Biomechanical Evaluation of Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion Combined with Different Internal Fixation Methods for Treating Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis:A Finite Element Analysis / 医用生物力学

Objective To verify the biomechanical stability of oblique lateral interbody fusion ( OLIF) combinedwith different fixation methods for treating degenerative lumbar scoliosis (DLS) by three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis. Methods The L1-S1 3D finite element DLS model ( Model 1) was established, and then the OLIF (L2-5) at 3 contiguous levels of fusion and its combination with different internal fixation methods were simulated, namely, stand-alone OLIF model ( Model 2), vertebral screw fixation model ( Model 3), unilateral pedicle screw fixation model (Model 4) and bilateral pedicle screw fixation model (Model 5) were established,respectively. Under upright, flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation states, range of motion (ROM) of fusion segments, as well as cage stress, internal fixation stress, and stress distribution were recorded and analyzed. Results Under six motion states, the overall ROM of fusion segments in Models 2-5 was smaller than that of Model 1. Compared with Model 1, the overall ROM reduction of Model 3 and Model 4 was larger than that of Model 2 and smaller than that of Model 5. Under flexion and extension, the overall ROM reduction of Model 4 and Model 5 was basically equal. Under left and right lateral bending, the overall ROM reduction of Model 3 and Model 5 was basically equal. Under all motion states, the peak stress of Model 3 and Model 4 fusion cage was larger than that of Model 5 and smaller than that of Model 2. The peak stresses of L2-3, L3-4 and L4-5 fusion cages in Model 3 increased by 5. 52% , 10. 96% and 7. 99% respectively compared with Model 5 under left lateral bending, and the peak stresses of L2-3, L3-4 and L4-5 fusion cages in Model 4 increased by 8. 70% , 7. 00% and 6. 99% respectively under flexion. Under all motion states, the peak stress of screw rod in Model 5 was smaller than that of Model 3 and Model 4, and the peak stresses of screw rod in Models 3-5 were the smallest in upright state. Conclusions The OLIF with unilateral pedicle screw fixation or vertebral screw fixation can provide favorable biomechanical stability of the fusion segment. The results provide some references for clinical application of OLIF technology in the treatment of DLS.

Anti-HCV detection based on laboratory quality index evaluation of blood station / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To evaluate the anti-HCV detection ability of our laboratory, and explore the factors that may affect anti-HCV detection, so as to provide data and basis for the evaluation of laboratory ability. 【Methods】 The number of initial reactive (IR) and repeated reactive(RR)samples and the reagent utilization rate in anti-HCV from 2019 to 2020 were compared with the national reagents of the same group. 【Results】 1)The average unqualified rate of anti-HCV detection was 0.25%, with the lowest rate at 0.19%, 33/17 774, and the highest rate at 0.37%, 44/11 940; 2)The retest rates of reagent 1 and reagent 2 were significantly different (P 0.05), while the RR/IR rates of reagent 1 and reagent 2 showed a slow upward trend; 4)The solo reagent unqualified rate of reagent 1 and reagent 2 showed statistically significant difference (P < 0.05); 5)The reagent utilization rate was basically the same as the national average level of reagents in the same group. 【Conclusion】 The anti-HCV detection indicators of our laboratory are relatively stable, but other factors such as personnel training, equipment performance and environment also have an impact on the detection ability of laboratories. Fine management of various element should be carried out, and external quality assessment reports of blood testing laboratory should be analyzed to further improve the anti-HCV detection ability of the laboratory.

Recent advance in relation between autophagy and Alzheimer's disease / 中华神经医学杂志

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized byβ-amyloid (Aβ) deposition and tauprotein hyperphosphorylation, whereas its pathogenesis has not been fully known so far. The metabolism of Aβand tau protein is critically affected by autophagy. In the early phase of AD, Aβand tau protein can induce themselves to be eliminated via mTOR-dependent and independent autophagy pathways. In addition, transcription factors EB and apolipoprotein E4 also regulate autophagy and thus participate in the metabolism of Aβand tau protein, affecting AD progression. This review summarized the roles of autophagy in the metabolism of Aβand tau protein and the autophagy regulators closely related to AD in the recent studies.

Recent advance in Alzheimer's disease induced by sleep disorders / 中华神经医学杂志

Sleep disorders commonly exist and are the earliest clinical symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD). At present, the molecular mechanism of AD caused by sleep disorders is not clear. Recent studies have found that sleep disorders can promote the accumulation of beta amyloid (Aβ) in the brain to form amyloid plaques with toxic effects. The increased Aβ inhibits the synaptic transmission pathway and induces abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein, which eventually leads to synaptic dysfunction. In addition, the inflammatory and stress response induced by Aβ are also associated with AD. Therefore, the improvement of sleep disorders may be a new pathway for the treatment of AD, in which light therapy is proved to be particularly effective. This article reviewes the latest progresses in the influences of sleep disorders in pathogenesis and treatment of AD in recent years.

Nitric oxide bioavailability dysfunction and atherosclerosis / 基础医学与临床

Endothelial dysfunction was closely related with AS , NO bioavailability ( production and utilization of endothelial NO ) was decreased by oxidative stress , lipid infiltration , inflammatory factor expression , vascular tone alteration and so on , which play an important role in endothelial dysfunction .Enhanced arginine , activityand asym-metric dimethylarginine together with increased hyperhomocysteinemia all promote AS by intervening NO bioavail -ability.Diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic kidney disease , smoking and so on also involved in AS via influencing NO bioavailability and NO level .

Sleep disturbance induced by cocaine abstinence involving in A2A receptor over-expression in rat hypothalamus / 生物医学工程学杂志

Adult rats were implanted with sleep-wake recording electrodes in our experiments. Polygraphic signs of undisturbed sleep-wake activities were recorded for 24 h before cocaine administration, cocaine withdrawal day 1 (acute), day 8 (subacute), and day 14 (subchronic). Western blot method was performed to examine the expression levels of adenosine receptor subtypes in hypothalamus and cerebellum. Non rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep was significantly increased during nighttime (P < 0.01) and daytime (P < 0.05) on withdrawal day 8. The increase of NREM sleep was significant during nighttime (P < 0.01) and slight during daytime on withdrawal day 14, whereas both daytime and nighttime rapid eye movement (REM) sleeps were reduced markedly (P < 0.01) on withdrawal day 8 and 14. In addition, A2A receptor level was significantly enhanced on cocaine withdrawal day 8 and day 14 (P < 0.05), whereas A1 receptor level reduced markedly on withdrawal day 14 (P < 0.05). However, compared with that in the control group, no significant changes existed among adenosine A1, A2A and A2B receptors in rat cerebellum on cocaine withdrawal day 1, day 8 and day 14. Our findings suggest that sleep disorder caused by subacute and subchronic cocaine abstinence may be associated with over-expression of adenosine A2A receptor in rat hypothalamus to some extent.

Actions of ginsenosides on sleep architecture and cortical electroencephalogram power spectrum in rats / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To study the effects of ginsenosides (GS) on spontaneous sleep architecture and Cortical EEG power spectrum. Methods 24 adult SD rats were randomly divided into the control, GS 10 and 100mg/kg groups ( n = 8). Rats were instrumented with sleep-wake recording electrodes. After recovery from surgical operation,rats were orally administered GS 10 and 100mg/kg or distilled water once per day for 6 days. On GS administration day 1 and 6,Polygraphic signs of undisturbed sleep-wake activities were recorded for 12 h after GS administration. Results On GS administration day 1 ,only 100mg/kg GS increased significantly total sleep and the non-rapid eye movement ( NREM ) sleep but decreased wakefulness [(9.40 ± 0.88 ) h, ( 8.00 ± 1. 21 ) h,(2.46 ±0.81)h s (7.55 ±1.59)h,(6.36±1.54)h,(4.38 ±1.62)h,(P＜0.01, P＜0.05, P＜0.01),respectively] ;Low and high dose GS enhanced δ-wave power of NREM sleep and wakefulness (P＜ 0.05 ) but reduced θ-wave power of wakefulness (P＜0.01) and-wave power during NREM, REM sleep and wakefulness (P ＜ 0.01 ),moreover,Low and high dose GS lowered θ-wave power of REM and NREM stage(P＜0.05 ) ,respectively. After 6days of GS administration, Low and high dose GS increased markedly total sleep(P＜0.05 ) and NREM sleep(P＜0.05 ) but decreased wakefulness (P ＜0.05 ) and sleep-wake cycles (P ＜ 0.05, P ＜ 0.01 ); moreover, Low and high dose GS enhanced δ-wave power during NREM sleep and wakefulness (P ＜ 0. 05 ) but reduced θ-wave power of wakefulness(P ＜ 0.05 ) and -wave power during NREM, NEM sleep and wakefulness (P ＜ 0. 05 ), 10mg/kg GS also lowered θ-wave power of NREM sleep (P＜0.01). Conclusion These results demonstrate that GS can regulate spontaneous sleep architecture in time dependent manner,as well as cortical EEG power spectrum in rats.

Shenfu injection prevents kidney from acute ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To further investigate preventive effects of Shenfu(SF) injection, a Chinese herb drug, on acute renal ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI). METHODS: After SF or normal saline was administered intravenously one time a day for four days, the renal ichemia-reperfusion(I-R) model was established by occlusion of right renal artery and vein for an hour and reperfusion for three hours after left nephroectomy. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in serum and renal tissue, and content of nitric oxide (NO),concentrations of Na + and Ca 2+ , numbers of WBC adhesion in renal tissue were detected and light and electronic microscopy were used for the detection of the renal histological changes. RESULTS: SF lowered significantly MDA content in either renal tissues or serum , concentration of Na +, the number of WBC adhesion, and scores of tubules in renal tissue after renal I-R, and the SOD activity in renal tissues and serum and NO content in renal tissue were obviously increased by SF.In addition,renal histomorphological damage in either light or electronic microscope were lightened by SF. But Ca 2+ concentration in renal tissue appeared to be only mildly affected. CONCLUSION: The mechanisms that SF protects renal structure and function against acute renal IRI may be involved in increasing SOD activity,scavenging directly oxygen free redicals(OFR),raising NO content,inhibiting WBC adhesion and recruiment,preventing Na + influx to form Na + overload.