[The gender- and age-specific differences in the structure of the styloid processes of the temporal bone].

The objective of the present study was to elucidate the significance of the gender- and age-related alterations in the styloid processes of the temporal bone and their gender specific structural changes in the subjects aged above 35 years as the risk factors of the development of stylohyoid syndrome. A total of 72 styloid processes were harvested from the corpses during post-mortem autopsy. Their fixed preparations were used to determine by means of digital radiovisiography specific structural features of the bone tissue, the thickness of the cortical layer, diameter of osteons and Haversian canals, the number of osteons per unit area. The data obtained from the subjects below and above 35 years of age were compared. A distinctive morphological feature of styloid processes taken from adult people was the presence of residual embryonic cartilaginous tissue (in 40% of the observations) in which the processes of endo- and perihondral oteogenesis continued (15% of the cases). The elder subjects were characterized by the significantly decreased bone tissue density, reduced number of osteons and osteocytes whereas the diameters of Haversian canals increased. These changes were more pronounced in the women than in the men. It is concluded that the continued growth of styloid processes and the development of bone tissue osteopenia in the subjects older than 35 years may serve as the risk factors of stylohyoid syndrome.

[The evaluation of nasal obstruction during pregnancy and its influence on the quality of life of the women].

The objective of the present study was to identify peculiar features of nasal obstruction in the pregnant women and to evaluate parameters of the quality of life in the patients suffering from rhinitis in comparison with those having adequate nasal breathing. A total of 120 pregnant women were available for the examination The estimated variables included the quality of life, ciliary activity, results of rheoencehalography, and estradiol levels. The results of the study indicate that the quality of life in the pregnant women presenting with rhinitis and nasal obstruction depends on the estradiol level and changes in the rheoencephalograms. The severity of clinical symptoms of nasal obstruction increased in parallel to variations in the parameters of the mucociliary transport.

[Complex treatment of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Kompleksnoe lechenie destruktivnogo tuberkuleza legkikh.

Fifty-five patients with destructive pulmonary tuberculosis were examined. Of them 35 isolated drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Of the 35 patients, 12 were first diagnosed as having pulmonary tuberculosis and 23 had its chronic forms. Due to the complex inpatient treatment involving pneumoperitoneum, in patients with first diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis, bacterial isolation ceased and decay cavities closed in 100 and 87.5% of cases, respectively. In patients with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, bacterial isolation ceased in 10 of the 23 cases and fresh decay cavities closed in 7 patients. The results of the complex treatment for destructive tuberculosis with mycobacterial drug resistance may recommend this treatment modality since the latter is most effective.

[Atelectasis in the clinical picture of intrathoracic tuberculosis]. / Atelektaz legkogo v klinike vnutrigrudnogo tuberkuleza.

The authors examined 85 patients with intrathoracic tuberculosis in whom the tuberculous process had been complicated by tuberculosis of the bronchi with their developed obstruction and as a result of atelectasis. Then the atelectasis-affected area became fibrotic. It was found that with the developed atelectasis, there was a persistent cession of bacterial isolation occurred, closure of decay cavities in the lung tissue, resolution of fresh focal and infiltrative changes. The presence of scarring bronchial stenosis and fibrotic atelectasis suggests of a full clinical recovery from intrathoracic tuberculosis.

[The topographic anatomical basis for a cervical approach to the styloid process of the temporal bone in the surgical treatment of the styloid-hypoglossal syndrome]. / Topografoanatomicheskoe obosnovanie sheinogo dostupa k shilovidnomu otrostku visochnoi kosti pri khirurgicheskom lechenii shilopod''iazychnogo sindroma.

Surgical anatomy of the temporal bone styloid process has been studied on 20 cadavers of adults and the cervical operative approach for process resection has been anatomically explained. The approach provides the radical excision of the process without damaging the surrounding anatomical formations.

[Pulmonary tuberculosis: data of general somatic hospital]. / Tuberkulez legkikh po dannym obshchesomaticheskogo statsionara.

About 20% of phthisiatric patients are identified among pulmonological patients treated in general hospitals. These include not only the subjects having indications in the history, signs of prior tuberculosis and being at risk for the disease, but those with the first detected specific changes in the lung and unregistered in the dispensary, as well as its contingents (including patients with active and basilar pulmonary tuberculosis). In this connection, this emphasizes that the physicians of general somatic hospitals should be more phthisiologically alert by taking into account the poor tuberculosis situation in the country.

[Malignant neoplasms of lungs based on the data of a tuberculosis hospital]. / Zlokachestvennye novoobrazovaniia legkikh po dannym statsionara protivotuberkuleznogo dispansera.

The analysis of 61 erroneous admissions to a tuberculous hospital of cancer cases proves that tuberculous hospitals have to make annually a lot of differential diagnoses to distinguish cancer from tuberculosis. Lung cancer is registered more frequently in males aged from 50 to 70, smokers, with a history of bronchopulmonary inflammation. 36.07% of lung cancer patients had also various forms of intrathoracic tuberculosis. To confirm the diagnosis, invasive diagnostic techniques, primarily tracheobronchoscopy, should be employed as early as possible. When done outpatient, tracheobronchoscopy promotes earlier reference of patients to oncologist decreasing the number of improper hospitalizations to tuberculous hospitals.

[The role of microorganisms in the genus Staphylococcus in the origin and development of nasal furuncles]. / Rol' mikroorganizmov roda Staphylococcus v vozniknovenii i razvitii furunkula nosa.

It is shown that Staphylococcus aureus carriage in the nasal mucosa and nasal furuncle risk are related. The severity of nasal furunculosis depends much on the spectrum of biological and virulent characteristics of the microorganism. It is recommended to determine pathogenetic potential of the causing agent by comprehensive examination of its virulence.