Analysis of risk factors associated with breast cancer in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The aim of the present study was to explore the risk factors and protective factors related to breast cancer onset in women, but there is still a big debate in this respect. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically review the risk factors induced by breast cancer by using meta methods to guide clinical prevention and treatment. Methods: Studies on factors related to breast cancer onset in Chinese women were retrieved from articles from Chinese, international databases published and organizations and websites, and registers from January 2014 to January 2021. Articles were independently screened, extracted, and evaluated for quality by 2 researchers. The Cochrane Collaboration Center provided Review Manger 5.2 software [Cochrane Information Management System (IMS)] for statistical analysis, and the risk ratio of dichotic variables was adopted. Results: History of benign breast disease [odds ratio (OR) 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.95-1.12, P=0.42], family history of breast cancer (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.83-2.23, P<0.00001), menopause onset >50 years of age (OR: 1.78, 95% CI: 1.62-1.95, P<0.00001), and use of oral contraceptives (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.02-1.32, P=0.02) were found to be breast cancer risk factors. The number of term pregnancies (OR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.66-0.97, P=0.03) and breastfeeding (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74-0.96, P=0.01) were found to be protective factors for breast cancer. Conclusions: In order to control the occurrence of breast cancer, effective measures should be taken to effectively avoid related risk factors, and breastfeeding and high-risk population screening should be advocated.

Qualitative study of the psychological experience of COVID-19 patients during hospitalization.

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread across the globe, but patient experiences are rarely documented. OBJECTIVE: To explore the psychology of COVID-19 patients during hospitalization. METHODS: A phenomenological and robust sampling approach was employed. Sixteen patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology with COVID-19 from 20th January to 1st March 2020 were selected. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, phone calls, or face-to-face interviews using quarantine measures. Data were analyzed using the Colaizzi method. RESULTS: The psychological experience of COVID-19 patients during hospitalization could be summarized into five themes. Firstly, attitudes toward the disease included fear, denial, and stigma during the early stages, which gradually developed into acceptance in the later stages. Secondly, the major source of stress included the viral nature of the disease, quarantine measures, and concerns regarding the health of family members. Thirdly, reactions of body and mind included disease stage-dependent emotional responses, excessive attention to symptoms, rumination, and changes in diet, sleep, and behavior. Fourthly, supportive factors included psychological adjustments, medical care, and family and social support. Finally, the disease resulted in psychological growth and patients viewed problems with gratitude through the cherishing of life, family, bravery, and tenacity. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 patients gradually changed their attitude toward the disease and displayed emotional responses dependent on the stage of the disease. Negative emotions dominated during the early stages but gradually gave way to mixed positive and negative emotions. Active guidance of psychological growth may therefore promote physical and mental recovery in COVID-19 patients.

Risk factors and prevalence of diabetic retinopathy: A protocol for meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the serious complications of diabetes mellitus. Without further treatment, it can evolve into the stage of proliferation, which will lead to the formation of new blood vessels, vitreous hemorrhage, or anterior retinal hemorrhage, which will lead to severe vision loss and increase the risk of blindness. METHODS: The research literature on the risk factors of diabetic retinopathy published as of July 1, 2020 was searched through MEDLINE, Embase, ovid, Web of Science, Wanfang, CNKI, and other databases, The search strategy has been first developed in MEDLINE using MeSH subject headings combined with free-text terms and Stata12.0 software was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS: This study is ongoing and the results will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval is not applicable, since this is an overview based on published articles. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION NUMBER: The registration number is INPLASY202070107, the DOI number is 10.37766/inplasy2020.7.0107.

A qualitative study on the psychological experience of caregivers of COVID-19 patients.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly, bringing pressure and challenges to nursing staff. OBJECTIVE: To explore the psychology of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients. METHODS: Using a phenomenological approach, we enrolled 20 nurses who provided care for COVID-19 patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from January 20, to February 10, 2020. The interviews were conducted face-to-face or by telephone and were analysed by Colaizzi's 7-step method. RESULTS: The psychological experience of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients can be summarized into 4 themes. First, negative emotions present in early stage consisting of fatigue, discomfort, and helplessness was caused by high-intensity work, fear and anxiety, and concern for patients and family members. Second, self-coping styles included psychological and life adjustment, altruistic acts, team support, and rational cognition. Third, we found growth under pressure, which included increased affection and gratefulness, development of professional responsibility, and self-reflection. Finally, we showed that positive emotions occurred simultaneously with negative emotions. CONCLUSIONS: During an epidemic outbreak, positive and negative emotions of the front-line nurses interweaved and coexisted. In the early stage, negative emotions were dominant and positive emotions appeared gradually. Self-coping styles and psychological growth played an important role in maintaining mental health of nurses.