Asymmetric autocatalysis triggered by triglycine sulfate with switchable chirality by altering the direction of the applied electric field.

Triglycine sulfate (TGS) acts as a chiral trigger for asymmetric autocatalysis with amplification of enantiomeric excess, i.e., the Soai reaction. Therefore, molecular chirality of highly enantioenriched organic compounds is controlled by a ferroelectric crystal TGS, whose polarization is altered by an electric field.

[Evaluation of safety and efficacy of tebipenem pivoxil granules for pediatric in pneumonia, otitis media and sinusitis].

We conducted a postmarketing surveillance of tebipenem pivoxil granules (Orapenem® fine granules 10% for pediatric), an oral carbapenem antibacterial agent, between April 2010 and March 2013 to evaluate the safety and efficacy in patients with pneumonia or otitis media, or sinusitis Of 3,547 patients enrolled, 3,540 from whom survey forms were collected were analyzed. Of these 3,540 patients, there were a total of 3,331 patients included in the safety analysis, 2,844 in the efficacy analysis, 2,769 in the clinical efficacy analysis, and 461 in the bacteriological efficacy analysis. The incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) was 9.97% (332/3,331 patients), and the major ADRs were gastrointestinal disorders including diarrhoea in 317 patients (9.52%). Diarrhoea was reported in 313 patients (316 events), which were not clinically significant and 94.9% (297/313 patients) were recovery and/or remission. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 94.0% (2,604/2,769 patients). The clinical efficacy rate by the type of infection was 95.6% (415/434 patients) for pneumonia, 93.7% (1,389/1,482 patients) for otitis media and 93.6% (659/704 patients) for sinusitis. The eradication rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis which are major causative organisms in pediatric infection of pneumonia, otitis media and sinusitis were 94.4% (134/142 strains), 92.2% (130/141 strains) and 97.8% (45/46 strains), respectively. The compliance was good in 83.1% of the patients (2,767/3,331 patients). Overall, Orapenem® fine granules 10% for pediatric showed good safety, efficacy, and compliance. These results indicate that Orapenem® fine granules 10% for pediatric is a useful agent in pediatrics with pneumonia or otitis media, or sinusitis.