Nurses' knowledge and attitudes regarding children's pain assessment and management in Nepal.

Pain is frequently experienced by children in hospital, and international guidelines for appropriate pain assessment and management are available. Optimal management of paediatric pain has important long-term health, psychosocial, and economic benefits. However, evidence indicates that globally there are deficits in nurses' understanding of paediatric pain assessment and management. This study explored knowledge and attitudes regarding paediatric pain assessment and management among nurses at a tertiary children's hospital in Nepal. In this cross-sectional study all 140 nurses at a tertiary children's hospital in Nepal, were invited to complete the validated Paediatric Nurses Knowledge and Attitudes Survey. Findings revealed substantial deficits in nurse's knowledge and erroneous attitudes towards pain assessment and management in children. Test scores ranged from 14% to 56%, with mean scores of 38%, with no nurses achieving a recommended pass score of 80% regarding knowledge and attitudes in paediatric pain management. Consistent with previous research, nurses had insufficient knowledge and attitudes that did not reflect best practice regarding pain assessment and management in children. Education programmes targeting both trainees and registered nurses are essential to enable nurses to deliver evidence-based care and improve outcomes for children and their families.

Children and young people's participation in decision-making within healthcare organisations in New Zealand: An integrative review.

There is a paucity of literature on children and young people's participation in decision-making within healthcare organisations in New Zealand. This integrative review examined child self-reported peer-reviewed manuscripts and published guidelines, policy, reviews, expert opinion and legislation to explore how New Zealand children and young people participate in discussions and decision-making processes within healthcare settings and what are barriers and benefits to such participation. Four child self-reported peer-reviewed manuscripts and twelve expert opinion documents were retrieved from four electronic databases including academic, government and institutional websites. Inductive content thematic analysis generated one theme (a discourse in children and young people's participation within healthcare settings), four sub-themes, 11 categories, 93 codes and 202 findings. It is evident within this review that there is a discourse between what expert opinion are stating is required to promote children and young people's participation in discussions and decision-making processes within healthcare settings and what is occurring in practice. Despite literature reporting on how children and young people's participation and voice were essential for healthcare provision, there was sparse literature published on children and young people's participation in discussions and decision-making processes in healthcare delivery in New Zealand.

Availability, Accessibility, Acceptability, and Quality of Interpreting Services to Refugee Women in New Zealand.

A significant number of people have been displaced from their country of origin and become refugees. Good health is essential for refugees to actively engage and take up opportunities within the society in their host countries. However, negotiating a new and unfamiliar health system hinders refugees' ability to access and make use of the available health services. Communication difficulties due to language barriers are the most commonly cited challenges faced by refugees in accessing and utilizing health services post-resettlement. In this study, we aimed to examine effectiveness of interpreting services for refugee women in New Zealand. Data were collected through three sources: focus groups with Bhutanese women, focus group with Bhutanese men, and individual interviews with health professionals. The findings of this study reveal inadequacies and constraints in the provision of a socioculturally and linguistically effective interpreting service to Bhutanese women and provide evidence for recommendations to address these inadequacies.

What makes community-based physical activity programs for culturally and linguistically diverse older adults effective? A systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: This integrative review aimed to determine the features of effective physical activity programs for culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) older adults. METHODS: We searched for relevant articles in MEDLINE, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and CINAHL. Articles were selected for evaluation if they included CALD older adults and implemented physical activity programs with culturally specific design features. Consistent with the Whittemore and Knafl integrative review methodology, we used the Downs and Black Checklist, Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and the McMaster University appraisal tool for quantitative studies to assess the quality of included articles. RESULTS: Seven articles were included in this review. Effective community-based exercise or physical activity programs for CALD populations commonly featured close-to-home delivery, native language instruction and adaptations of culturally familiar activities. CONCLUSION: The provision of culturally appropriate community-based physical activity programs appears to support and encourage engagement among CALD older adults.

Accessibility and acceptability of health promotion services in New Zealand for minority refugee women.

Refugees are forced to flee their native country to escape war or oppression. They are resilient and generally have a high level of motivation to rebuild their lives, as well as to make a meaningful contribution to the host country. However, refugees in general have complex health needs and they often face significant barriers in accessing health services in their host countries. Health promotion has been identified as an effective approach for increasing service utilization by minority populations such as refugees, and contributing to their overall positive health outcomes. This qualitative study examined the accessibility and acceptability of health promotion services for Bhutanese refugee women who resettled in New Zealand. The study consisted of two phases: focus group discussions with 32 Bhutanese women and eight Bhutanese men, followed by individual interviews with 12 health professionals including five nurses, four doctors and three midwives. The data were collected in two regional towns of New Zealand in 2014. The study's conceptual framework utilized the strategies and actions underpinning the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. Findings of this study revealed that Bhutanese women were missing some essential health promotion services, such as antenatal education sessions mainly due to language and cultural barriers. This study recommends to develop health promotion resources in the Nepali language; and to deliver the health promotion sessions by culturally and linguistically competent providers. This study also uncovered resiliency and strengths of Bhutanese women that could be recognized, strengthened and utilized in promoting their health and well-being.

Challenges and adjustments in maintaining health and well-being of older Asian immigrants in New Zealand: An integrative review.

OBJECTIVE: There is a paucity of health-related research on older Asian immigrants in New Zealand. The aim of this review was to critically examine literature on the health and well-being of this population group. METHODS: An integrative literature review was conducted from December 2017 to February 2018. Online databases searched were Scopus, MEDLINE, CINAHL and the Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre. RESULTS: Two themes were identified: Firstly, the "challenges stemming from an unfamiliar environment" faced by older Asian immigrants, and secondly, their "strategies for adjusting to a new home." These themes suggested how participation in community and leisure activities, as well as adapting their outlook on life, contributed to these older migrants' health and well-being within a New Zealand context. CONCLUSION: A multitude of challenges in maintaining health and well-being confronted these older Asian immigrants; nevertheless, they created strategies to respond and positively influence their health following later-life migration.

Effectiveness of Primary Health Care Services in Addressing Mental Health Needs of Minority Refugee Population in New Zealand.

Many people are displaced from their country of origin and become refugees, mostly due to armed conflicts, political violence and human rights abuse. Refugees have complex mental, physical, and social health problems related to their traumatic background and the experiences they have endured during their refugee journey. The aim of this qualitative exploratory study was to examine the effectiveness of primary health care services in addressing mental health needs of Bhutanese refugee women resettled in New Zealand. This study included focus group discussion with Bhutanese women and men followed by interviews with health service providers. The findings of this study highlighted inadequacies and constraints in addressing Bhutanese refugee women's mental health needs in New Zealand and provided evidence for recommendations to address these inadequacies.