Establishment of undergraduate rehabilitation specialty in Chinese universities: current status and existing problems / 中华医学教育探索杂志

With the increasing demand for rehabilitation medical care, medical education has taken on the important mission of cultivating high-quality rehabilitation talents for "Healthy China", and it is necessary to make attempts to explore the reform of rehabilitation majors in line with social needs and develop a professional layout that fits better with social needs. After more than 20 years of development, a certain scale has been formed for the establishment of rehabilitation majors, but the analysis of related data has revealed the problems such as mismatch of professional disciplines, mixed attributes of professional institutions, and unstable quality of talent training. Based on the setting of rehabilitation majors in the catalogues of undergraduate majors in colleges and universities adjusted and promulgated in 1998, 2012, and 2020 and the addition of majors in different types of colleges and universities in each catalogue, this article summarizes the rules, trends, and characteristics of the development of rehabilitation majors in higher education institutions in China and discusses the current status and existing problems of such majors, so as to provide a theoretical reference for the optimization and adjustment of rehabilitation majors in China.

Comparison between renal pelvic and ureteral tumors in muscle-invasive upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Although renal pelvic and ureteral urothelial carcinoma share similarities in their origins, disparities on a genetic and clinical level make them divergent entities. Clinical information from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to validate the characteristics and molecular subtypes using single-center data, which were compared between the two types of muscle-invasive tumors. Simultaneously, to expand the sample size for further verification, we explored a deep learning algorithm to correctly classify molecular subtypes from H&E histology slides. We suggested that the renal pelvic group might have a proclivity towards luminal and the ureter towards basal and P53-like. Furthermore, we explore the heterogeneity of matrix and immune tumor microenvironment, and the ureteral group had more immune cell infiltration and higher stiffness. Collectively, these results showed that muscle-invasive upper tract urothelial carcinoma exist in distinct properties of clinical characteristics, molecular subtype, and tumor microenvironment.

Advances in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for treatment of glaucomatous optic neuropathy / 中华实验眼科杂志

Glaucoma is a disorder that leads to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) apoptosis, visual field loss and optic nerve degeneration.The RGCs death is irreversible, which limites their ability for axon regeneration after injury.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have shown promise as cell-incorporation, cell-supplements and paracrine-mediated therapy for compromised neurons, which have allowed the possibility of the pluripotent BMSCs based regeneration of retinal cells and repair of neurodegenerative diseases.Intravitreal injection, subretinal injection and autologous BMSCs homing transplantation were explored as therapy for various retinal injury conditions.These BMSCs primarily have paracrine trophic effects and can also incorporate into the damaged retina directly, which have regenerative and protective effects on the reduce of RGCs apoptosis and retinal nerve fiber loss, and multiple cell signals and mechanisms are involved.This review provides an update of the current evidence of BMSCs as treatment and potential limitations, and complications for glaucomatous RGCs dysfunction.The researches including induced-differentiation, transplantation methods and the potential neuroprotective mechanism of BMSCs as therapy for glaucomatous retinal degeneration were discussed.

Expression of inducible costimulator and programmed cell death-1 receptor in skin lesions of bullous pemphigoid and their clinical significance / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To determine the expression of T follicular helper (Tfh) cell-related molecules inducible costimulator (ICOS) and programmed cell death-1 receptor (PD-1) in skin lesions of patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP), and to explore the role of Tfh cells in the pathogenesis of BP.Methods:Twenty-one paraffin-embedded tissue specimens were collected from 21 patients with confirmed BP in Dalian Dermatosis Hospital from 2014 to 2017, including 7 females and 14 males with an average age of 72.57 years. Ten normal skin tissue specimens served as control group. Immunohistochemical SP method was used to determine the expression of ICOS and PD-1 in BP skin lesions and normal skin tissues.Results:In BP lesions, ICOS and PD-1 were mainly expressed in the basal layer, spinous layer, granular layer and stratum corneum, especially in the spinous layer in the epidermis, and also expressed in inflammatory cells in the dermis. Additionally, they were both expressed in the cytoplasm and nuclei, occasionally expressed on the cell membrane. However, ICOS and PD-1 were rarely expressed in the normal skin tissues. The expression rates of ICOS and PD-1 were significantly higher in the BP group (85.71% [18/21], 47.62% [10/21], respectively) than in the normal control group (both were 0; P < 0.001, < 0.05, respectively) .Conclusion:Tfh cell-related molecules ICOS and PD-1 may play important roles in the pathogenesis of BP.

Influence of symbiotic bacteria from lettuce on inactivation of norovirus / 预防医学

Objective@#To demonstrate the effects of symbiotic bacteria from lettuce on inactivation of norovirus（NV）.@*Methods@#Symbiotic bacteria were isolated from the lettuces sampled from farmlands and supermarkets. NV mixed with symbiotic bacteria was set as the experimental group,without symbiotic bacteria as the control group. After the inactivation by high temperature,ultraviolet light（UV）and chlorine dioxide,the ratio of NV amount in the experimental group and the control group was calculated to evaluate the effects of symbiotic bacteria. The mechanism of symbiotic bacteria was revealed by detecting their effects on the protection of viral capsid protein from UV and on the adsorption of NV.@*Results@#Eleven symbiotic bacteria were identified from lettuces,all of which were bacilli,mainly Pseudomonas. Ten symbiotic bacteria could improve the heat-resistant ability of NV,with Microbacterium oryzae,Cupriavidus taiwanensis（SC061204）,Pseudomonas furukawaii,Enterobacter tabaci and Pseudomonas resinovorans（SC061211）more significant. Eleven symbiotic bacteria could improve anti-UV ability of NV,with Pseudomonas putida,Microbacterium oryzae and Enterobacter tabaci more significant. Only one strain of Pseudomonas putida could improve anti-chlorine dioxide ability of NV（Class I hazard）. Pseudomonas putida,Microbacterium oryzae and Enterobacter tabaci could significantly reduce the damage of NV capsid protein. Nine symbiotic bacteria could promote NV adsorption into lettuces,with the promotion rates ranged from 1.04% to 46.73%;while Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas resinovorans（SC061211） could restrain NV absorption,with the promotion rates of -6.50% and -19.85%.@*Conclusion@#Symbiotic bacteria from lettuce may enhance the anti-inactivation of NV by protecting capsid protein and promoting adsorption of NV. It is recommended to control the presence of symbiotic bacteria in the process of inactivating NV.

Establishment and application of a PCR detection method for Tupaia (tree shrew)paramyxovirus(TPMV) / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To establish and preliminarily apply an effective PCR assay for detection of Tupaia(tree shrew)paramyxovirus(TPMV). Methods Using TPMV genomic DNA from NCBI GenBank, bases 8231 to 8720 were synthesized and inserted into a plasmid as a positive standard. One primer pair was designed based on this sequence. In total,60 respiratory swabs and 12 lung tissues from the tree shrews were tested in this PCR assay. Results A PCR method for detection of TPMV was successfully established,with high specificity and sensitivity of 11.5 × 10 -5μg/mL. PCR result testing 60 respiratory swabs and 12 lung tissues were negative. Conclusions PCR for detecting TPMV has good specificity and high sensitivity and can be used for conventional tree shrew paramyxovirus detection.

The effects of environmental changes on E.faecalis growth and penetration into microtubes in a microfluid chip / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effects of different growth conditions on E.faecalis growth in the microfluid chip and the penetration of E.faecalis into microtubes.Methods:Four units on the chip were randomly selected as control,BHI,nutrient-Tdeprived (PBS) and pH 10 groups.The growth of E.faecalis was monitored by microscope for a period of 72 h after the suspension of E.faecalis had been added into the chip.Results:The microscopic analysis showed a distinct variation in the growth rate and morphological feature under different experimental conditions.he depth of bacterial penetration was significantly greater in BHI group.Conclusion:This study demonstrated that environmental changes can significantly influence the growth and penetration of E.faecalis into the micro tubes.

Isolation and identification of Japanese encephalitis virus in the experimental minipigs / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To understand the characteristics of minipigs infected withJapanese encephalitis virus(JEV).Methods After the brain tissues were treated, the pig brain tissue treatment solution was inoculated with BHK21 cells.Then, virus culture,indirect immunofluorescence assay, neutralization test, electron microscopic observation, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplification of the new isolate E segment and PrM segment nucleotide sequence were performed and the genotype was identified.Results BHK21 cells were inoculated into 25 pigbrain tissues.Among them, three tissue-treated fluid couldinduce shrinkage and aggregation of BHK21 cells, and immunofluorescence staining showed strong green fluorescence response.The results of neutralization test showed that the neutralization titer of these three new isolates was 1:64, and the size of the virus particles was about 40nm under the electron microscope.The homology of both RT-PCR product sequencing results and E-segment of vaccine strain were 95%.Three new isolates were type GIII JEV.Conclusion The results ofthisstudydemonstrate that there is G III type Japanese encephalitis virus infection in the minipig farm.

Exploring application of WeChat for gestational diabetes mellitus management / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To researching the effect of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prevention and control management by WeChat consultation on the Internet platform. Methods There were 586 pregnant women who performed prenatal care regularly and accepted glucose tolerance test for GDM at 24 to 28 weeks in our hospital during 2015 and 2016 as research objects. Determination of the observation group:in 2016, the 308 people who match the condition of the study during annual prenatal examination in line, in addition to routine guidance outside the clinic and joined the division to establish a dedicated WeChat group for a comprehensive health management consulting. Determination of the control group:in 2015, the 278 people who match the condition of the study during annual prenatal examination in line were treated as control groups. The two groups of observation indexes included the fasting blood glucose and two-hour postprandial blood glucose control in GDM pregnant women, the weight growth rate of the whole pregnancy, cesarean section rate, birth rate of newborns, neonatal referral rate and so on. Results The rate of fasting blood glucose and two-hour postprandial blood glucose control in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group (t=2.01-3.11, all P<0.05). According to the pre-pregnancy physical index, the weight growth of the observation group was significantly better than the control group (t=2.12-3.76, all P<0.05).The cesarean section rate, birth rate and neonatal referral rate were 21.10％(65/308), 4.87％(15/308), 7.14％(22/308)in the observation group , and 28.78％(80/278), 10.07％(28/278), 12.23％(34/278)in the control group, there were significant differences (U = 2.10-2.42, all P<0.05). Conclusions Gestational diabetes prevention and control management in the Internet platform for WeChat consultation application effect is remarkable, which can effectively improve the maternal and child outcomes. In the protection of maternal and child health is of great significance.

Evaluation of the detection proficiency of laboratories testing of mammalian orthoreovirus 3 antibody in laboratory mice / 中国实验动物学报

Objective Through the proficiency validation of testing of mammalian orthoreovirus 3 (Reo3)antibody in laboratory mice, to investigate the capacity of experimental animal quality control laboratories, so as to improve the de-tection capacity.Methods According to the program approved by CNAS, serum samples after calibration were tested for stability and homogeneity, and numbered randomly.The random samples were issued to the participant laboratories with the Standard Operation Procedure( SOP) .The participants must submit the test reports and original records in time.The feed-back results were judged by the concordance rate with the anticipated results.Results 27 laboratories from 17 provinces were enrolled in this evaluation project, all of them submitted detection results on time.Results All the 27 laboratories were marked as pass or excellent, with a pass rate of 100%.ELISA was used in 26 laboratories, and immunofluorescence assay was used in one laboratory.Conclusions The ability for detection of Reo3 antibody in laboratory mice in animal test laboratories is high.The implementation of proficiency testing can reflect the inspection level of quality control laborato-ries.