The association of dietary patterns with latent tuberculosis infection among young adults: A case-control study in Shanghai.

INTRODUCTION: In developing and underdeveloped countries, undernutrition plays a major role in subverting the immune system, leading to an increase in TB infections; this study investigated the associations between dietary patterns and latent tuberculosis infection risk among young adults in Shanghai. METHODOLOGY: In a case-control study, 96 cases of latent tuberculosis infection and 192 healthy controls were studied among contacts of students in clusters of tuberculosis epidemics in colleges from January 2021 to March 2023. A standardized questionnaire assessing sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary characteristics was applied. Food intake was estimated using a 95-item semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Using the principal component analysis to extract dietary patterns from food groups intake. Logistic regression models were applied. RESULTS: Four dietary patterns were identified: "traditional balanced" pattern, "unsaturated fatty acid" pattern, "snack" pattern, and "protein and fruit" pattern. Four components explaining 64.52% of the total variation in consumption were derived. In a conditional logistic regression analysis, three models were created. After adjusting for various confounders, compared to "snack" pattern, the risk of latent TB infection was 91% lower in the "traditional balanced" pattern (OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.01, 0.38, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: To prevent TB infection among young adults living in high TB burden areas, a balanced dietary pattern rather than a "snack" pattern should be promoted in school settings. Future research should explore the risk of developing active tuberculosis in Mtb-infected people with different dietary patterns and the prevention of this risk by healthy dietary patterns.

Effects of airborne pollen on allergic rhinitis and asthma across different age groups in Beijing, China.

In the context of global warming and rapid urbanization, pollen has become a significant public health concern for Chinese citizens. However, there is a paucity of epidemiological research on the impact of pollen on allergen-linked diseases, such as allergic rhinitis and asthma, in China. Using data from the Beijing Chaoyang Hospital between 2013 and 2019, which included allergic rhinitis and asthma incidence, meteorological records, and air pollution data, we employed a Generalized Additive Model (GAM) to examine the relationship between overall and type-specific pollen concentrations in relation to varying population exposures. We found that increased overall pollen concentrations significantly increased the risks of allergic rhinitis and asthma in diverse populations. Notably, the risk of allergic rhinitis was higher than that of asthma at equivalent pollen concentrations. Seasonal trends indicated that spring pollen peaks, primarily from trees, were associated with a lower risk of both allergic rhinitis and asthma than autumn peaks, predominantly from weeds. This study underscores the importance of identifying pollen species that pose heightened risks to different demographic groups across seasons, thereby providing targeted interventions for public health agencies.

The burden of tuberculosis among adolescents and young adults in five Asian countries from 1990 to 2019.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that the risk of tuberculosis (TB) increases dramatically during adolescence. The objective of this article was to analyze the burdens and trends of TB incidence and mortality rates in Asian adolescents and young adults. METHODS: Time series ecological study of TB incidence and mortality rates of adolescents and young adults aged 10-24 years from 1990 to 2019, using data extracted from the Global Burden of Disease website for 5 Asian countries. The annual percentage change was calculated by joinpoint regression analysis to estimate the trends in the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized death rate (ASDR). RESULTS: The highest ASIR per 100,000 person-years in 2019 was in Mongolia [74 (95% uncertainty interval (UI), 51 to 105)], while the lowest was in Japan [4 (95% UI, 2 to 6)]. The highest ASDR per 100,000 person-years was in Mongolia [2 (95% UI, 1 to 3)], while the lowest was in Japan [0.009 (95% UI, 0.008 to 0.010)]. As the absolute number of cases and deaths decreased from 1990 to 2019, the ASIRs and ASDRs in all five countries also decreased. CONCLUSIONS: Our finding revealed that although all five countries in Asia experienced descending TB incidence and mortality trend in past three decades, the trends were especially significant in developed countries and varied across geographic regions. This study may be crucial in helping policymakers make decisions and allocate appropriate resources to adolescent TB control strategies.

Establishing a trans-provincial closed-type medical alliance via city-university cooperation: practice and exploration / 中华医院管理杂志

In response to calls of the state to share high quality medical resources with the primary levels for easier access of the local people to best medical care instead of pouring into tertiary hospitals in metropolitans, Xiamen city joined hands with Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University to establish Xiamen Hospital affiliated to Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University in an innovative model of " city-university cooperation and homogeneous management" . Open for full service in January 2018, the hospital is run by Zhongshan Hospital in a closed-type medical alliance, enjoying homogenous management in terms of administrative framework, quality of care, talent training and IT management. Thanks to this practice, the hospital has grown into one of the first pilot units of the national regional medical center program, rapidly upgrading medical service level of Xiamen city and its surrounding regions. This paper highlighted the practice of homogeneous management, and analyzed the challenges and solutions for references of building trans-regional closed-type medical alliances.

High-throughput texture analysis in the distinction of single metastatic brain tumors from high-grade gliomas / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective@#To explore the feasibility of high-throughput texture analysis in the distinction of single brain metastases (SBM) from high-grade gliomas (HGG) and validate the established model.@*Methods@#A total of 86 patients who were histologically diagnosed with SBM or HGG were retrospectively collected, including 43 patients with SBM and 43 with HGG. All of patients were performed preoperative conventional head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. A total of 236 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLALR) images containing the information of tumors were selected from the MRI images and each image was considered as an object. The training set had 200 images, including 106 from SBM group and 94 from HGG group, whereas the validation set had 36 images, including 19 from SBM group and 17 from HGG. After images preprocessing, images segmentation, features extraction, and features selection, a radiomic diagnostic model was finally established using the training set. The diagnostic performance of the diagnostic model was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Hierarchical clustering analysis was used to evaluate the quality of the extracted feature data and the classification effect of the model. The model was further validated using the independent validation set.@*Results@#A total of 629 features were extracted and quantified from each sample, and 41 features were selected to establish feature subsets and the diagnostic model. The classification decision function of the model is f(x)=sign and the kernel function of the model is K(x, xi)=exp. In the training set, the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 0.845, 0.849, 0.840, 0.857 and 0.832, respectively. The area under the ROC curve reached to 0.939. Similar results were obtained in the validation set.@*Conclusion@#The high-throughput texture analysis shows high accuracy in differentiating SBM from HGG.

The study of the clinical features of the concurrence of an attack of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in elderly patients / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical features of asthma at attack and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) occurred at the same time (ACO),in elderly people for correct diagnosis and treatment of ACO.Methods A total of 102 elderly patients with either COPD or asthma who visited the Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from October 2010 to June 2016 were recruited for the study.Comparisons of clinical characteristics pulmonary function,airway inflammation and systemic inflammation,quality of life,acute aggravation,treatment and health care costs and comorbidity were carried out among the patients with COPD,asthma and ACO.Results ACO may present the features of both asthma and COPD.FEV1 and FEV1 FVC in ACO group (43.38±11.55)vs.(45.58±11.26) were significantly lower than those in asthma group(71.28±12.46) vs.(74.61±16.21) (P＜0.05),but there was no statistical difference between ACO group and COPD group (1.78±10.28)vs.(52.59±8.52)(P＞0.05).DLco in ACO group(61.86±13.53) was significantly lower than that in asthma group (86.28±16.54) (P＜0.05) and higher than that in COPD group(49.27±19.63) (P＜0.05).RV TLC in ACO group(49.85±12.59) was significantly higher than that in asthma group(29.58±1 5.43)(P＜0.05),but there was no statistical difference between ACO group and COPD group(52.65±1 1.58) (P＞＜0.05).Fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO) in ACO group (29.37±10.85)was significantly lower than that in asthma group (40.18±11.86) (P＜0.05) and higher than that in COPD group(10.22±9.28) (P＜0.05).The proportion of patients with increased percentage of eosinophils in ACO group 25％ was significantly lower than that in asthma group 44.44％ (P＜0.05) and higher than that in COPD group 3.70％ (P＜0.05).The similar results were seen in IgE and C-reactive protein(CRP).There was significantly statistical difference in asthma control test(ACT) between ACO group and asthma group.There was significantly statistical difference in COPD assessment test(CAT) and the modified British Medical Research Council questionnaire (mMRC) scores between ACO group and COPD group;There was significantly statistical difference in six-minute walking distance (6MWD) among three groups(all P＜0.05).The number of acute exacerbations in ACO group (2.93±0.92) was significantly higher than that in asthma group(1.76±0.79)and COPD group(2.12±0.88) (F=14.09,P＜0.05).There was no statistical difference in treatment and health care costs among three groups(all P＞0.05).There were no statistically difference in comorbidity among three groups (all P＞0.05).Conclusions The clinical characteristics of ACO patients are different from those of COPD and asthma patients,It is necessary to understand the mechanism of ACO in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment.

Optimization of Dosage Regimen of Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium Extended Release Tablets Based on PK/PD Parameters / 中国药师

Objective:To optimize the clinical dosage regimen of amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium extended release ( ER) tablets based on the PK/PD parameters. Methods:Totally 30 healthy subjects ( half male and half female) were randomly divided into three groups, and orally administered the ER tablets respectively under fasting condition, before the meal and after the meal, and the optimal administration time was determined by comparing the pharmacokinetic characteristics. The subjects in the three groups were ad-ministered the ER tablets respectively at low, medium and high dosage, and the optimal dosage and dosing interval were determined based on the PK/PD parameters. Results:Under fasting condition, the AUC of amoxicillin [(32.2 ±15.0) μg·h·ml-1] was sig-nificantly lower than that before the meal [(41.7 ±1.92) μg·h·ml-1] and that after the meal [(42.6 ±17.7) μg·h·ml-1]. In contrast, the AUC of clavulanate acid after the meal [(1.89 ±0.54) μg·h·ml-1] was significantly lower than that under fasting condition [(2.55 ±0.76) μg·h·ml-1] and that before the meal [(2.58 ±0.76) μg·h·ml-1] (P MIC) in 12 h was 5. 5, 7 and 10 h, and the percentage was 46%, 58% and 83%, respectively, and T> MIC in 12 h was 4. 5, 6 and 8 h, and the percentage was 38%, 50% and 67%, re-spectively when MIC was 4. 0μg·ml-1 . Conclusion:It is suggested that amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium ER tablets be taken at the start of a standard meal, 2 tablets per time, twice daily, which is sufficient to achieve T> MIC of 40% -50%.

Influence of renal damage on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hospitalizations / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the influence of chronic renal disease (CKD) on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and hospitalization.Methods Fifty patients clinically diagnosed as COPD complicating CKD in our hospital from January 2011 to June 2013 were selected as the observation group and 50 patients with CKD-free COPD were taken as a control group.The comparative analysis was performed by retrospecting the data of lung function,exercise tolerance and hospitalization situation in 1 year follow up.Results The mortality rate,total occurrence rate of AECOPD,occurrence rate of severe AECOPD,hospitalization rate,hospitalization time,self-rating test (CAT) score,mMRC dyspnea index,CRP and blood creatinine level in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P0.05).Conclusion The condition in COPD patients complicating CKD at 1 year after clinical diagnosis is significantly aggravated compared with COPD patients without complicating CKD,and the prognosis for patients complicated with CKD is poorer.

Study on correlation between ERα gene PvuⅡ ,XbaⅠ and Erβ gene RsaⅠ , AluⅠ digestion polymorphism with coronary heart disease / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation of ERα gene PvuⅡ ,XbaⅠ and ERβ gene RsaⅠ ,AluⅠ digestion polymorphism with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease(CHD) risk factors in Yancheng area .Methods A total of 124 cases of CHD and 163 persons undergoing physical examination served as the CHD group and CON group .The enzyme method was adopted to detect TG and TC .The direction method was adopted to detect HDL and LDL .ERα gene PvuⅡ ,XbaⅠ and ERβ gene RsaⅠ ,AluⅠ digestion polymorphisms were detected by adopting RFLP-PCR .Results The ratios of smoking history ,family history ,complicating hypertension and diabetes ,and the level of body mass index ,TC ,TG and LDLC in the CHD group were significantly higher than those in the control group ,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0 .05) .The various indicators had no statistically difference between male and female(P＞0 .05) .The frequency distribution and geographic distribution of ERα gene PvuⅡ ,XbaⅠ and ERβ gene RsaⅠ ,Alu Ⅰ digestion polymorphisms had no difference between the two groups ,all conformed to Hardy-Weinberg genetic equilibrium and had the group representativeness .pp ,xx ,RR and AA genotypes in the CHD group were maximal ,while PP , XX ,rr and aa genotypes were minimal ;Pp ,xx ,RR and AA genotypes in the CON group were maximal ,while PP ,XX ,rr and aa genotypes were minimal .The distribution frequency of p and x genes in the CHD group was significantly higher than that in the control group ,the difference was statistically significant(P＜0 .05) .Conclusion The estrogen gene polymorphism might be a target spot for effectively treating CHD ,and p and x gene distribution frequency may be related with CHD risk factors .

Measurement of bone metabolism markers and changes of bone mineral density in patients with bone and joint disease and fractures in perioperative period / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:The bone mineral density is a static parameter that reflects the bone mass in a relatively long time. If you want to know the dynamic changes of bone metabolism, bone metabolism markers should be evaluated. OBJECTIVE:To explore changes of bone metabolism markers and bone mineral density during perioperative period in patients with spine and joint degeneration and osteoporotic fractures. METHODS:We retrieved PubMed and Wanfang database for articles published from 2005 to 2016. The key words were“bone metabolic markers, bone mineral density, serum, urine”. Twenty-nine articles were analyzed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At present, bone formation markers commonly used in clinic mainly included bone alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, procol agen type I N-terminal peptide, and procol agen type I C-terminal peptide. Bone resorption markers included tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, col agen type I N-terminal telopeptide, col agen type I C-terminal telopeptide, deoxidation pyridinoline, pyridinoline, and hydroxyproline. Bone mineral density had little change, and bone resorption markers were elevated in patients with spine and joint degeneration and osteoporotic fractures, indicating active resorption. Increased bone formation markers in patients with fracture during perioperative period suggested that new bone formed in perioperative period of fracture. In the perioperative period, bone formation markers reduced and bone formation was inhibited in patients with bone degeneration. Increased bone resorption is more obvious in perioperative period in patients with bone and joint disease and fractures, which probably further aggravated the degree of osteoporosis, and should be treated by regular anti-osteoporosis therapy.

The technology feasibility studies and image quality evaluation of computed tomographic pulmonary angiography using dual-energy subtraction / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To assess quantitative and subjective image quality in computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CT-PA)with dual-energy subtraction methods,and to select the best dual-energy subtraction method.Methods 30 consecutive patients underwent CTPA using a single tube,fast voltage switching technique.One set of routine poly-chromatic images (RPI),two sets of monochromatic images with different optimal contrast-to-noise ratios (OCNR)and three sets of dual-energy subtraction images (DE-SI)were obtained by a dedicated workstation with dual-energy software (AW4.5 Advantage WS;GE Healthcare).For all the six sets of images,CNR and the score of global subjective image quality were calculated.Results DESI 3 got the highest CNR,and DESI 1 got the next high CNR.In global subjective image quality,DESI 1 got the highest score.However,when compared with DESI 2,no significant difference was found.Conclusion CTPA with dual-energy subtraction technique is feasible.DESI 1 affords the best bal-ance between quantitative analysis and subjective evaluation compared with other sets of images.

Hypertension management for migrant workers in the community of Shenzhen city / 中华全科医师杂志

The management model “primary care in community,team service,first contact physician responsibility and two-way referral” was implemented for migrant workers with hypertension in the community.The hypertensive patients under the management for over six months were assigned as management group; the patients who were registered but not under management for over six months served as the control group.The number of new cases detected in hypertension screening increased from 32 in 2008 to 701cases in 2010; and number of hypertensive patients under management increased from 7 cases to 348 accordingly.A questionnaire survey was conducted in 464 hypertensive patients,including 196 cases in management group and 268 cases in control group with a response rate of 94.9％ (186/196) and 92.5％ (248/268) respectively.The results showed that drug compliance rate in management group (168/186,90.3％ ) was significantly higher than that in the control group ( 26.6％,66/248,P =0.00 ).The rate of blood pressure control in management group (87.1％,162/186 ) was significantly higher than that in the control group (25.8％,64/248,P =0.00).The overall satisfaction (98.9％) in management group was significantly higher than that in the control group (88.7％,P =0.00 ).The results indicate that implementation of the hypertension management in migrant workers improves the health seeking behavior and blood pressure control of patients.

Clinical correlation between myeloperoxidase and acute coronary syndrome / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

Objective To study whether myeloperoxidase (MPO) can provide prognostic information in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Methods The study population consisted of 274 consecutive patients with ACS. All patients underwent coronary angiography which showed significant coronary artery disease and blood samples were collected at admission. Follow-ups were scheduled at 1, 3, and 6 months.The end point included cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction (MI), percutaneous or surgical revascularization. Results Patients with elevated MPO serum levels (MPO ≥ 72.2 AUU/L) were more likely to have diabetics and had a history of coronary events. Kaplan-Meier event rate curves with accumulative incidence of end point at 6-month follow-up in the MPO ≥ 72.2 AUU/L group was significantly higher than in MPO＜72.2 AUU/L group. Conclusions MPO may be a powerful predictor of adverse outcome in patients with ACS.

Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation for acute primary angle closure with cataract in expansion phase: a long-term efficiency study / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To evaluate the long-term effect of phacoemulsification (PHACO)+intraocular lens implantation (IOL) for cataract combined with primary angle closure (PAC) in the expansion phase. Methods Thirty-eight eyes of 29 patients which suffered from cataract combined PAC in the expansion phase had undergone PHACO+IOL and goniosynechialysis from June 2005 to December 2006 were retrospectively studied. Results A total of 32 eyes of 24 cases were followed up for 6 to 35 months post-operatively, meanly 19.53?8.93 months. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was significantly decreased from a preoperative mean of (31.61?9.88) mmHg without medication therapy to (16.73?2.13) mmHg in 1 month after operation and (15.61?1.94) mmHg at the end of follow-up. The differences between the untreatment and the treatment were statistically significant (P=0.000). The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was significantly improved in all cases (P=0.000). Although the BCVA at the end of follow-up was declined when compared with the acuity 1 month post-operatively, there was no significant difference. The mean central anterior chamber depth was increased from (2.22?0.51) mm preoperatively to (3.59?0.46) mm in 1 month after operation and (3.17?0.35) mm at the end of follow-up with significant differences (P=0.000). The angle of anterior chamber in all operated eyes became wider and the parts of angle closure opened at different degrees. All of patients had no any vision defection. Conclusion PHACO+IOL and combined with goniosynechialysis blocks primary angle-closure glaucoma course, and has better long-term effect.

The Choice of Intra-esophageal Metallic Stent / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To further control the indications and to improve the effect of intra-esophageal metallic stents.Methods 83 metallic stents were be planted into esophageal through endoscopy and under X-ray TV guiding using two kinds of stent meterials in 72 cases with benign or maligant stenosis(esophageal,cardiac orifice).Results The operation of planting stents was successful in all patients and the effect of treatment of esophageal stenosis with stents covered by dacron kint membrane was best.The clinical symptoms and food intaking ablities of all patients were improved.Conclusion Home-made nitinol stents can be plant in treatment of malighent esophageal stenosis.It should be first choice for the patients without indications of surgery or after operation.

Compartive Analysis on CT Diagnosis and Surgical Finding of LDH / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To improve the level of CT in diagnosing LDH and to provide the proof for selecting method of clinical treatment in lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Methods 218 cases of LDH showed by CT and operative exploration were analysed retrospectively.Results The accurate rats of CT diagnosis of LDH were 95.4%. According to CT findings it may be divided into 5 types: Ⅰ was central type, Ⅱ was postero-lateral type, Ⅲ was forminal type, Ⅳ was extreme lateral type, was nucleus pulposus type. Conclusion CT plays an important role in diagnosis and selecting methods of clinical treatment of LDH; It is signficance to enhance the accurate rats of CT diagnosis and the effect of treatment by distinguish nucleus pulposus and fibrous scar tissue from CT finding of LDH.

Scientific management of centers for emergency cardiopulmonary treatment / 中华医院管理杂志

The paper expounds the scientific management of the science of emergency treatment in the following aspects, organization and structure, quality, computerized information, and special emergency treatment combined with general emergency treatment. It also discusses the management of services facilitating emergency treatment, such as administration, goods provision, human resources, economy, and contingency plans for emergent events.

The study of disease-causative gene for primary open angle glaucoma pedigree in Chongqing / 眼科

The pathogenesis of the primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)has not been understood completely,but the genetic factors been generally considered as an important role in POAG's development.Maping the disease-causative gene by linkage analysis at POAG family that consistent with Mendelian feature of autosomal dominant inheritance,two POAG families located in Chongqing Zhongxian county were studied at the same time by the Da-Ping Hospital of the third Military Medical College and Human Molecular Biology and Genetics Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital.The disease-causative gene for POAG at two families were mapped to chromosome 2p1S-p16 that is overlapped by the Glaucoma 1,openangle,H(GLC1H)locus for adult-onset POAG by Suriyapperuma SP,etc,in 2007.The locus was first found in Chinese,but age of patients were younger and patient's conditions more serious.Haplotype analysis in these two families demonstrated that they shared the same disease haplotype,suggesting they have inherited the mutation fiom a common founder.Even more exists OPTN and CYP1B1 gene mutation at family Li.It was possiblly related to their severity phenotype.