Whole-Body Cryostimulation as an Effective Method of Reducing Oxidative Stress in Healthy Men.

BACKGROUND: Whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) is the therapeutic exposure of the total human body (without underwear) to a very low temperature (below -100°C) for 120-180 s. Currently, WBC is used more frequently not only in the treatment of patients suffering from various diseases, but also by healthy people as a wellness method. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this research is to evaluate the impact of WBC procedures on oxidative stress parameters in healthy men. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study involved 32 healthy male subjects who were randomly divided into 2 groups: 16 men exposed to WBC procedures with subsequent kinesiotherapy (WBC group) and 16 men exposed only to kinesiotherapy procedures (KT group). Depending on the group, the subjects were exposed to 10 daily WBC procedures lasting 3 min, with a subsequent 60-min of kinesiotherapy, or exclusively to kinesiotherapy. In subjects from both groups, a day before the beginning of a cycle of treatment and a day after its completion, the level of selected indicators of oxidative stress and non-enzymatic antioxidants, as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes in serum, plasma and erythrocyte lysates were determined. RESULTS: In the WBC group subjects, we recorded a statistically significant decrease in the concentrations of most of the parameters of oxidative stress with an accompanying increase in plasma concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants (total antioxidant status and uric acid). We recorded no significant changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (plasma total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and its isoenzymes SOD-Mn and SOD-ZnCu, erythrocyte catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase). CONCLUSIONS: The results we obtained confirmed that WBC decreases oxidative stress in healthy men.

Effect of low frequency pulsed magnetic field on gravitropic response and cell elongation in coleoptiles of maize seedlings.

The effect of pulsed magnetic field (PMF) on gravitropic response, endogenous growth and growth in the presence of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was studied in coleoptiles of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings. Medium pH changes, measured simultaneously with growth of coleoptile segments, were also determined. In seedlings grown in the presence of PMF, elongation growth of coleoptiles was inhibited by 16%, while growth of roots and mesocotyls did not depend on PMF. Magnetic field also inhibited (by 36%) the gravitropic response of maize seedlings. However, when PMF was applied only during gravistimulation (within 6 h), it suppressed the gravitropic reaction only by 8% at 6 h. It was also found that endogenous growth and IAA-induced growth of maize coleoptile segments excised from seedlings treated with the PMF was stimulated by 52% and 30%, respectively, as compared to control (segments untreated with the PMF). Values of medium pH, measured simultaneously with growth, indicated that PMF-treated coleoptile segments extruded much more protons than untreated segments. In contrast, coleoptile segments treated with the PMF and subsequently incubated in the presence of IAA extruded 2.5-fold less protons as compared to segments treated with IAA only. The data presented here have been discussed with consideration of mechanisms by which auxin (IAA) regulates plant cell growth.

Proposal of thermal imaging application in photodynamic therapy-Preliminary report.

There are many different skin lesions that manifest a skin temperature gradient. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequently occurring type of malignant skin lesion (almost 95% of all skin tumors). BCC is sometimes treated by using photodynamic therapy which is very well tolerated by patients and provides good results, especially in superficial skin layer lesions. The results of our studies showed significant changes in the area of temperature gradient due to photodynamic therapy. It seems that the ability to acquire knowledge of such area changes may provide additional useful information to physicians. The increase of observed isotherm area in comparison to lesion size on the skin was a few times higher. It may suggest the range of areas where the metabolism processes take place. Due to the accumulation of photosensitivity only in tumor cells, we theorize that such a large region of increased metabolism observed during therapy may be connected with a larger range of tumor cells than was previously predicted through diagnosis. However, it should be noted that the region can be much bigger due to the existing heat transfer. The results obtained have a potential meaning in describing the range of chemical and physiological processes occurring during photodynamic therapy.

The effect of chronic estrogen application on bile and gallstone composition in women with cholelithiasis.

BACKGROUND: Chronic application of third generation progestagens as contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy (HRT) could influence the serum lipid profile, and consequently the bile and gallstone composition. The aim of this study was to determine components of serum, bile and gallstones in women of reproductive age or postmenopausal women using hormonal third generation for at least two years. METHODS: We enrolled 101 Caucasian women with cholelithiasis. The study included 45 women of reproductive age and 56 postmenopausal women who were divided into subgroups receiving or not exogenous female hormones. In patients we determined serum levels of 17ß-estradiol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL cholesterol as well as composition of gallstones and bile. RESULTS: The postmenopausal women showed a significant reduction in the concentration of bile acids in serum while the application of HRT caused an increase in their contents. Serum total and LDL cholesterol in postmenopausal women was higher than in women without hormonal contraception and postmenopausal patients with HRT. Moreover, women taking the exogenous hormones showed a reduced content of calcium ions in both serum, bile and gallstones. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations confirm that the chronic use of oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy cause an increase in bile lithogenity.

Electromagnetic fields in medicine - The state of art.

INTRODUCTION: Intense development of methods belonging to physical medicine has been noted recently. There are treatment methods, which in many cases lead to reduction treatment time and positively influence on quality of life treatment patients. RESEARCH IMPLICATIONS: The present physical medicine systematically extends their therapeutic possibilities. This above applies to illnesses and injuries of locomotor system, diseases affecting of soft tissues, as well as chronic wounds. THE AIM OF THE STUDY: The evidence on this are the results of basic and clinical examinations relating the practical use of electromagnetic fields in medicine. ORIGINALITY: In this work the authors introduced the procedure using the current knowledge relating to physical characteristic and biological effects of the magnetic fields. In the work the following methods were used: static magnetic fields, spatial magnetic fields, the variable magnetic fields both with laser therapy (magnetolaserotherapy) and variable magnetic fields both with light optical non-laser (magnetoledtherapy) talked.

Can Whole-Body Cryotherapy with Subsequent Kinesiotherapy Procedures in Closed Type Cryogenic Chamber Improve BASDAI, BASFI, and Some Spine Mobility Parameters and Decrease Pain Intensity in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis?

The present study investigated whether whole-body cryotherapy (WBC) procedures could potentially have more beneficial effects on index of BASDAI and BASFI, pain intensity, and spine mobility parameters: Ott test, modified Schober test, chest expansion in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients, than kinesiotherapy procedures used separately. AS patients were exposed to a cycle of WBC procedures lasting 3 minutes a day, with a subsequent 60 minutes of kinesiotherapy or 60 minutes of kinesiotherapy only, for 10 consecutive days excluding weekend. After the completion of the cycle of WBC procedures with subsequent kinesiotherapy in the AS patients, BASDAI index decreased about 40% in comparison with the input value, whereas in the group of patients who received only kinesiotherapy it decreased only about 15% in comparison with the input value. After the completion of the treatment in the WBC group, BASFI index decreased about 30% in comparison with the input value, whereas in the kinesiotherapy group it only decreased about 16% in comparison with the input value. The important conclusion was that, in WBC group with subsequent kinesiotherapy, we observed on average about twice better results than in the group treated only by kinesiotherapy.

Trace elements in the wall of abdominal aortic aneurysms with and without coexisting iliac artery aneurysms.

Iliac artery aneurysms (IAA) and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) frequently coexist. It remains unknown whether the content of trace elements in AAA walls depends on the coexistence of IAAs. The aim of this study was to compare the content of selected trace elements in AAA walls depending on the coexistence of IAAs. The content of trace elements was assessed in samples of AAA walls harvested intraoperatively in 19 consecutive patients. In the studied group, coexisting IAAs were diagnosed in 11 out of the 19 patients with AAA. The coexistence of IAAs was associated with a slightly lower content of nickel (0.28 (0.15-0.40) vs. 0.32 (0-0.85) mg/g; p = 0.09) and a significantly higher content of cadmium (0.71 (0.26-1.17) vs. 0.25 (0.20-0.31) mg/g; p = 0.04) in AAA walls. The levels of the remaining studied elements, copper, zinc, manganese, magnesium and calcium, were comparable. The elevated levels of cadmium in the walls of AAA coexisting with IAAs may suggest an impact of the accumulation of this trace element on the greater damage of the iliac artery wall.

The influence of electromagnetic radiation generated by a mobile phone on the skeletal system of rats.

The study was focused on the influence of electromagnetic field generated by mobile phone on the skeletal system of rats, assessed by measuring the macrometric parameters of bones, mechanical properties of long bones, calcium and phosphorus content in bones, and the concentration of osteogenesis (osteocalcin) and bone resorption (NTX, pyridinoline) markers in blood serum. The study was carried out on male rats divided into two groups: experimental group subjected to 28-day cycle of exposures in electromagnetic field of 900 MHz frequency generated by mobile phone and a control, sham-exposed one. The mobile phone-generated electromagnetic field did not influence the macrometric parameters of long bones and L4 vertebra, it altered mechanical properties of bones (stress and energy at maximum bending force, stress at fracture), it decreased the content of calcium in long bones and L4 vertebra, and it altered the concentration of osteogenesis and bone resorption markers in rats. On the basis of obtained results, it was concluded that electromagnetic field generated by 900 MHz mobile phone does not have a direct impact on macrometric parameters of bones; however, it alters the processes of bone mineralization and the intensity of bone turnover processes and thus influences the mechanical strength of bones.

ALA-mediated photodynamic effect on apoptosis induction and secretion of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and of monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1) by colon cancer cells in normoxia and in hypoxia-like conditions in vitro.

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) reveals immune modulatory effect. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) mediated photodynamic effect on secretory activity (MIF, MCP-1) of colon cancer cells in vitro both in normoxia and in hypoxia-like conditions. METHODS: Two colon cancer cell lines differing in malignancy potential: SW480 (lower grade) and SW620 (higher grade) were used. MCP-1 and MIF concentrations in supernatants of cells cultures after pretreatment with ALA at concentrations of 500, 1000 and 1500µM and irradiation with incoherent light (λ=600-720nm) at fluences of 10, 30 and 60J/cm(2), using Bio-Plex ProTM Assay kit and Bio-Plex Suspension Array System apparatus, were measured. RESULTS: The SW620 cells were more susceptible to ALA-mediated phototoxic effect than SW480 one, however this effect may be partly abolished in hypoxia-like condition. In the case of SW480 cell line, no influence of hypoxia-like conditions on cell susceptibility to ALA-mediated photodynamic effect was found. The MIF concentration increased, contrary to MCP-1 one which decreased after ALA-mediated photodynamic action in both cell lines. No difference between cytokines concentration in supernatant from cells cultures in normoxia or hypoxia-like conditions was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Detected reduction in MCP-1 secretion appears to be advantage because of tumor's growth limiting but an increase in the secretion of MIF, which is responsible for stimulation of tumor cells proliferation, is an unfavorable effect. These results may be explained by the fact that the used cancer cell lines differ from each other in cancer stage.

The influence of low-frequency variable magnetic fields in reducing pain experience after dental implant treatment.

UNLABELLED: The paper presents the evaluation of analgesic effect or magnetostimulation and magnetoledtherapy after implantation treatment. The study was conducted on 3 groups (Z applicator, IR applicator and conventional drug therapy) of 10 patients each of whom underwent a single implantation. Magnetostimulation was carried out using Viofor JPS Delux equipment. The patients were exposed to magnetic field for approx. 15 minutes before the treatment and during the visit after 6 hours after the implantation procedure. Pain perception of patients was recorded on the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). RESULTS: the most intense pain was reported in the control group. The least intense pain appeared in the group with Z applicator. Patients using Z and IR applicators took analgesics less frequently and used much weaker analgesics than the control group. Pain perceived in the first group was between 0 and 2, while in the second group - between 2 and 3, and in the control group - between 3 and 5 in VAS scale. Magnetostimulation reduces patient's demand for analgesics after implantation procedures and yielded better effects in reduction of pain in comparison with magnetostimulation with LED therapy.

The role of fluorescence diagnosis in clinical practice.

Fluorescence diagnosis is a fast, easy, noninvasive, selective, and sensitive diagnostic tool for estimation of treatment results in oncology. In clinical practice the use of photodynamic diagnosis is focused on five targets: detection for prevention of malignant transformation precancerous changes, detection of neoplasmatic tissue in the early stages for fast removal, prevention of expansion and detection of recurrence of the cancer, monitoring therapy, and the possibility of excluding neoplasmatic disease. In this article, selected applications of fluorescence diagnosis at the Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy in Bytom, Poland, for each of these targets are presented.

Clinical evaluation of twenty cases of heterotopic gastric mucosa of upper esophagus during five-year observation, using gastroscopy in combination with histopathological and microbiological analysis of biopsies.

AIM OF THE STUDY: Heterotopic gastric mucosa of the upper esophagus (HGMUE) may be connected with disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract, exacerbated by Helicobacter pylori. Furthermore, HGMUE may be the origin of malignant progression to cervical esophageal carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this work, 20 patients with diagnosed heterotopic gastric mucosa of the upper esophagus (HGMUE) were subjected to 5-year follow-up to determine the extent and structure of histopathological changes within HGMUEs, as well as HGMUE dysplasia and metaplasia, and risk of their malignant transformation. As a diagnostic tool to describe localization, form, size and surface feature of HGMUEs, endoscopy was used. At the same time, the biopsies were collected for histopathological and microbiological analysis. RESULTS: In examined patients, HGMUEs were associated with inflammation, chronic gastritis, hiatus hernia, duodenal bulb erosion and ulcer and infection of H. pylori. Intestinal metaplasia and low grade dysplasia were also indicated. During 5 years of observation, both the clinical and histopathological image of diagnosed HGMUEs was stable. The patients with detected presence of H. pylori were treated with triple or quadruple therapy. These results show that HGMUEs may be associated with severe complications in the gastrointestinal tract, such as infection by H. pylori, hiatus hernia or duodenal ulcer. Although dysplasias and metaplasias found in diagnosed HGMUEs were not very numerous and relatively stable both clinically and histopathologically, at the present stage of the study we cannot exclude the possibility of HGMUE malignant transformation.

Autofluorescence endoscopy with "real-time" digital image processing in differential diagnostics of selected benign and malignant lesions in the oesophagus.

BACKGROUND: Oesophageal papilloma and Barrett's oesophagus are benign lesions known as risk factors of carcinoma in the oesophagus. Therefore, it is important to diagnose these early changes before neoplastic transformation. METHOD: Autofluorescence endoscopy is a fast and non-invasive method of imaging of tissues based on the natural fluorescence of endogenous fluorophores. The aim of this study was to prove the diagnostic utility of autofluorescence endoscopy with digital image processing in histological diagnosis of endoscopic findings in the upper digestive tract, primarily in the imaging of oesophageal papilloma. RESULTS: During the retrospective analysis of about 200 endoscopic procedures in the upper digestive tract, 67 cases of benign, precancerous or cancerous changes were found. White light endoscopy (WLE) image, single-channel (red or green) autofluorescence images, as well as green and red fluorescence intensities in two modal fluorescence image and red-to-green (R/G) ratio (Numerical Colour Value, NCV) were correlated with histopathologic results. The NCV analysis in autofluorescence imaging (AFI) showed increased R/G ratio in cancerous changes in 96% vs. 85% in WLE. Simultaneous analysis with digital image processing allowed us to diagnose suspicious tissue as cancerous in all of cases. Barrett's metaplasia was confirmed in 90% vs. 79% (AFI vs. WLE), and 98% in imaging with digital image processing. In benign lesions, WLE allowed us to exclude tissue as malignant in 85%. Using autofluorescence endoscopy R/G ratio was increased in only 10% of benign changes causing the picture to be interpreted as suspicious, but when both methods were used together, 97.5% were cases excluded as malignancies. Mean R/G ratios were estimated to be 2.5 in cancers, 1.25 in Barrett's metaplasia and 0.75 in benign changes and were statistically significant (p=0.04). CONCLUSION: Autofluorescence imaging is a sensitive method to diagnose precancerous and cancerous early stages of the diseases located in oesophagus. Especially in two-modal imaging including white light endoscopy, autofluorescence imaging with digital image processing seems to be a useful modality of early diagnostics. Also in observation of papilloma changes, it facilitates differentiation between neoplastic and benign lesions and more accurate estimation of the risk of potential malignancy.

Chlorin-based photodynamic therapy enhances the effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in bladder cancer cells.

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an attractive, emerging therapeutic procedure suitable for the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a death ligand that belongs to the TNF superfamily of cytokines. The ability of TRAIL to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells but not in normal cells promotes the development of TRAIL-based cancer therapy. However, many tumor cells are resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The purpose of the study was to overcome TRAIL-resistance in bladder cancer cells by photodynamic therapy (PDT). MATERIAL/METHODS: Three human bladder transitional cancer cell lines - T24, 647V and SW780 - were treated with TRAIL and/or chlorin-based PDT. The cytotoxicity was measured by MTT and LDH assays and apoptosis was detected using annexin V by flow cytometry. RESULTS: Our test confirmed that T24 and 647V bladder cancer cells are resistant to TRAIL, whereas SW780 cells are sensitive to TRAIL. Then we examined the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of TRAIL in combination with chlorin e6-polyvinylpyrrolidone (Ce6-PVP)-mediated PDT on bladder cancer cells. We showed for the first time that pretreatment with a low dose of PDT significantly sensitizes bladder cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Chlorin-based PDT augments the effect of TRAIL on bladder cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS: PDT with Ce6-PVP photosensitizer enhances the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of TRAIL on bladder cancer cells. The obtained results suggest that combined treatment by TRAIL and PDT may provide the basis for a new therapeutic approach to induce cell death in bladder cancer.

Processes of apoptosis and cell proliferation in uterine myomas originating from reproductive and perimenopausal women.

We studied uterine myomas originating from females of reproductive age and from females of perimenopausal age. Uterine myomas represent benign tumors of the myometrium, and they develop frequently in women of reproductive age. The frequency of uterine myomas increases with age until women reach the menopause. The study included patients with a myomatous uterus, in the reproductive age or peri-menopausal age, independently evaluating small and large myomas. Myometrial alterations in their direct vicinity were evaluated independently of the myomas. The study included evaluation of immunolocalization of two index proteins which participate in myoma cells growth control: Ki-67 nuclear antigen and caspase 3. In women of reproductive age, both in small and large myomas, elevated immunostaining of Ki-67 was noted in parallel to low levels of caspase 3 staining, which indicated the ongoing process of proliferation. In women of peri-menopausal age with small or large myomas, no Ki-67 immunostaining was detected, while staining of caspase 3 manifested low levels. Proliferation in reproductive age women myomas is higher than in the peri-menopausal age.

[Oedema of the lower limb in the general practice]. / Obrzek konczyn dolnych w praktyce lekarza rodzinnego.

There is more numerous number of patients in the different age rangesubmit to the general physician. They are transfer to the angiologist or to the vascular surgeon then. The oedema of the lower limb is not only an aestehtic problem. It can be very difficult and in the extreme cases can lead to trobles with move, especially in older patients. The causes of the oedema of theb lower limb can be very deiversed, from trivial caused by the injury to the very serious like phlegmasia coerulea dolens.

[Young patients after myocardial infarction--what could be done?]. / Mlodzi pacjenci z zawalem miesnia sercowego--czy moina cos zrobic?

INTRODUCTION: The cause of myocardial infarction is a sudden necrosis of blood arteries which delivery blood to heart, what suddenly begins necrosis of this area, that is a formation necrosis. Myocardial infarction can step out both in persons with coronary disease diagnosis and at young person so far have not any symptoms from side circulation system. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was applied 37 young patients (7 women and 30 men) from II Clinical and Cathedral of Cardiology in Zabrze of The Silesian Medical University in Katowice with myocardial infarction. In this work the authors used the questionnaire which including basic information about hospitalized patients as well as executed the retrospective opinion of chosen risk factors (dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hypertension arterials, family interview and smoking). The authors were also executed qualification of frequency the type of myocardial infarction, diagnostic and therapeutic conduct with cardiologic interview in three aged groups (to 30 years of age, 31-35 years of age, 36-40 years of age). RESULTS: The five-year-old observation showed, that the smoking was the strongest risk factor, the raised level of cholesterol as well as the burdening family interview. It surprises however the lack of relationship with diabetes. In diagnostic ad therapeutic conduct the fundamental part play coronarography examination and PCI procedure. CONCLUSIONS: The creature of counteract in myocardial infarction in young people before 40 years old should be preventive action under propagating the healthy style of life aspect (the education, diet, physical activity) as well as the modification of reversible risk factors, which will permit to reduce or they will stop the intensive development of cardiac-vascular diseases.

The TRAF2 and TRAF6 expression in myomas and myometrium of women in reproduction and perimenopausal age.

Uterine myomas represent one of the most common female diseases. Uterine myomas or fibromas are benign, hormone-responding tumours of, respectively, smooth muscles and fibroblasts and their aetiology induces a significant interest. In myomas the presence of aromatase was detected and, in addition, oestrogen was found to be synthesized in myoma cells. The studies were performed on myoma patients of generative age and those in peri-menopausal age. Expression of TRAF2 and TRAF6 proteins was examined using immunohistochemistry and Western blot approach in small and large uterine myomas isolated from women of various age. In addition, the evaluation was conducted at the periphery of every myoma. We indicated that the level of both tested proteins in myomas is higher than in control. TRAF2 level in myometrium was lower than in myomas but higher than in control. In the case of TRAF6 those changes were ambiguous. Age didn't have influence the level of expression in both tested TRAF in studied structures.

Efficacy of photodynamic therapy in vulvar lichen sclerosus treatment based on immunohistochemical analysis of CD34, CD44, myelin basic protein, and Ki67 antibodies.

INTRODUCTION: Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic skin and mucosa inflammatory disease. It affects mainly the female anogenital area especially in postmenopausal period. The main symptoms include pruritus, burning, pain, sometimes urinary problems, or difficulties in defecation. Usually, porcelain-white plaques are seen in the skin and mucosa. The etiology and pathogenesis of LS are still uncertain. There are some research studies on possible genetic predisposition, yet autoimmune, hormonal, or infectious factors are not excluded. The typical treatment of LS is mainly pharmacological, although the alternative treatment method used in LS is photodynamic therapy (PDT), which is noninvasive technique based on selective destruction of lesions. Our study is focused on molecule markers of vascularisation (CD34), nervous cell function (myelin basic protein [MBP]), keratinocyte function (CD44), and proliferation index (Ki67) in cases treated with photodynamic method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A group of 100 patients treated in our department was included in the study. All 100 women had LS on the basis of clinical and histological criteria. All the subjects underwent PDT. In all cases, skin biopsies were taken before and after treatment, and samples were analyzed with CD34, CD44, MBP, and Ki67 antibodies using immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: The study shows the high efficacy of PDT in LS treatment including beneficial changes to CD34, CD44, and MBP immunostained molecules. The Ki67 proliferation index did not change significantly. A significant increase of CD34 (microvessel density), MBP, and CD44 expression was confirmed in the histological images and in the partial or full remission of clinical objective and subjective symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The PDT is a very effective therapeutic method in LS treatment.

Impact of low-frequency pulsed magnetic fields on defensin and CRP concentrations in patients with painful diabetic polyneuropathy and in healthy subjects.

AIM: The aim was to assess whether magnetic field influences defensin and CRP concentrations in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy and in healthy subjects. METHODS: 61 diabetic patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: study group-32 patients exposed to low-frequency magnetic field; and control group-29 patients with sham exposure. Additionally, 20 healthy subjects exposed to low-frequency magnetic field. Exposures were performed during 3 weeks, 5 days in a week. Defensin and CRP concentrations were measured at baseline, after 3 weeks and at the end of the study. RESULTS: There were no significant changes in defensin concentration in patients with diabetes in both the real and sham exposure group. We observed increased concentration of defensin in healthy subjects in week 5 vs. baseline value (P<0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Magnetic field has no impact on defensin concentration in diabetic patients but has positive influence on this parameter in healthy subjects.