RESUMO
BackgroundThe outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is threatening a surging number of populations worldwide, including women in breastfeeding period. Limited evidence is available concerning breastfeeding in women with COVID-19. MethodsTwenty-three pregnant women and puerperae were enrolled in the study. To evaluate the effect of breastfeeding on SARS-CoV-2 transmission, the presence of SARS-CoV-2, IgG and IgM in breast milk, maternal blood and infant blood were assessed. Feeding patterns were also recorded in follow-up. ResultsNo positive detection for SARS-CoV-2 of neonates was found. All breast milk samples were negative for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The presence of IgM of SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk was correlated with maternal blood. The results of IgG detection for SARS-CoV-2 were negative in all breast milk samples. All the infants were in healthy condition while six of them were fed with whole or partial breast milk. Eight infants received antibody test for SARS-CoV-2 in one month after birth and the results were all negative. ConclusionFindings from this small number of cases suggest that there is currently no evidence for mother-to-child transmission via breast feeding in women with COVID-19 in the third trimester and puerperium.
RESUMO
BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the cause of the ongoing worldwide epidemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China and worldwide. However, there were few studies about the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnant women. MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, we enrolled 31 pregnant women and 35 non-pregnant women from Jan 28 to Feb 28, 2020 to evaluate the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Inflammatory indices were used to assess the severity of COVID-19. Evidence of vertical transmission was determined by laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 in amniotic fluid, placenta, neonatal throat and anal swab and breastmilk samples. FindingsCompared with non-pregnant women, pregnant women had a significantly lower proportion of fever (54{middle dot}8% vs. 87{middle dot}5%, p= 0.006), a shorter average interval from onset to hospitalization (7{middle dot}80 {+/-}7{middle dot}0d vs. 13{middle dot}2 {+/-} 8{middle dot}2d, p= 0.005), and a higher proportion of severe or critical COVID-19 (32{middle dot}3% vs. 11{middle dot}4%, p=0.039). Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systematic immune-inflammation-based prognostic index (SII) were significantly higher on admission in severe/critical pneumonia group than moderate pneumonia group. We could not detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR in amniotic fluid, placenta, neonatal throat and anal swab and breastmilk samples. InterpretationThe clinical symptoms of COVID-19 in pregnant women were insidious and atypical, compared with those in non-pregnant patients. SII and NLR could be a useful marker to evaluate the severity of COVID-19. There was no evidence of vertical transmission during pregnancy with SARS-CoV-2 infection. FundingNational Natural Science Foundation of China and Research Funds for the Central Universities. Research in contextO_ST_ABSEvidence before this studyC_ST_ABSWe searched PubMed, Embase and Web of science for articles published up to March 1st, 2020, using the keywords ("novel coronavirus" OR "2019 novel coronavirus" OR "2019-nCoV" OR COVID-19 OR SARS-CoV-2) AND (pregnancy OR "maternal infection" OR "fetal infection") AND "Cohort studies". We identified no published cohort studies on pregnant women with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection. Added value of this studyFor this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed clinical records, laboratory findings, and chest CT scans from 31 pregnant women and 35 non-pregnant women from Jan 28 to Feb 28, 2020 to evaluate the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Inflammatory indices were used to assess the severity of COVID-19. Evidence of vertical transmission was determined by laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 in amniotic fluid, placenta, neonatal throat and anal swab and breastmilk samples. Compared with non-pregnant women, pregnant women had a significantly lower proportion of fever (54{middle dot}8% vs. 87{middle dot}5%, p= 0.006), a shorter average interval from onset to hospitalization (7{middle dot}80 {+/-}7{middle dot}0d vs. 13{middle dot}2 {+/-} 8{middle dot}2d, p= 0.005), and a higher proportion of severe or critical COVID-19 (32{middle dot}3% vs. 11{middle dot}4%, p=0.039). Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and systematic immune-inflammation-based prognostic index (SII) were significantly higher on admission in severe/critical pneumonia group than moderate pneumonia group. Amniotic fluid, placenta, neonatal throat and anal swab and breastmilk samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR and all results were negative. Implications of all the available evidenceThe clinical symptoms of COVID-19 in pregnant women were insidious and atypical, compared with those in non-pregnant patients. SII and NLR could be a useful marker to evaluate the severity of COVID-19. There was no evidence of vertical transmission during pregnancy with SARS-CoV-2 infection.