Luna stain: a simple and cost-effective diagnostic tool helps in detecting eosinophilic granules deposition of flame figures and aids in diagnosing eosinophilic cellulitis "Wells Syndrome".

We report a rare case of Wells syndrome in which a 61-year-old Caucasian male presented with three distinct skin lesions including a cutaneous bulla, an erythematous plaque, and a linear streak located on the patient's left anterior thigh, left dorsal wrist, and left anterior forearm, respectively. Histologic examination revealed diffuse and interstitial eosinophilic infiltrate admixed with lymphocytes and macrophages that predominantly involve the dermis. Nodular aggregates of eosinophils surrounding dermal collagen fibers suggestive of 'flame figures' were identified. Luna histochemical stain was used and highlighted the deposition of eosinophilic granules over the collagen bundles confirming the presence of flame figures. Laboratory workup revealed peripheral eosinophilia, but a comprehensive clinical evaluation failed to reveal a systemic disease and ultimately the diagnosis of eosinophilic cellulitis 'Wells Syndrome' was rendered. After a short course of immunosuppressive therapy, the patient experienced a complete resolution of the skin lesions on his last follow-up visit several weeks from the initial diagnosis. This case highlights the various clinical forms that Wells syndrome may present with and may serve as a good example for the use of Luna stain as a simple and cost-effective diagnostic tool that can help to arrive at the accurate diagnosis and inform therapy.

Condyloma Acuminata Presenting as Isolated Papillary Lesions in the Prostatic Urethra.

BACKGROUND A condyloma acuminatum is a sexually transmitted, human papillomavirus (HPV) associated, neoplasm. In men, it is predominantly found on external genitalia and rarely progresses more proximally than the distal penile urethra. Condyloma acuminata of the prostatic urethra are rare and are usually seen as an extension of, or in association with external lesions. Therefore, it is not typically considered in the differential diagnosis of isolated papillary lesions limited to the prostatic urethra. CASE REPORT A 62-year-old male with rheumatoid arthritis treated with abatacept presented to urology due to a history of intermittent bladder self-catheterization for urinary obstruction. He underwent a transurethral resection of the prostate and had incidental findings of papillary lesions restricted to the prostatic urethra that were presumed to be urothelial carcinoma. Microscopic examination established the diagnosis of condyloma acuminata, and low-risk HPV 6 and 11 were detected by in-situ hybridization. Subsequent cystoscopy showed marked growth and extension of condyloma acuminata to near the external meatus. After multiple treatments with intraurethral 5-fluorouracil, several small lesions remained in the bulbous urethra. With follow up for 2 years since diagnosis, the patient has not developed external condylomata. CONCLUSIONS A condyloma acuminatum might present as an isolated papillary growth in the prostatic urethra without clinical or historical evidence of a visible lesion on external genitalia. Immunosuppression and/or urethral instrumentation might be a risk factor for such a presentation. Urologists and pathologists should be aware of this rare possibility in order to avoid misdiagnosis, and ensure that the patient receives appropriate therapy.

Peritoneal lavage using chlorhexidine gluconate at the end of colon surgery reduces postoperative intra-abdominal infection in mice.

BACKGROUND: The use of peritoneal lavage with antiseptic solutions after bowel surgery remains controversial. This study compared peritoneal lavage using chlorhexidine gluconate at low concentrations and normal saline in mice with cecal ligation and perforation. METHODS: A total of 180 mice were randomized to six groups. Groups A, B, and C received one-time intraperitoneal injections of normal saline, chlorhexidine gluconate 0.05%, and chlorhexidine gluconate 0.025%, respectively. Groups D, E, and F were all subject to cecal ligation and perforation, then underwent partial cecectomy and peritoneal lavage with normal saline only, chlorhexidine gluconate 0.05% followed by normal saline, and chlorhexidine gluconate 0.025% followed by normal saline, respectively. Animals were followed postoperatively then sacrificed and examined at necropsy for occurrence of intra-abdominal abscesses, adhesions, or other pathology. RESULTS: A total of 48 mice (26.7%) developed postoperative intra-abdominal abscesses. Group E mice that had chlorhexidine gluconate 0.05% lavage had significantly lower incidence of postoperative intra-abdominal abscesses compared with that of group D mice that had saline lavage only (P = 0.0113). There was no significant difference in occurrence of macroscopic adhesions among mice groups that had or did not have surgery. (P = 1 and P = 0.3728). Microscopic peritoneal fibrosis occurred significantly more among group E mice that had chlorhexidine gluconate 0.05% lavage compared with group D mice that had saline lavage only (P = <0.005). There was no significant difference in postoperative mortality between surgical groups (P = 0.8714). CONCLUSIONS: Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.05% peritoneal lavage after partial colectomy (cecectomy) in mice reduces postoperative intra-abdominal infection without significant macroscopic adhesion formation.