without breaking during the injection. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that RSF not only had desirable biocompatibility but also facilitated fibroblast migration. The subcutaneous injection experiments demonstrated that the RSF microparticles formed a lasting spot in the injected site. The tissue sections revealed that the RSF microparticles were still distinct on week 8, and blood vessels formed around the microparticles. These promising data demonstrate that the printed RSF microparticles have great potential for facial rejuvenation.

Copper overload induces apoptosis and impaired proliferation of T cell in zebrafish.

Copper is an essential biometal for cell development and function, however, unbalanced copper homeostasis in T cell development and the underlying mechanisms are largely unexplored. Here, we use a zebrafish model to investigate the effect of copper overload in T cell development. We show that copper stressed zebrafish larvae exhibit a significant reduction in T cells with increased cell apoptosis and impaired cell proliferation. T cell progenitors, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, also exhibit increased cell apoptosis. Copper overload induces production of ROS and the down-regulations of its resistance genes foxos, and ectopic expression of foxo3a, ROS scavenger GSH, could both effectively rescue the reduction of T cells in copper overload larvae. Moreover, foxm1-cytoskeleton axis, parallel to ROS-foxo axis, also mediates the copper overload induced T cell developmental defects. Meanwhile, ROS destroys expression of cytoskeleton rather than of foxm1 in the cells to induce cell apoptosis and the impaired proliferation. The functional integrity of copper transporters cox17 and atp7b are required for copper stress in inducing T cell apoptosis and proliferation impairment. Our findings demonstrate that the down-stream ROS-foxo/cytoskeleton and foxm1-cytoskeleton signaling pathways contribute jointly to copper overload induced T cell apoptosis and proliferation defects, which are depend on the integral function of Cox17 and Atp7b, and provide new insight into the copper homeostasis in T lymphocyte development.

Corrigendum: Learning the heterogeneous representation of brain's structure from serial SEM images using a masked autoencoder.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2023.1118419.].

Mesenchymal stromal cells alleviate depressive and anxiety-like behaviors via a lung vagal-to-brain axis in male mice.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common and disabling mental disorders, and current strategies remain inadequate. Although mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown beneficial effects in experimental models of depression, underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, using murine depression models, we demonstrated that MSCs could alleviate depressive and anxiety-like behaviors not due to a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines, but rather activation of dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons. Mechanistically, peripheral delivery of MSCs activated pulmonary innervating vagal sensory neurons, which projected to the nucleus tractus solitarius, inducing the release of 5-HT in DRN. Furthermore, MSC-secreted brain-derived neurotrophic factor activated lung sensory neurons through tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), and inhalation of a TrkB agonist also achieved significant therapeutic effects in male mice. This study reveals a role of peripheral MSCs in regulating central nervous system function and demonstrates a potential "lung vagal-to-brain axis" strategy for MDD.

Melatonin Alleviates Antimony Toxicity by Regulating the Antioxidant Response and Reducing Antimony Accumulation in Oryza sativa L.

Antimony (Sb) is a hazardous metal element that is potentially toxic and carcinogenic. Melatonin (MT) is an indole compound with antioxidant properties that plays an essential role in plant growth and alleviates heavy metal stresses. Nevertheless, little is known about the effects and mechanisms of exogenous MT action on rice under Sb stress. The aim of this experiment was to explore the mechanism of MT reducing Sb toxicity in rice via hydroponics. The results showed that Sb stress significantly inhibited the growth of rice, including biomass, root parameters, and root viability. Exogenous MT obviously alleviated the inhibition of Sb stress on seedling growth and increased biomass, root parameters, and root viability by 15-55%. MT significantly reduced the total Sb content in rice and the subcellular Sb contents in roots by nearly 20-40% and 12.3-54.2% under Sb stress, respectively. MT significantly decreased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA, by nearly 50%), ROS (H2O2 and O2·-, by nearly 20-30%), and RNS (NO and ONOO-) in roots under Sb stress, thus reducing oxidative stress and cell membrane damage. Furthermore, MT reversed Sb-induced phytotoxicity by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT, and APX) by nearly 15% to 50% and by regulating the AsA-GSH cycle. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential of MT to maintain redox homeostasis and reduce Sb toxicity in rice cells, decreasing the content of Sb in rice and thereby alleviating the inhibition of Sb on rice growth. The results provided a feasible strategy for mitigating Sb toxicity in rice.

Enzymatically Activatable Polymers for Disease Diagnosis and Treatment.

The irregular expression or activity of enzymes in the human body leads to various pathological disorders and can therefore be used as an intrinsic trigger for more precise identification of disease foci and controlled release of diagnostics and therapeutics, leading to improved diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and therapeutic efficacy while reducing systemic toxicity. Advanced synthesis strategies enable the preparation of polymers with enzymatically activatable skeletons or side chains, while understanding enzymatically responsive mechanisms promotes rational incorporation of activatable units and predictions of the release profile of diagnostics and therapeutics, ultimately leading to promising applications in disease diagnosis and treatment with superior biocompatibility and efficiency. By overcoming the challenges, new opportunities will emerge to inspire researchers to develop more efficient, safer, and clinically reliable enzymatically activatable polymeric carriers as well as prodrugs.

Producing Bilayer Graphene Oxide via Wedge Ion-Assisted Anodic Exfoliation: Implications for Energy and Electronics.

Electrochemical synthesis has emerged as a promising approach for the large-scale production of graphene-based two-dimensional (2D) materials. Electrochemical intercalation of ions and molecules between graphite layers plays a key role in the synthesis of graphene with controllable thickness. However, there is still a limited understanding regarding the impact of intercalant molecules. Herein, we investigated a series of anionic species (i.e., ClO4-, PF6-, BF4-, HSO4-, CH3SO3-, and TsO-) and examined their wedging process between the weakly bonded layered materials driven by electrochemistry. By combining cyclic voltammetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy, along with density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we found that stage-2 graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) can be obtained through intercalation of ClO4-, PF6-, or BF4- anions into the adjacent graphene bilayers. The anodic exfoliation step based on ClO4--GIC in (NH4)2SO4 (aq.) resulted in the formation of bilayer-rich (>57%) electrochemically exfoliated graphene oxide (EGO), with a high yield (∼85 wt %). Further, the physicochemical properties of these EGO can be readily customized through electrochemical reduction and modification with different surfactants. This versatility allows for precise tailoring of EGO, making it feasible for energy and electronic applications such as electrodes in electrochemical capacitors and functional composites in wearable electronics.

Surgical outcomes of laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy for upper-third gastric cancer: esophagogastrostomy, gastric tube reconstruction, and double-tract reconstruction.

BACKGROUND: There is no consensus on the optimal reconstruction technique after proximal gastrectomy. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively compare the surgical outcomes among esophagogastrostomy (EG) anastomosis, gastric tube (GT) reconstruction and double-tract (DT) reconstruction in patients who underwent laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy (LPG) to clarify the superior reconstruction method. METHODS: This study enrolled 164 patients who underwent LPG at the Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital in Jiangsu between January 2017 to January 2022 (EG: 51 patients; GT: 77 patients; DT: 36 patients). We compared the clinical and pathological characteristics, surgical features, postoperative complications, nutritional status, and quality of life (QOL) among the above three groups. RESULTS: Mean operative time was longer with the DT group than the remaining two groups (p = 0.001). With regard to postoperative complications, considerable differences in the postoperative reflux symptoms (p = 0.042) and reflux esophagitis (p = 0.040) among the three groups were found. For the nutritional status, total protein, hemoglobin and albumin reduction rates in the GT group were significantly higher than the other two groups at 12 months postoperatively. In the PGSAS-45, three assessment items were better in the DT group significantly compared with the esophageal reflux subscale (p = 0.047, Cohen's d = 0.44), dissatisfaction at the meal (p = 0.009, Cohen's d = 0.58), and dissatisfaction for daily life subscale (p = 0.012, Cohen's d = 0.56). CONCLUSIONS: DT after LPG is a valuable reconstruction technique with satisfactory surgical outcomes, especially regarding reduced reflux symptoms, improving the postoperative nutritional status and QOL.

Green tissue-targeted expression of the Cry1Ab/c gene in transgenic maize using the Cre/loxP system as an alternative strategy against lepidopteran pests.

Genetically modified (GM) proteins in edible tissues of transgenic maize are of intense public concern. We provided a Cre/loxP-based strategy for manipulating the expression of transgenes in green tissues while locking them in nongreen tissues. First, the Cre gene was driven by the green tissue-specific promoter Zm1rbcS to generate transgenic maize KEY. Meanwhile, a gene cassette containing a Nos terminator (NosT) in front of the Cry1Ab/c gene was driven by the strong promoter ZmUbi to generate another transgenic maize LOCK. By crossing KEY and LOCK plants, the expressed Cre recombinase under the control of the Zm1rbcS promoter from KEY maize accurately removed the NosT of LOCK maize. Consequently, the expression of blocked Cry1Ab/c was enabled in specific green tissues in their hybrids. The expression level and concentration of Cry1Ab/c were observed using a strategy with high specific accumulation in green tissues (leaf and stem). Still, only a small or absent amount was observed in root and kernel tissues. Furthermore, we assessed the bioactivity of transgenic maize against 2 common lepidopteran pests, Ostrinia furnacalis and Spodoptera frugiperda, in the laboratory and field. The transgenic plants showed high plant resistance levels against the 2 pests, with mortality rates above 97.2% and damage scales below 2.2 compared with the control group. These findings are significant for exploring novel genetic engineering techniques in GM maize and providing a feasible strategy for transgenes avoiding expression in edible parts. In addition, implementing the Cre/loxP-mediated system could relieve public sentiment toward the biosafety of GM plants.

Enhancing the Gene Transfection of Poly(ß-amino ester)/DNA Polyplexes by Modular Manipulation of Amphiphilicity.

Poly(ß-amino ester)s (PAEs) have been widely developed for gene delivery, and hydrophobic modification can further enhance their gene transfection efficiency. However, systematic manipulation of amphiphilicity of PAEs through copolymerization with hydrophobic monomers is time-consuming and, to some extent, uncontrollable. Here, a modular strategy is developed to manipulate the amphiphilicity of the PAE/DNA polyplexes. A hydrophobic polymer (DD-C12-122) and a hydrophilic polymer (DD-90-122) are synthesized separately and used as a hydrophobic module and a hydrophilic module, respectively. The amphiphilicity of polyplexes could be manipulated by changing the ratio of the hydrophobic module and hydrophilic module. Using the modular strategy, the PAE/DNA polyplexes with the highest gene transfection efficiency and safety profile as well as possible mechanisms are identified. The modular strategy provides a novel way to engineer the hydrophobicity of PAEs to improve their gene transfection and can be easily generalized and potentially extended to other polymeric gene delivery systems.

Chloride converts lead slag into a bifunctional material to remove heavy metals.

Efficient and safe removal of arsenic and lead from industrial wastewater is essential for ecological protection. In this study, we developed a novel method using lead slag as a purifying agent and sodium chloride as a reinforcing agent to remove arsenic and lead from industrial wastewater. Through a combination of experiments and simulations, we elucidated the mechanisms involved in this reaction. The initial concentrations of As and Pb ions in the industrial wastewater were 4333 and 188 mg/L, respectively. After the reaction at 25 °C and a pH ranging from 9.7 to 10, the concentrations of arsenic and lead were reduced to 4.9 mg/L and 0.008 mg/L, respectively, achieving a removal rate of 99.9%. Our experimental results demonstrated that Pb2+ and AsO43- ions released from the lead slag and industrial wastewater reacted with Cl- ions to form Pb5(AsO4)3Cl precipitates, thus effectively eliminating a significant amount of As and Pb species. Simulation studies indicated that Pb5(AsO4)3Cl exhibited exceptional stability below 400 °C and could be directly stored. Additionally, the lead slag, which is rich in silica, played a crucial role in removing and stabilizing As and Pb ions. Under alkaline conditions, silica encapsulated the As and Pb species, adhering to the surface of the Pb-As co-precipitates and forming dense, irregular, small particles with internal and external structures that impeded the efflux of As and Pb ions. This phenomenon was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The kinetics of As and Pb ion removal was consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating that the removal process was primarily governed by chemical interactions. Lead slag exhibits significant potential and advantages in the removal of As and Pb. This innovative method offers an effective approach to address heavy metal contamination in industrial wastewater, thus contributing to ecological protection.