The effects of gastrodin on TLR4 expression in microglia induced by ischemia and hypoxia / 神经解剖学杂志

Objective:To determine the effect of gastrodin(GAS)on toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)expression in mi-croglia after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.Methods:Hypoxia-ischemic brain damage(HIBD)model was established in neonatal rat in vivo.Thirty 3 d SD rats of were randomly divided into there groups:Sham group,HIBD model group,HIBD model+gastrodin intervention group(HIBD+G).Oxygen glucose deprivation(OGD)model was established in BV2 cells in vitro,Control group(Control),oxygen glucose deprivation group(OGD),OGD+gastrodin intervention group(OGD+G)were randomly set in vitro.Both Western Blot and immunofluorescence staining techniques were used to detect the expression of TLR4 in cells of each group in vitro and in the left corpus callosum region in vivo.Results:The expression of TLR4 was significantly increased in OGD-induced microglia.After gastrodin intervention,TLR4 expression was decreased significantly(P＜0.05).Conclusion:GAS can inhibit the expression of TLR4 in activated microglia and thus play a neuroprotective role in HIBD.

Empirical Study on the Relationship Between Health Investment and Economic Growth in China Using Threshold Effect Model and Instrumental Variable Method / 医药导报

Objective To study the relationship between health investment and economic growth in China.Methods An empirical study was conducted using threshold effect models and instrumental variable methods.Results Human capital investment in health sector can promote economic growth more than physical capital investment.Conclusion More human capital investment,such as the number of health personnel,should be added in the future health investment,and physical capital investment,such as the number of beds,should be controlled.The eastern region should increase health investment related to the elderly,which is more conducive to regional economic growth,while the central region should also increase health investment in physical capital such as the number of beds,while the western region should increase health investment in both aspects,which is more conducive to economic growth,because the economic development is relatively slow.

Guidelines for prenatal calories and 3 nutrients allocations in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus:a systematic review / 中华护理杂志

Objective To systematically evaluate relevant guidelines on calories and 3 nutrients allocations during pregnancy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus,and to compare the similarities and differences in recommendations between these guidelines.Methods Domestic and foreign guideline networks,websites of specialist associations related to diabetes,obstetrics and gynecology,as well as databases,were systematically searched from January 2010 to June 2022.There were 2 appraisers who used the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research &Evaluation Ⅱ to evaluate the quality of guidelines and then used the content analysis method to synthesize the recommendations of each guideline and compare similarities and differences.Results This study included 18 guidelines with fair overall quality(10 with grade A,2 with grade B and 6 with grade C).The guidelines provided recommendations in 5 aspects of meal allocation,calories,carbohydrates,proteins,and fats,totaling 57 recommendations.While the recommendations for meal allocation were consistent across guidelines,there were significant differences in the recommendations for calories and the 3 major nutrients.Conclusion The recommendations regarding the distribution of calories and the 3 major nutrients mostly rely on expert consensuses,with low-quality evidence but mostly strong recommendations.These guidelines exhibit significant variations from one to another.Consequently,future studies with higher quality on the distribution of calories and 3 nutrients should be conducted,and high-quality evidence-based nutrition guidelines for gestational diabetes should be developed in China.

Outcomes and safety of phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation plus goniosynechialysis and goniotomy for advanced primary angle-closure glaucoma / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of phacoemulsification cataract extraction combined with intraocular lens implantation (PEI) plus goniosynechilysis (GSL) and goniotomy (GT) for advanced primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG).Methods:An observational case series study was performed.Fifty eyes of 50 patients with advanced PACG were enrolled in Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center from August 2020 to June 2021.All the patients received PEI+ GSL+ GT and were followed up for over 6 months, with a mean follow-up of 7.5 (6, 10) months.Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured with a Goldmann applanation tonometer.Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was examined with an ETDRS chart and converted to logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) units for analysis.Types and number of anti-glaucoma medications applied before and after surgery, and the surgical complications were collected.Success rate of surgery was calculated.Complete surgical success was defined as an IOP of 5-18 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) with a reduction of 20% from baseline without anti-glaucoma medication, no vision-threatening complications, no loss of light perception, and no reoperation.Qualified success was defined as an IOP of 5-18 mmHg with a reduction of 20% from baseline with or without anti-glaucoma medication, no vision-threatening complications, no loss of light perception, and no reoperation.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.This research protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center (No.2021KYPJ177). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject before entering the cohort.Results:The mean preoperative IOP was (28.81±7.81)mmHg, and the IOP at the end of follow-up was (13.41±4.10)mmHg, showing a statistically significant decrease ( t=12.260, P<0.001). The postoperative IOP was decreased by 13.80 (9.10, 19.40)mmHg, with a percentage decrease of 51.1% (38.6%, 67.1%). The mean preoperative and postoperative BCVA was (0.92±0.11) LogMAR and (0.88±0.10) LogMAR, respectively, and no significant difference was found ( t=-0.560, P=0.580). The number of anti-glaucoma medications was reduced from 2 (1, 3) before operation to 0 (0, 0) after operation.The complete success rate of surgery was 80% (40/50), and the qualified success rate was 94% (47/50). Surgical complications mainly included hyphema in 7 eyes, IOP spike in 7 eyes, and corneal edema in 3 eyes.No vision-threatening complication occurred. Conclusions:PEI+ GSL+ GT is preliminarily effective and safe for advanced PACG by reducing IOP and application of anti-glaucoma medications with few complications.

In vitro rapid inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by visible light photocatalysis using boron-doped bismuth oxybromide

Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and on surfaces is critical to prevent the fecal-oral and fomite transmission, respectively. We hypothesized that visible light active photocatalysts could dramatically enhance the rate or extent of virus inactivation and enable the use of visible light rather than shorter wavelength ultraviolet light. A novel visible light active photocatalyst, boron-doped bismuth oxybromide (B-BiOBr), was synthesized and tested for its SARS-CoV-2 inactivation towards Vero E6 cell lines in dark and under irradiation at 426 nm by a light emitting diode (LED) in water. SARS-CoV-2 inactivation in the presence of B-BiOBr (0.8 g/L) under LED irradiation reached 5.32-log in 5 min, which was 400 to 10,000 times higher than those achieved with conventional photocatalysts of tungsten or titanium oxide nanomaterials, respectively. Even without LED irradiation, B-BiOBr inactivated 3.32-log of SARS-CoV-2 in the dark due to the ability of bismuth ions interfering with the SARS-CoV-2 helicase function. LED irradiation at 426 nm alone, without the photocatalyst, contributed to 10% of the observed inactivation and was attributed to production of reactive oxygen species due to blue-light photoexcitation of molecules in the culture media, which opens further modes of action to engineer disinfection strategies. The visible light active B-BiOBr photocatalyst, with its rapid SARS-CoV-2 inactivation in the presence and absence of light, holds tremendous opportunities to build a healthy environment by preventing the fecal-oral and fomite transmission of emerging pathogens.

Toll-like Receptor 4 Deficiency Aggravates Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Inflammation by Impairing Neutrophil Apoptosis in a Toluene Diisocyanate-Induced Murine Asthma Model

Purpose@#Accumulating evidence has suggested that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is critically involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TLR4 in toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced allergic airway inflammation. @*Methods@#TLR4−/− and wild-type (WT) C57BL/10J mice were sensitized and challenged with TDI to generate a TDI-induced asthma model. B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) inhibitors, ABT-199 (4 mg/kg) and ABT-737 (4 mg/kg), were intranasally given to TDI-exposed TLR4−/− mice after each challenge. @*Results@#TDI exposure led to increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), granulocyte flux, bronchial epithelial shedding and extensive submucosal collagen deposition, which were unexpectedly aggravated by TLR4 deficiency. Following TDI challenge, TLR4−/− mice exhibited down-regulated interleukin-17A and increased colony-stimulating factor 3 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), while WT mice did not. In addition, TLR4 deficiency robustly suppressed the expression of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 and NLR family CARD domain containing 4, decreased caspase-1 activity in TDI-exposed mice, but had no effect on the level of high mobility group box 1 in BALF. Flow cytometry revealed that TDI hampered both neutrophil and eosinophil apoptosis, of which neutrophil apoptosis was further inhibited in TDI-exposed TLR4−/− mice, with marked up-regulation of Bcl-2. Moreover, inhibition of Bcl-2 with either ABT-199 or ABT-737 significantly alleviated neutrophil recruitment by promoting apoptosis. @*Conclusions@#These data indicated that TLR4 deficiency promoted neutrophil infiltration by impairing its apoptosis via up-regulation of Bcl-2, thereby resulting in deteriorated AHR and airway inflammation, which suggests that TLR4 could be a negative regulator of TDI-induced neutrophilic inflammation.

Toll-like Receptor 4 Deficiency Aggravates Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Inflammation by Impairing Neutrophil Apoptosis in a Toluene Diisocyanate-Induced Murine Asthma Model

Purpose@#Accumulating evidence has suggested that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is critically involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TLR4 in toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced allergic airway inflammation. @*Methods@#TLR4−/− and wild-type (WT) C57BL/10J mice were sensitized and challenged with TDI to generate a TDI-induced asthma model. B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) inhibitors, ABT-199 (4 mg/kg) and ABT-737 (4 mg/kg), were intranasally given to TDI-exposed TLR4−/− mice after each challenge. @*Results@#TDI exposure led to increased airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), granulocyte flux, bronchial epithelial shedding and extensive submucosal collagen deposition, which were unexpectedly aggravated by TLR4 deficiency. Following TDI challenge, TLR4−/− mice exhibited down-regulated interleukin-17A and increased colony-stimulating factor 3 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), while WT mice did not. In addition, TLR4 deficiency robustly suppressed the expression of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 and NLR family CARD domain containing 4, decreased caspase-1 activity in TDI-exposed mice, but had no effect on the level of high mobility group box 1 in BALF. Flow cytometry revealed that TDI hampered both neutrophil and eosinophil apoptosis, of which neutrophil apoptosis was further inhibited in TDI-exposed TLR4−/− mice, with marked up-regulation of Bcl-2. Moreover, inhibition of Bcl-2 with either ABT-199 or ABT-737 significantly alleviated neutrophil recruitment by promoting apoptosis. @*Conclusions@#These data indicated that TLR4 deficiency promoted neutrophil infiltration by impairing its apoptosis via up-regulation of Bcl-2, thereby resulting in deteriorated AHR and airway inflammation, which suggests that TLR4 could be a negative regulator of TDI-induced neutrophilic inflammation.

Effect of Silencing DNMT1 gene on histone methylation modulation, cell proliferation and apoptosis in Molt-4 cell line / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of small in-terfering RNA(siRNA) targeting DNMT1 gene on cell proliferation, apoptosis and histone modulation in acute lymphoid leukemia cell line, Molt-4. Methods The small interfering RNA targeting DNMT1 gene was transfected into Molt-4 cells by LipofectamineTM 2000. The DNMT1 mRNA and protein level were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Cell proliferation was de-termined by MTT. Cell apoptosis was measured by Flow Cytometry. The expression of Bcl-2, procaspase-3, P15, histone methylation and histone acetylation was detected by Western blot. Results DNMT1 was suppressed by siRNA targeting DNMT1 in a concentra-tion-dependent manner. DNMT1 siRNA suppressed cells proliferation and induced apoptosis in Molt-4 cells. Apoptotic rate was (4. 27 ± 1. 42)% , (15. 25 ± 1. 54)% , (35. 63 ± 2. 54)% , (66. 27 ± 3. 02)%after transfecting with DNMT1 siRNA at 0, 30, 60, 120 nmol·L - 1 for 24 hours, P < 0. 05. The expres-sion of Bcl-2, procaspase-3 was suppressed and P15 was promoted after transfecting of DNMT1 siRNA. DN-MT1 siRNA downregulated histone methylated H3K9 and upregulated histone methylated H3K4. The altera-tion of histone acetylation of H3 was not seen. Conclu-sion DNMT1 siRNA suppresses DNMT1 efficiently in Molt-4 cells. The depletion of DNMT1 downregulates histone methylation of H3K9, and upregulates histone methylation of H3K4. It inhibits cell growth and in-duces cell apoptosis in Molt-4 cell line.

The comparison of reticulocyte parameters on the XN-1000 and LH780 hematology analyzer / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To analyze the comparability and correlation of reticulocyte parameters on the Beckman‐Coulter LH780 (LH780)and Sysmex XN‐1000(XN‐1000)hematology analyzers .Methods 80 blood samples were measured by the two instru‐ments ,the RBC count ,percentage of Ret(Ret% ) ,Ret value(Ret#)and immature reticulocyte fraction(IRF) were analyzed ,and the correlation of Ret% ,Ret# and IRF between two instruments were also analysed .The correlation between percentage of high laser reticulocyte(HLR% ) of LH780 and percentage of middle fluorescent reticulogyte(MFR% )+percentage of high fluorescent reticu‐locyte(HFR% ) of XN‐1000 were compared using two calculation methods of each instrument ,and the application value of HLR%were analysed .Results No significant differences were founded in RBC count ,Ret% ,and Ret# between the two instruments(P>0 .05) ,while there was statistical difference in IRF between the the two instruments (P<0 .05) .The relative deviation coincidence rate of RBC count was 97 .5% ,the correlation coefficent (r) of Ret% ,Ret# and IRF were 0 .912 ,0 .895 and 0 .666 respectively . There were statistical differences and correlations between HLR% and MFR% + HFR% when using calculation method of XN‐1000 and LH780 respectively(r were 0 .666 and 0 .767 respectively ,P<0 .05) .Conclusion The RBC count could meet the matc‐hing requirement ,and the Ret% and Ret # may be highly correlated on the two instruments .While the reference range of IRF should be established in each instrument .

Comparison of different hematology analyzers according to WS/T 406 standard / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To understand the result coincidence of 4 hematology analyzers (LH780 ,LH750 ,XN-1000 ,and XS-1000i) .Methods 20 samples of routine blood test were selected and detected by different hematology analyzers whose within-run precision and between-run precision all met the requirements of WS/T 406 standard .LH750 was chose to be the reference instru-ment ,and its detection results were standard values .The relative deviations and coincidence rates of WBC ,RBC ,Hb ,HCT , PLT ,MCV ,MCH and MCHC of the other 3 hematology analyzers were calculated .The WBC and PLT coincidence results of 82 cases of low-WBC samples ,86 cases of low-PLT samples ,and 35 cases of platelet aggregation samples were investigated .Results The coincidence rates of all items were more than 90% between LH780 and LH750 .For XN-1000/XS-1000i ,the coincidence rate was 80% in HCT ,and which were less than 80% in MCV and MCHC ,and more than 85% in other items .After readjusting the calibration factors of HCT of XN-1000 and XS-1000i ,the coincidence rates of HCT ,MCV and MCHC were all increased to more than 85% .The coincidence rates of WBC and PLT were less than 70% in low-WBC samples (WBC<1 .0 × 109/L) and low-PLT samples (PLT<30 × 109/L) .The results of WBC and PLT could not reach the relative deviation standards in 35 platelet aggrega-tion samples .Conclusion The comparative tests should be carried out among different hematology analyzers in one laboratory .