RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to elucidate the anatomical considerations with reference to botulinum neurotoxin type A (BTX) injection, on sectioned images and surface models, using Visible Korean. These can be used for medical education and clinical training in the field of facial surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serially sectioned images of the head were obtained from a cadaver. Significant anatomic structures in the sectioned images were outlined and assembled to create a surface model. RESULTS: The PDF file (27.8 MB) of the stacked models can be accessed for free. The file can also be obtained from the authors by email. Using this file, important anatomical structures associated with the BTX injection can be investigated in the sectioned images. All surface models and stereoscopic structures related with the BTX injection are described in real time. CONCLUSIONS: We hope that these state-of-the-art sectioned images, outlined images, and surface models will assist students and trainees in acquiring a better understanding of the anatomy associated with the BTX injection.
Assuntos
Toxinas Botulínicas Tipo A/farmacologia , Cabeça/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento Tridimensional , Modelos Anatômicos , Cadáver , Humanos , MasculinoAssuntos
Fatores de Coagulação Sanguínea/uso terapêutico , Coagulantes/uso terapêutico , Deficiência do Fator X/tratamento farmacológico , Fatores de Coagulação Sanguínea/farmacocinética , Coagulantes/farmacocinética , Deficiência do Fator X/complicações , Meia-Vida , Humanos , Lactente , Hemorragias Intracranianas/etiologia , Hemorragias Intracranianas/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Recidiva , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS)-free and SLS-containing dentifrice in patient with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The design of this study was a double-blind crossover trial. The 90 subjects were divided into three groups: group I used SLS-free (a commercially available SLS-free dentifrice) and SLS-A (SLS-free + 1.5% SLS), group II used SLS-A and SLS-B (a commercially available 1.5% SLS-containing dentifrice), and group III used SLS-free and SLS-B. The subjects used one of the two assigned dentifrices for 8 weeks and then the other for the following 8 weeks. The order of the dentifrices used was selected at random, and there was a 2-week washout period between the two phases. The clinical parameters (number of ulcers, number of episodes, duration of ulcers, mean pain score) were compared between the two phases for each group. RESULTS: The number of ulcers and episodes did not differ significantly between SLS-A, SLS-B, and SLS-free. Only duration of ulcers and mean pain score was significantly decreased during the period using SLS-free. CONCLUSION: Although SLS-free did not reduce the number of ulcers and episodes, it affected the ulcer-healing process and reduces pain in daily lives in patients with RAS.
Assuntos
Dentifrícios/uso terapêutico , Dodecilsulfato de Sódio/efeitos adversos , Estomatite Aftosa/tratamento farmacológico , Tensoativos/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Estudos Cross-Over , Dentifrícios/química , Método Duplo-Cego , Dor Facial/induzido quimicamente , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Escovação DentáriaRESUMO
In order to reduce the test time in real ear hearing-aid fitting for children, the validity of applying the average real ear to coupler differences (RECDs) in prefitting procedure using a 2cc coupler measurement system was evaluated by checking whether the majority of people's RECDs might occur within 5 dB of the average RECDs (N = 116) in each test frequency and age group. The percentages of occurrence were around 90% in test subjects' RECDs in saturation sound pressure levels (SSPLs) and around 70% in gain in each important test frequency. Appropriate test frequencies in prefitting are 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 Hz.
Assuntos
Auxiliares de Audição , Otolaringologia/instrumentação , Otolaringologia/métodos , Ajuste de Prótese/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Orelha , Humanos , Lactente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Comunicação , Surdez/reabilitação , Auxiliares de Audição , Idade de Início , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , LactenteRESUMO
Many variables affect the audiologic performance of cochlear implantees. With current methods of evaluation, it is difficult to directly compare auditory function with different speech coding strategies. We compared the audiologic performance directly with F0F1F2 and multipeak speech coding strategies in the same implanted ear of eight Korean cochlear implantees. We tested word and phoneme recognition abilities using Korean word lists for speech audiometry and two-syllable nonsense words, respectively. With the multipeak coding strategy, a significant difference in discrimination ability was found in the initial fricative consonant phonemes (/s/,/ss/,/h/). Our results suggest that the improvement of speech recognition ability with the multipeak coding strategy comes primarily from the better understanding of the initial fricative consonants.